Efficacy of a fixed combination of insulin degludec and GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide (Xultophy) in patient with type 2 diabetes

The fixed combination of insulin degludec and liraglutide- Xultophy is a newer therapy available for treatment of type 2 diabetes (DM2). Insulin degludec is an ultralong-basal insulin analogue and liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist. In this case we monitor values of HbA1c as a marker of glycemia regulation and predictor of vascular incidents, but also fasting glucose, HDL, LDL and triglycerides were observed

The Utilization of Frontal Sinuses in Forensics

Sažetak Individualizacija osoba i ljudskih ostataka jedan je od izazova s kojim se susreću forenzičari u svome radu u slučajevima poput masovnih katastrofa, požara i masovnih grobnica. Frontalni se sinusi pojavljuju kod većine ljudi te su kod svake osobe individualnog oblika i dimenzija. Koriste se za individualizaciju osoba kada nisu prisutni crteži papilarnih linija te kada DNK analiza nije moguća. U praksi se frontalni sinusi rabe za individualizaciju osoba od 20-ih godina 20. stoljeća. Određivanje spola prvi je korak u stvaranju biološkog profila ljudskih ostataka. U dosadašnjim istraživanjima spolnog dimorfizma frontalnih sinusa postotak pouzdanosti procjene spola iznosio je od 60 % do 85 %. Razlike u rezultatima autori objašnjavaju korištenjem različitih radioloških metoda kojima su napravljene snimke, veličinom uzorka te populacijskom specifičnošću. Za potrebe individualizacije osoba razvijeni su brojni kodni sustavi za klasifikaciju oblika i dimenzija frontalnih sinusa koji su u stvarnim slučajevima omogućili pozitivnu individualizaciju posmrtnih ostataka. Kodni sustavi polaze od ideje da će kombinacija koda biti jedinstvena ili dovoljno rijetka unutar promatrane populacije. Unatoč nedostacima, kodni sustavi klasifikacije frontalnih sinusa predstavljaju dobru pomoćnu metodu prilikom individualizacije osoba. Nijedno istraživanje proučavanjem populacijske specifičnosti te spolnoga dimorfizma frontalnih sinusa nije napravljeno na području Republike Hrvatske.Individualization of persons and human remains is one of the most common challenges forensic experts encounter during their work with cases such as mass disasters, fires and mass graves. Frontal sinuses are an anatomical structure with unique shape and dimensions that appears in almost the whole human population. They are used for personal identification when the fingerprints are not present and when the DNA analysis is impossible or financially unsuitable and time-consuming. Frontal sinuses have been in use as a mean of individualization since 1920\u27s. Sex determination is a first step in a process of biological profiling of human remains. Studies of sexual dimorphism of frontal sinuses resultet with the percentage of reliability of sex estimation ranging from 60% to 85%. The authors explain the differences in the results by using different radiological methods for recording, sample size and population specificity. For the purposes of individualization, a number of coding systems have been developed for the classification of the shape and dimensions of the frontal sinuses, which have provided a positive individualization of mortal remains in real cases. Coding systems are based on the idea that the code combination will be unique or rare enough within the observed population. Despite the disadvantages, coding systems for frontal sinus classification are a good auxiliary method when individualizing individuals. No research on the population\u27s specificity and the sexual dimorphism of the frontal sinuses was done on the territory of the Republic of Croatia

Challenges of the Forensic and Criminal Investigation Terminology Project in Defining Terms from Identification Domain

Sažetak Od travnja 2018. do listopada 2019. godine odvija se projekt Forenzično-kriminalističko nazivlje (FuNK) u sklopu programa Izgradnja hrvatskoga strukovnog nazivlja (Struna) Hrvatske zaklade za znanost (HRZZ). Projektom je predviđeno definiranje 3000 pojmova iz područja istraživanja mjesta događaja, suvremenih kriminalističkih teorija i izvršnoga upravljanja, forenzične obrade bioloških, kemijskih i fizikalnih tragova, forenzične balistike i mehanoskopije, daktiloskopije, forenzične analize spornih dokumenata i novca te masovnih katastrofa i masovnih grobnica. Tijekom rada na projektu suradnici su se susreli s brojnim izazovima u usklađivanju i osuvremenjivanju nazivlja terminologije; te će u ovome radu predložiti rješenja za definiranje pojmova identifikacije, klasifikacije i individualizacije, koji se često rabe u forenzičnoj praksi, no počesto u pogrešnome i neodgovarajućemu kontekstu.Croatian vocational terminology project (Struna), under the name of Forensic-Criminalistic Terminology is an ongoing project by the Croatian Science Foundation that started in April 2018 and is planned to end in October 2019. The project envisages the definition of 3000 terms from the areas such as crime scene investigation (CSI), contemporary criminal theories and executive management, forensic processing of biological, chemical and physical traces, forensic ballistics and toolmark examination, dactyloscopy, forensic analysis of disputed documents and money, and mass disasters and mass graves. During the project, the authors met with numerous challenges in aligning and modernizing the terminology, and in this paper they will propose solutions to define the concepts of identification, classification and individualization, which are often used in forensic practice, but in a misleading and inappropriate context

Challenges of the Forensic and Criminal Investigation Terminology Project in Defining Terms from Identification Domain

Sažetak Od travnja 2018. do listopada 2019. godine odvija se projekt Forenzično-kriminalističko nazivlje (FuNK) u sklopu programa Izgradnja hrvatskoga strukovnog nazivlja (Struna) Hrvatske zaklade za znanost (HRZZ). Projektom je predviđeno definiranje 3000 pojmova iz područja istraživanja mjesta događaja, suvremenih kriminalističkih teorija i izvršnoga upravljanja, forenzične obrade bioloških, kemijskih i fizikalnih tragova, forenzične balistike i mehanoskopije, daktiloskopije, forenzične analize spornih dokumenata i novca te masovnih katastrofa i masovnih grobnica. Tijekom rada na projektu suradnici su se susreli s brojnim izazovima u usklađivanju i osuvremenjivanju nazivlja terminologije; te će u ovome radu predložiti rješenja za definiranje pojmova identifikacije, klasifikacije i individualizacije, koji se često rabe u forenzičnoj praksi, no počesto u pogrešnome i neodgovarajućemu kontekstu.Croatian vocational terminology project (Struna), under the name of Forensic-Criminalistic Terminology is an ongoing project by the Croatian Science Foundation that started in April 2018 and is planned to end in October 2019. The project envisages the definition of 3000 terms from the areas such as crime scene investigation (CSI), contemporary criminal theories and executive management, forensic processing of biological, chemical and physical traces, forensic ballistics and toolmark examination, dactyloscopy, forensic analysis of disputed documents and money, and mass disasters and mass graves. During the project, the authors met with numerous challenges in aligning and modernizing the terminology, and in this paper they will propose solutions to define the concepts of identification, classification and individualization, which are often used in forensic practice, but in a misleading and inappropriate context

Razvoj kapaciteta za testiranje na COVID-19 u Hrvatskoj: pokretanje međuodjelne jedinice COVID-19 u Kliničkome bolničkom centru Split

This paper presents the chronology, experiences, and challenges in introducing COVID -19 RT -PCR testing in Split, Croatia. We describe the processes from March 12, 2020 to May 26, 2020, starting from the initial knowledge transfer, expert team formation and management, testing implementation, and concluding with the standalone testing facilities, which used automated processes sufficient to meet testing requirements at that time. In the case presented, the COVID -19 unit was organized by joining human and laboratory resources from five clinical departments at the Split University Hospital Centre. Sample preparation procedures and analyses were launched within the restricted time frame while simultaneously training and organizing new laboratory staff and completing equipment requirements. As a result, the process that started with 30 tests per day was constantly improved over time and reached up to 160 tests per day when MagNA Pure was added to automatize RN A extraction at the end of April. At that pace, the cumulative number of samples soon exceeded the first thousand, and by the end of May it exceeded 4000. The case presented provides an example of good practice for crisis response and organization that successfully enabled sufficient COVID -19 testing capacities within the restricted time frame, human and technical resources. Despite limited understanding of COVID -19 at that time, appropriate management, transfer of knowledge, previous experiences in related laboratory and diagnostic work, as well as interdisciplinary and interdepartmental cooperation proved appropriate to overcome the above limitations and ensure adequate healthcare response.Cilj je ovoga rada prikazati kronologiju, iskustva i izazove tijekom uvođenja testiranja na COVID -19 pomoću RT -PCR-a u Splitu. Rad obuhvaća razdoblje od 12. ožujka do 26. svibnja 2020., počevši od početnoga prijenosa znanja, osnivanja i organiziranja timova, provedbe testiranja pa sve do uvođenja automatizacije procesa koja je na koncu omogućila potpuno zadovoljavanje tadašnjih potreba. U predmetnome slučaju jedinica COVID -19 utemeljena je objedinjavanjem ljudskih potencijala i laboratorijskih kapaciteta iz pet kliničkih zavoda Kliničkoga bolničkog centra Split. Pokrenuti su procesi pripreme i analize uzoraka, dok se istodobno radilo na obučavanju i organiziranju novoga osoblja te upotpunjavanju potrebne opreme i uređaja. Kao rezultat rada, početni kapaciteti od 30 testova na dan stalno su se povećavali, dostigavši krajem travnja razinu i do 160 testova nakon nabavke uređaja MagNA Pure za automatsku ekstrakciju RN K-a. Tim tempom kumulativni broj provedenih testova ubrzo je dostigao 1000, dok je do kraja svibnja prešao i 4000. Opisani slučaj prikazuje primjer dobre prakse odgovora i upravljanja krizom koji su omogućili stvaranje dostatnih testnih kapaciteta za COVID -19 uz ograničeno vrijeme, osoblje i tehničke resurse. Bez obzira na skromnost tadašnjih saznanja o bolesti COVID -19, odgovarajući načini upravljanja, prijenosa znanja, prethodnoga iskustva u srodnome laboratorijskom i dijagnostičkom radu, kao i interdisciplinarna i međuodjelna suradnja polučili su dobre rezultate u premošćivanju opisanih izazova te osiguravanju primjerenoga odgovora zdravstvenog sustava