Copolymerisation as a way to enhance the electrochromic properties of an alkylthiophene oligomer and a pyrrole derivative: copolymer of 3,3'" dihexyl-2,2':5',2":5",2'"-quaterthiophene with (R)-(-)-3-(1-pyrrolyl)propyl-N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)-α-phenylglycinate

The copolymerisation of 3,3'" Dihexyl-2,2':5',2":5",2'"-quaterthiophene (DHQT) and (R)-(-)-3-(1-pyrrolyl)propyl-N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)-α-phenylglycinate (DNBP) was successfully performed electrochemically in acetonitrile (CH3CN) containing tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate ((C4H9)4NBF4) by direct oxidation of monomer mixtures in different feed ratios. Copolymerisation improved the properties of the films of both polymers PDHQT and PDNBP, in respect to the adhesion of PDHQT onto ITO/glass surface and the chromatic contrast of these electrochromic materials. PDHQT, PDNBP and P(DHQT-co-DNBP) films were characterised by FTIR spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and spectroelectrochemical techniques. Solutions of PDHQT and its copolymers with DNBP (independently of the feed ratio) in N-methylpyrrolidone are fluorescent with emission bands at 555 and 585 nm when excited at 375 nm. Reversible changes in the hue and saturation occur in all the copolymer films from yellow or orange in the reduced state to green or blue in the oxidised state, but were dependent on the proportion of the comonomers used to prepare the copolymers. These changes are more significant for P(DHQT-co-DNBP) films deposited onto ITO/glass with 1:5 feed ratio, as shown by the track of the CIE 1931 xy chromaticity coordinates and by the electrochromic parameters in which this film (thickness 0.8±0.2 μm) presented chromatic contrast (Δ%T) at 660 nm of 62%, coloration efficiency (η) of 266 cm2 C-1 and stability to redox cycling (Δ%T=17% at the 1000th cycle). Therefore, these copolymers are potentially applicable in displays and optoelectronic devices as electrochromic and fluorescent materials

Effect of the Insertion and Polymerization Technique in Composite Resin Restorations: Analysis of Marginal Gap by Atomic Force Microscopy

This in vitro study evaluated the marginal gap at the composite tooth/resin interface in class V cavities under the influence of two insertion techniques and a curing system by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM). Forty enamel and dentin cavities were prepared on the buccal surface in bovine teeth with quadratic forms measuring 2 mm X 2 mm and depth of 1.5 mm. The teeth were then divided into four groups: group A, 10 cavities were restored in one increment, light cured by halogen light; group B, 10 cavities filled with bulk filling, light cured by the light emitting diodes (LED); group C, 10 cavities were restored by the incremental technique, light cured by halogen light; group D, 10 cavities were restored by the incremental technique, light cured by the LED. The teeth underwent the polishing procedure and were analyzed by AFM for tooth/restoration interface evaluation. The data were compared between groups using the nonparametric Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (p < 0.05). The results showed a statistically significant difference between groups A and B and groups A and C. It was concluded that no insertion and polymerization technique was able to completely seal the cavity

Analysis of Roughness and Surface Hardness of a Dental Composite Using Atomic Force Microscopy and Microhardness Testing

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of a cola soft drink (CSD) and coffee on the microhardness and surface roughness of composite resin. Fifty cavities were prepared on the vestibular surface of bovine incisors and restored with nanoparticulate resin. The teeth were divided into five groups (n = 10): group A (control), immersion in artificial saliva (AS) for 14 days; group B, immersion in coffee for 15 min (3x/day) for 7 days followed by immersion in AS for another 7 days; group C, immersion in CSD for 15 min (3x/day) for 7 days followed by immersion in AS for another 7 days; group D, immersion in AS for 7 days, immersion in coffee for 15 min (3x/day) for 7 days; group E, immersion in AS for 7 days, immersion in CSD for 15 min (3x/day) for 7 days. After the immersion periods the specimens were analyzed for their microhardness and surface roughness. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by t-test with 5% significance. Group A presented the highest average microhardness and lowest surface roughness, so it was possible to conclude that the consumption of CSD and coffee alters the microhardness and surface roughness of new restorations.o TEXTO COMPLETO DESTE ARTIGO, ESTARÁ DISPONÍVEL À PARTIR DE AGOSTO DE 2015.173446451Brazilian institutions Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoa

Effect of the Insertion and Polymerization Technique in Composite Resin Restorations: Analysis of Marginal Gap by Atomic Force Microscopy

This in vitro study evaluated the marginal gap at the composite tooth/resin interface in class V cavities under the influence of two insertion techniques and a curing system by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM). Forty enamel and dentin cavities were prepared on the buccal surface in bovine teeth with quadratic forms measuring 2 mm X 2 mm and depth of 1.5 mm. The teeth were then divided into four groups: group A, 10 cavities were restored in one increment, light cured by halogen light; group B, 10 cavities filled with bulk filling, light cured by the light emitting diodes (LED); group C, 10 cavities were restored by the incremental technique, light cured by halogen light; group D, 10 cavities were restored by the incremental technique, light cured by the LED. The teeth underwent the polishing procedure and were analyzed by AFM for tooth/restoration interface evaluation. The data were compared between groups using the nonparametric Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (p < 0.05). The results showed a statistically significant difference between groups A and B and groups A and C. It was concluded that no insertion and polymerization technique was able to completely seal the cavity.o TEXTO COMPLETO DESTE ARTIGO, ESTARÁ DISPONÍVEL À PARTIR DE AGOSTO DE 2015.166779784FAPEA

Padronização da técnica de plasmaférese automatizada em equinos

O presente artigo objetivou estudar a viabilidade da técnica de plasmaférese automatizada e padronizá-la em cinco equinos hígidos, bem como apresentar as complicações durante o procedimento, as adequações em relação aos procedimentos em humanos e avaliar a recuperação de volume globular e proteínas plasmáticas totais nos doadores. Os procedimentos foram realizados com o equipamento Fresenius AS104, com duração média de 1h46min, processamento de 5758mL de sangue total e colheita média de 3133mL de plasma. Não foram observadas alterações significativas do volume globular após a plasmaférese automatizada. A recuperação dos níveis plasmáticos de proteínas foi de 91,4% em 96 horas após o procedimento. A plasmaférese automatizada apresentou-se viável para a espécie equina, diminuindo o tempo de recuperação hematimétrica nos doadores

Standardization Of Automated Plasmapheresis In Horses [padronização Da Técnica De Plasmaférese Automatizada Em Equinos]

This paper aimed to study feasibility and standardize the automated plasmapheresis in five healthy horses, showing the complications during the procedure, adjustments in relation to the procedures in humans and assessing the recovery of globular volume and plasma total proteins in donors. The procedures were performed with the Fresenius AS104 equipment, with an average duration of one hour and forty six minutes, processing 5758mL of whole blood and harvest average of 3133mL of plasma. There were no significant variations in globular volume after the automated plasmapheresis. The recovery of plasma total proteins was 91.4% at 96 hours after the procedure. The automated plasmapheresis appeared viable for the equine species, decreasing the time of hematimetric level recovery in donor.65410491056Angulo, Y., Estrada, R., Gutiérrez, J.M., Effects of bleeding in horses immunized with snake venoms for antivenom production (1997) Rev. Biol. Tropical, 45, pp. 1215-1221Brook, D., Aspects of plasma production (1989) Equine Vet. Sci, 8, pp. 303-306Durham, A.E., Blood and plasma transfusion in the horse (1996) Equine Vet. Educ, 8, pp. 8-12Feige, K., Ehrat, F.B., Kastner, S.B.R., Automated Plasmapheresis compared with other plasma collection methods in the horse (2003) J. Med. Vet, 50, pp. 185-189Holmes, M.A., Townsend, H.G.G., Kohler, A.K., Immune responses to commercial equine vaccines against equine herpesvírus-1, equine influenza virus, eastern equine encephalomyelitis, and tetanus (2006) Vet. Immunology and Immunopathology, 111, pp. 67-80Hunt, E., Moore, J.S., Use of blood and blood products (1990) Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract, 6, pp. 133-147Magdesian, K.G., Brook, D., Wickler, S.J., Temporal effects of plasmapheresis on serum proteins in horses (1992) Am. J. Vet. Res, 53, pp. 1149-1153Marques Jr., J.F.C., http://www.google.com.br/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=21&ved=0CBkQFjAAOBQ&url=http%3A%2F%2Fforuns.bc.unicamp.br%2Fsaude%2Fevento12%2Fmarques.ppt&rct=j&q=af%C3%A9rese%20terap%C3%AAutica&ei=W6kxTYCZPIbMgQfTr_TECw&usg=AFQjCNFAUog5k0901GGUNcBPSzYH07bUlA&cad=rja, Hemaféreses terapêuticas. Campinas: Hemocentro Universidade Estadual de CampinasMclure, J.T., Deluca, J.L., Lunn, D.L., Evaluation of IgG concentration and IgG subisotypes in foals with complete or partial failure of passive transfer after administration of intravenouns serum or plasma (2001) Equine Vet. J., 33, pp. 681-686Mcvey, S., Loan, R.W., Total and antigen-specific serum immunoglobulin isotype concentrations in hyperimmunized cattle that have undergone plasmapheresis (1989) Am. J. Vet. Res., 50, pp. 758-761Morris, D.D., Blood products in large animal medicine: a comparative account of current and future technology (1987) Equine Vet. J., 19, pp. 272-275Motta, I., http://www.cremerj.org.br/palestras/506.PDF, Aférese terapêutica. In: VII Curso de Educação Médica Continuada, 2007Pardini, H., http://pt.scribd.com/doc/61465262/MANUAL-BIOQUIMICA-VET, Manual de Bioquímica Veterinária. Belo Horizonte: Instituto Hermes Pardini Veterinária. Disponível em Acessado em: 27 set. 2011Parra, A.C., Variações da crase sanguínea durante a hiperimunização e após sangria e plasmaférese em equinos de produção de soro hiperimune anti-crotálico. 2005. 134f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Medicina Veterinária)-Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São PauloPhillips, A.W., Courtenay, J.S., Ruston, R.D.H., Plasmapheresis of horses by extracorporal circulation of blood (1974) Res. Vet. Sci., 16, pp. 35-39Santos, R.B., (2005), p. 125. , Influência do uso de plasmaférese sobre o tempo de recuperação de caprinos doadores de sangue ou plasma Dissertação (Mestrado em Medicina Veterinária) ? Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São PauloSilva, F.A.S., Azevedo, C.A.V., (2009), Principal Components Analysis in the Software Assistat-Statistical Attendance. In: WORLD CONGRESS ON COMPUTERS IN AGRICULTURE, 7., 2009. Reno-NV-USA: American Society of Agricultural and Biological EngineersSmith, M.C., Sherman, D.M., (1994), pp. 193-230. , Blood, lymph and immune systems. In: SMITH, M.C.SHERMAN, D.M. Goat medicine. Philadelphia: Lea&FebigerSouza Netto, B.A., http://www.laborlife.com.br/exames/hematoref.html, Valores de referência-hemograma equino. Rio de Janeiro: Laborfife veterinária. Disponível emStoneham, S., (1997), 19, pp. 384-385. , Collection and administration of plasma to a newborn foal. In PracticeVon Bering, E., Kitasato, S., (1890), 16, pp. 1113-1145. , Ueber das Zustandekommen der Diphtherie-immunitãt und der Tetanus-immunitãt bei Thieren. Deutsche Med. Wochenschrif

Cisto enterógeno intrarraquiano: relato de caso Intraspinal enterogenous cyst: case report

Os autores relatam o caso de um paciente de 7 anos de idade, com quadro de dor cervical e tetraparesia progressiva há 2 meses, que apresentava lesão cística intrarraquiana de C4 a C6. Foi submetido a exerese da lesão por via anterior, através de corporectomia de C5-C6 e reconstrução com enxerto de crista ilíaca e placa metálica. O diagnóstico anátomo-patológico da lesão foi de cisto enterógeno. Aspectos relacionados a apresentação clínica, embriologiae tratamento dessa lesão são discutidos.<br>The authors report the case of a 7 years old boy with cervical pain and tetraparesis progressing by two months. He presented an intraspinal cystic lesion from C4 to C6. Exeresis of the lesion was undergone by anterior way through a corpectomy of C5-C6 followed by reconstruction with bone graft of the iliac crest and metallic plaque. Anatomic diagnosis of the lesion was enterogenous cyst. Aspects of clinical presentation, embryology and treatment of these cysts are discussed