Intracranial Aneurysms and Lipid Metabolism Disorders: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Implications

Many vascular diseases are linked to lipid metabolism disorders, which cause lipid accumulation and peroxidation in the vascular wall. These processes lead to degenerative changes in the vessel, such as phenotypic transformation of smooth muscle cells and dysfunction and apoptosis of endothelial cells. In intracranial aneurysms, the coexistence of lipid plaques is often observed, indicating localized lipid metabolism disorders. These disorders may impair the function of the vascular wall or result from it. We summarize the literature on the relationship between lipid metabolism disorders and intracranial aneurysms below

Analysis of Maceaene and Macamide Contents of Petroleum Ether Extract of Black, Yellow, and Purple Lepidium Meyenii (Maca) and Their Antioxidant Effect on Diabetes Mellitus Rat Model

ABSTRACT Maceaene and macamide contents as well as antioxidant effect of petroleum ether extract of black maca (BM), yellow maca (YM), and purple maca (PM) on diabetes mellitus (DM) rats were investigated. The results showed that seven, six, and five analogues of macamides were identified from the petroleum ether extracts of BM, YM, and PM, respectively. BM extract exhibited the highest contents of total macamides. Comparatively, the PM extract has the lowest macamide quantity. The maceaene contents in all the extracts showed no significant difference (p>0.05). Macamide contents in maca with the same color were not statistically different. Pharmacological results showed that 60-day oral administration of the petroleum ether extract of maca (100 mg/kg.d) can significantly decrease lipid oxidation as indicated by the decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and carbonylated proteins (CP) concentrations on DM rat model (P<0.05). Among them, oral administration of PM extract showed the lowest TBRAS and CP concentrations. All maca extracts can enhance antioxidant enzyme (SOD, superoxide dismutase; CAT, catalase) activity of liver and red blood cells (RBC) of DM rat. However, only oral administration of PM extract can increase SOD and CAT activity of both RBC and liver. The glutathion (GSH) contents in plasma were significantly increased in DM rats treated with PM extract (p<0.05). But, oral administration of BM and YM extracts did not enhance GSH levels. Take together, the data suggested that PM extract exhibited the most potent antioxidant activity on DM rat model. And, maceaene and macamide in maca extract was not correlated with its antioxidant ability

RNA-seq of hypo- and hyper-salinity stress-response transcriptome in the liver of greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) juveniles

Salinity is an important abiotic stress that has significant effects on the physiology and metabolism of marine fish. The greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) is a large, fast-growing species with high commercial value in global aquaculture. To describe the molecular response of the greater amberjack liver to different salinity stresses, RNA-seq analysis was performed to identify the important genes and signaling pathways activated in response to salt stress. Greater amberjack juveniles were reared under different salinity stresses (20, 30, and 40 ppt) for 30 days to evaluate their tolerance, adaptability, and molecular responses. A total of 657 (426 up-regulated and 231 down-regulated) and 65 (17 up-regulated and 48 down-regulated) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the group at 30 vs. 20 ppt and 30 vs. 40 ppt salinity, respectively. qPCR and transcriptomic analysis showed that salinity stress affected the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism (pld2, pla2g7, acacb, and acsl4a), vitamin metabolism (cyp24a1 and cyp2r1), ion transporters (slc4a1a, slc4a4b, rhag, and rh50), and signal transduction (itpkcb, fgf19, and fgfr4). KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were primarily involved in metabolism, ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes, and insulin signaling pathway. The identified candidate genes involved in metabolism pathways, ion transporters, and signal transduction, provide a basis for further study of the molecular mechanisms involved in salinity adaptation and transcriptional plasticity in the livers of marine fish

MDP25, A Novel Calcium Regulatory Protein, Mediates Hypocotyl Cell Elongation by Destabilizing Cortical Microtubules in Arabidopsis[C][W][OA]

This study reveals that the Arabidopsis thaliana microtubule-destabilizing protein MDP25 regulates hypocotyl elongation. The microtubule-destabilizing activity of MDP25 is regulated by calcium, which causes MDP25 to disassociate from the plasma membrane and move into the cytosol. We identified a novel microtubule mechanism that regulates hypocotyl cell elongation in Arabidopsis