Transformation of peptide nanotubes into a vesicle via fusion driven by stereo-complex formation.

Two types of peptide nanotubes, one is prepared from an amphiphilic peptide having a right-handed helix segment and the other from that having a left-handed helix segment, are shown to transform the morphology into a vesicle by membrane fusion due to stereo-complex formation between these helical segments

RCABench: Open Benchmarking Platform for Root Cause Analysis

Fuzzing has contributed to automatically identifying bugs and vulnerabilities in the software testing field. Although it can efficiently generate crashing inputs, these inputs are usually analyzed manually. Several root cause analysis (RCA) techniques have been proposed to automatically analyze the root causes of crashes to mitigate this cost. However, outstanding challenges for realizing more elaborate RCA techniques remain unknown owing to the lack of extensive evaluation methods over existing techniques. With this problem in mind, we developed an end-to-end benchmarking platform, RCABench, that can evaluate RCA techniques for various targeted programs in a detailed and comprehensive manner. Our experiments with RCABench indicated that the evaluations in previous studies were not enough to fully support their claims. Moreover, this platform can be leveraged to evaluate emerging RCA techniques by comparing them with existing techniques.Comment: Accepted by NDSS 2023 Workshop on Binary Analysis Research (BAR); Best Paper Awar

Generating quantum entanglement between macroscopic objects with continuous measurement and feedback control

This study is aimed at investigating the feasibility of generating quantum entanglement between macroscopic mechanical mirrors in optomechanical systems while under continuous measurement and feedback control. We carefully derive a covariance matrix for mechanical mirrors in a steady state, employing the Kalman filtering problem with an assumed dominant cavity photon dissipation, such that the common and differential modes of the mirrors are squeezed by the action of measuring the output light beams. We demonstrate that entanglement between the mechanical mirrors is generated when the states of the common and differential modes are squeezed with high purity in an asymmetric manner. Our results also show that quantum entanglement between $7$ mg mirrors is achievable in the short term.Comment: 20 pages, 10 figure

Histone variant H2A.B-H2B dimers are spontaneously exchanged with canonical H2A-H2B in the nucleosome

精子形成に重要なヒストンによるDNAの新たな折りたたみを解明. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2021-02-22.H2A.B is an evolutionarily distant histone H2A variant that accumulates on DNA repair sites, DNA replication sites, and actively transcribing regions in genomes. In cells, H2A.B exchanges rapidly in chromatin, but the mechanism has remained enigmatic. In the present study, we found that the H2A.B-H2B dimer incorporated within the nucleosome exchanges with the canonical H2A-H2B dimer without assistance from additional factors, such as histone chaperones and nucleosome remodelers. High-speed atomic force microscopy revealed that the H2A.B nucleosome, but not the canonical H2A nucleosome, transiently forms an intermediate “open conformation”, in which two H2A.B-H2B dimers may be detached from the H3-H4 tetramer and bind to the DNA regions near the entry/exit sites. Mutational analyses revealed that the H2A.B C-terminal region is responsible for the adoption of the open conformation and the H2A.B-H2B exchange in the nucleosome. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the histone exchange of the H2A.B nucleosome