First Zoea of a Rare Deep-sea Shrimp Vexillipar repandum Chace, 1988 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea, Alpheidae), with Special Reference to Larval Characters of the Family

First zoea of a rare alpheid shrimp Vexillipar repandum Chace, associated with a deep-sea hexactinellid sponge, is described and illustrated based on laboratory-hatched material. The general morphology of the first zoea of V. repandum is similar to those of the previously-known examples of Alpheus. A diagrammatic key for identification of the family among caridean zoeas is proposed

Expression patterns of gdnf and gfrα1 in rainbow trout testis.

In mice, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is essential for normal spermatogenesis and in vitro culture of spermatogonial stem cells. In murine testes, GDNF acts as paracrine factor; Setoli cells secrete it to a subset of spermatogonial cells expressing its receptor, GDNF family receptor α1 (GFRα1). However, in fish, it is unclear what types of cells express gdnf and gfrα1. In this study, we isolated the rainbow trout orthologues of these genes and analyzed their expression patterns during spermatogenesis. In rainbow trout testes, gdnf and gfrα1 were expressed in almost all type A spermatogonia (ASG). Noticeably, unlike in mice, the expression of gdnf was not observed in Sertoli cells in rainbow trout. During spermatogenesis, the expression levels of these genes changed synchronously; gdnf and gfrα1 showed high expression in ASG and decreased dramatically in subsequent developmental stages. These results suggested that GDNF most likely acts as an autocrine factor in rainbow trout testes

注意障害のリハビリテーションにおける直接刺激法課題の検討：近赤外線分光法を用いた解析から

研究報告Original Articles　本研究では、注意障害のリハビリテーションの一つである直接刺激法において効果的とされている課題の一つを取り上げ、その有効性について検証し考察を加え報告する。　直接刺激法とは、注意機能にかかわる脳領域を反復刺激によって直接的に刺激する方法であるとされており、注意機能そのものの回復を目的としている。そこで、現在直接刺激法の課題の一つとされるパソコンを用いた文字入力課題について、注意に関わる脳領域が活性化されているか否かを、脳の活動を間接的に示すとされる脳血流動態の変化を、近赤外線分光法（functional near infrared spectroscopy：以下fNIRS）によって測定し、検証した。また、入力操作の繰り返しを行うことで、入力操作はスキルとして学習されていると捉え、学習方法の違いによっても注意にかかわる脳領域の活性化に違いが生じるか否かを比較検討した。　結果、パソコンの文字入力課題では、学習が進むに従い注意機能を担う脳領域のOxy-Hbの変化を示す波形は下降した。またその傾向は、学習の方法に差異はなく、パソコンを用いた文字入力課題は、直接刺激法として効果的ではない可能性が示された。In the study, we examined exercise tasks in stimulation therapy, which is one of methods used in rehabilitation for attention difficulties. As a method known to directly stimulate the brain region involved in attentional function by repeated practice, the stimulation therapy is aimed at restoring the attentional function itself. We examined, using functional near infrared spectroscopy, whether the brain region involved in attentional function is activated by repeated practice of the PC character input exercise, which is currently used in stimulation therapy. We also considered whether any difference arises in the activation of the brain depending on learning methods.As a result, a possibility has been suggested that the activity of the brain region associated with attentional function is reduced as the learning progresses regardless of the learning methods

作業を用いた直接刺激法による注意機能向上の効果と汎化：注意障害に対する作業療法における基礎的研究

聖隷クリストファー大学2015年

Distribution of Deoxynivalenol and Nivalenol in Milling Fractions from Fusarium-Infected Japanese Wheat Cultivars

Reprinted with permission from the Journal of Food Protection. Copyright held by the International Association for Food Protection, Des Moines, Iowa, U.S.A.The fate of the Fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol and nivalenol during the milling of Japanese wheat cultivars artificially infected with Fusarium was investigated. Grain samples with different mycotoxin concentrations were milled using a laboratory-scale test mill to produce eight fractions: three breaking flours (1B, 2B, and 3B), three reduction flours (1M. 2M, and 3M), wheat bran, and wheat shorts. Patent flour for human consumption was made from the I B, 2B, I M. and 2M flours, and low-grade flour was made from 3B and 3M flours. The four resulting samples (patent flour, low-grade flour, bran, and shorts) were analyzed for deoxynivalenol and/or nivalenol with an in-house validated analytical method using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV absorbance detection. In samples with different mycotoxin concentrations, the distribution of those toxins differed among the milling fractions. Grains with a lower level of contamination produced bran and shorts samples with a high relative concentration of nivalenol. A high percentage of nivalenol was found in patent flour, followed by bran. Contrary to the less-contaminated sample, the concentration of nivalenol in moderately contaminated grain was high only in the shorts sample. The highest percentage of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol was observed in the patent flour. The results of this study indicate that the distribution of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol in milled Japanese wheat could be influenced by the contamination level of the original grain, and the milling process is not always effective for removal of toxins from wheat grains.ArticleJOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION. 73(10):1817-1823 (2010)journal articl

浸潤および血管新生を通しての人肝細胞癌の進行におけるケラチン19分子の役割

BACKGROUND: Keratin (K) 19-positive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is well known to have a higher malignant potential than K19-negative HCC: However, the molecular mechanisms involved in K19-mediated progression of HCC remain unclear. We attempted to clarify whether K19 directly affects cell survival and invasiveness in association with cellular senescence or epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in K19-positive HCC. METHODS: K19 expression was analysed in 136 HCC surgical specimens. The relationship of K19 with clinicopathological factors and survival was analysed. Further, the effect of K19 on cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis was examined by silencing K19 in the human HCC cell lines, HepG2, HuH-7, and PLC/PRF/5. Finally, we investigated HCC invasion, proliferation, and angiogenesis using K19-positive HCC specimens. RESULTS: Analysis of HCC surgical specimens revealed that K19-positive HCC exhibited higher invasiveness, metastatic potential, and poorer prognosis. In vitro experiments using the human HCC cell lines revealed that K19 silencing suppressed cell growth by inducting apoptosis or upregulating p16 and p27, resulting in cellular senescence. In addition, transfection with K19 siRNA upregulated E-cadherin gene expression, significantly inhibited the invasive capacity of the cells, downregulated angiogenesis-related molecules such as vasohibin-1 (VASH1) and fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGFR1), and upregulated vasohibin-2 (VASH2). K19-positive HCC specimens exhibited a high MIB-1 labelling index, decreased E-cadherin expression, and high microvessel density around cancer foci. CONCLUSION: K19 directly promotes cancer cell survival, invasion, and angiogenesis, resulting in HCC progression and poor clinical outcome. K19 may therefore be a novel drug target for the treatment of K19-positive HCC.博士（医学）・乙第1399号・平成29年3月15日© The Author(s). 2016 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated

Instanton Number Calculus on Noncommutative R^4

In noncommutative spaces, it is unknown whether the Pontrjagin class gives integer, as well as, the relation between the instanton number and Pontrjagin class is not clear. Here we define ``Instanton number'' by the size of $B_{\alpha}$ in the ADHM construction. We show the analytical derivation of the noncommuatative U(1) instanton number as an integral of Pontrjagin class (instanton charge) with the Fock space representation. Our approach is for the arbitrary converge noncommutative U(1) instanton solution, and is based on the anti-self-dual (ASD) equation itself. We give the Stokes' theorem for the number operator representation. The Stokes' theorem on the noncommutative space shows that instanton charge is given by some boundary sum. Using the ASD conditions, we conclude that the instanton charge is equivalent to the instanton number.Comment: 29 pages, 7 figures, some statements in Sec.4.3 correcte