University students’ attitudes toward human interaction and health in the Corona Disaster.

新型コロナウイルスの感染拡大が学生生活に及ぼした変化から，コロナ禍における大学生の人的交流や健康に対する考え方を検討することを目的とする。2020年度広島大学歯学部歯学科１～６年生318名の学生を対象に，2020年11月から2021年２月の間にコロナ感染拡大による生活変化に関する質問紙調査を実施した。対面の会話は人との交流の要因であるものの，非対面での交流は要因ではなかった。人との交流と外出頻度との相関は高かった。健康と相関が認められたのは，衛生面に気をつけることだけであり，食事，運動，睡眠との相関は認められなかった。人との交流は，対面によるものが基本であり，非対面の交流は対面での交流を補うものではないと考えられた。外出は対面による会話を行うために必要なものであろう。健康とは衛生面に気をつけることであり，食事，運動や睡眠は省みられなかった。This study aimed to examine university students’ attitudes toward human interaction and health by clarifying changes in their lives caused by the COVID-19 epidemic. A questionnaire survey on life changes due to the COVID-19 epidemic was conducted among 318 first- to sixth-year students in the Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hiroshima University between November 2020 and February 2021. “Interaction with others” was influenced by changes in “face-to-face conversations”, but not by “non-face-to-face interactions” such as online interaction. “Interaction with others” correlated highly with “the frequency of going out”. “Health conscious”correlated only with “taking care of hygiene ”but not with “diet”, “exercise”, or “sleep”. The basic interaction with people might be face to face, and non-personal interactions had not evolved to the point where they complement face-to-face interactions. Going out was considered necessary for face-to-face conversations. “Health conscious” meant “taking care of hygiene” and not “diet” , “exercise”, and “sleep”

A novel interplay between the Fanconi anemia core complex and ATR-ATRIP kinase during DNA cross-link repair.

When DNA replication is stalled at sites of DNA damage, a cascade of responses is activated in the cell to halt cell cycle progression and promote DNA repair. A pathway initiated by the kinase Ataxia teleangiectasia and Rad3 related (ATR) and its partner ATR interacting protein (ATRIP) plays an important role in this response. The Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway is also activated following genomic stress, and defects in this pathway cause a cancer-prone hematologic disorder in humans. Little is known about how these two pathways are coordinated. We report here that following cellular exposure to DNA cross-linking damage, the FA core complex enhances binding and localization of ATRIP within damaged chromatin. In cells lacking the core complex, ATR-mediated phosphorylation of two functional response targets, ATRIP and FANCI, is defective. We also provide evidence that the canonical ATR activation pathway involving RAD17 and TOPBP1 is largely dispensable for the FA pathway activation. Indeed DT40 mutant cells lacking both RAD17 and FANCD2 were synergistically more sensitive to cisplatin compared with either single mutant. Collectively, these data reveal new aspects of the interplay between regulation of ATR-ATRIP kinase and activation of the FA pathway

日本人における日常身体活動および余暇の運動と嚥下障害の関連

内容の要約広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(口腔健康科学)Doctor of Philosophy in Oral Health Sciencedoctora

Characterization of the Replication Region of Plasmid pLS32 from the Natto Strain of Bacillus subtilis

Plasmid pL32 from the Natto strain of Bacillus subtilis belongs to a group of low-copy-number plasmids in gram-positive bacteria that replicate via a theta mechanism of replication. We studied the DNA region encoding the replication protein, RepN, of pLS32, and obtained the following results. Transcription of the repN gene starts 167 nucleotides upstream from the translational start site of repN. The copy number of repN-coding plasmid pHDCS2, in which the repN gene was placed downstream of the IPTG (isopropyl-1-thio-β-d-galactopyranoside)-inducible Pspac promoter, was increased 100 fold by the addition of IPTG. Histidine-tagged RepN bound to a specific region in the repN gene containing five 22-bp tandem repeats (iterons) with partial mismatches, as shown by gel retardation and foot printing analyses. Sequence alterations in the first three iterons resulted in an increase in plasmid copy number, whereas those in either the forth or fifth iteron resulted in the failure of plasmid replication. The iterons expressed various degrees of incompatibility with an incoming repN-driven replicon pSEQ243, with the first three showing the strongest incompatibility. Finally, by using a plasmid, pHDMAEC21, carrying the sequence alterations in all the five iterons in repN and thus unable to replicate but encoding intact RepN, the region necessary for replication was confined to a 96-bp sequence spanning the 3′-terminal half of the fourth iteron to an A+T-rich region located downstream of the fifth iteron. From these results, we conclude that the iterons in repN are involved in both the control of plasmid copy number and incompatibility, and we suggest that the binding of RepN to the last two iterons triggers replication by melting the A+T-rich DNA sequence

Electrochemical Enrichment and Isolation of Electrogenic Bacteria from 0.22 µm Filtrate

Ultramicrobacteria (UMB) that can pass through a 0.22 µm filter are attractive because of their novelty and diversity. However, isolating UMB has been difficult because of their symbiotic or parasitic lifestyles in the environment. Some UMB have extracellular electron transfer (EET)-related genes, suggesting that these symbionts may grow on an electrode surface independently. Here, we attempted to culture from soil samples bacteria that passed through a 0.22 µm filter poised with +0.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl and isolated Cellulomonas sp. strain NTE-D12 from the electrochemical reactor. A phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA showed 97.9% similarity to the closest related species, Cellulomonas algicola, indicating that the strain NTE-D12 is a novel species. Electrochemical and genomic analyses showed that the strain NTE-D12 generated the highest current density compared to that in the three related species, indicating the presence of a unique electron transfer system in the strain. Therefore, the present study provides a new isolation scheme for cultivating and isolating novel UMB potentially with a symbiotic relationship associated with interspecies electron transfer