Maintaining Web Applications by Translating Among Different RIA Technologies

As RIA (Rich Internet Application) technologieshave been widely used, the compatibility problem has arisen:they are hardly compatible with each other. To solve theproblem, we have proposed and implemented an automatic RIAtransformation system named Web-IR, which uses anXML-based intermediate representation with a Java-basedframework. As concrete examples, Web-IR currently supportsAjax, Flex, JavaFX, and OpenLaszlo as its input/output. Ourevaluations show that Web-IR can transform existing realapplications into other RIA technologies keeping almost thesame appearances. Finally, we conclude that Web-IR can solvethe problem sufficiently

The effects of unilateral cochlear ablation on the expression of vesicular glutamate transporter 1 in the lower auditory pathway of neonatal rats

Objectives: Unilateral cochlear damage has profound effects on the central auditory pathways in the brain. Methods: We examined the effects of unilateral cochlear ablation on VGLUT1 expression in the cochlear nucleus (CN) and the superior olivary complex (SOC) in neonatal rats. Results: VGLUT1 expression in the CN subdivisions (the AVCN, the PVCN and the DCN-deep layers) and the SOC (the MnTB, the LSO and the MSO) ipsilateral to the ablated side was significantly suppressed by unilateral cochlear ablation. Interestingly, VGLUT1 expression in the PVCN and the DCN-deep layers contralateral to the ablated side was also reduced. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that unilateral cochlear ablation affects VGLUT1 expression in the central auditory pathways not only ipsilateral but also contralateral to the ablated side. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.in Press / Embargo Period 12 month

ピエゾ型機械受容チャネル1による歯の発生過程におけるWNTシグナルと一次繊毛発現の調整

Signal transmission from the mechanical forces to the various intracellular activities is a fundamental process during tissue development. Despite their critical role, the mechanism of mechanical forces in the biological process is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that in the response to hydrostatic pressure (HP), the piezo type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1 (PIEZO1) is a primary mechanosensing receptor for odontoblast differentiation through coordination of the WNT expression and ciliogenesis. In stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), HP significantly promoted calcium deposition as well as the expression of odontogenic marker genes, PANX3 and DSPP, and WNT related-genes including WNT5b and WNT16, whereas HP inhibited cell proliferation and enhanced primary cilia expression. WNT signaling inhibitor XAV939 and primary cilia inhibitor chloral hydrate blocked the HP-induced calcium deposition. The PIEZO1 activator Yoda1 inhibited cell proliferation but induced ciliogenesis and WNT16 expression. Interestingly, HP and Yoda1 promoted nuclear translocation of RUNX2, whereas siRNA-mediated silencing of PIEZO1 decreased HP-induced nuclear translocation of RUNX2. Taken together, these results suggest that PIEZO1 functions as a mechanotransducer that connects HP signal to the intracellular signalings during odontoblast differentiation

FGF2 SUPPRESSED CCL11 EXPRESSION IN HUMAN DENTAL PULP-DERIVED MSCs

The regulation of the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) programming mechanism promises great success in regenerative medicine. Tissue regeneration has been associated not only with the differentiation of MSCs, but also with the microenvironment of the stem cell niche that involves various cytokines and immune cells in the tissue regeneration site. In the present study, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), the principal growth factor for tooth development, dental pulp homeostasis and dentin repair, was reported to affect the expression of cytokines in human dental pulp‑derived MSCs. FGF2 significantly inhibited the expression of chemokine C‑C motif ligand 11 (CCL11) in a time‑ and dose‑dependent manner in the SDP11 human dental pulp‑derived MSC line. This inhibition was diminished following treatment with the AZD4547 FGF receptor (FGFR) inhibitor, indicating that FGF2 negatively regulated the expression of CCL11 in SDP11 cells. Furthermore, FGF2 activated the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), extracellular signal‑regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and c‑Jun N‑terminal kinases (JNK) in SDP11 cells. The mechanism of the FGFR‑downstream signaling pathway was then studied using the SB203580, U0126 and SP600125 inhibitors for p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, and JNK, respectively. Interestingly, only treatment with SP600125 blocked the FGF2‑mediated suppression of CCL11. The present results suggested that FGF2 regulated the expression of cytokines and suppressed the expression of CCL11 via the JNK signaling pathway in human dental pulp‑derived MSCs. The present findings could provide important insights into the association of FGF2 and CCL11 in dental tissue regeneration therapy

DART: Dependable VLSI Test Architecture and Its Implementation

Although many electronic safety-related systems require very high reliability, it is becoming harder and harder to achieve it because of delay-related failures, which are caused by decreased noise margin. This paper describes a technology named DART and its implementation. The DART repeatedly measures the maximum delay of a circuit and the amount of degradation in field, in consequence, confirms the marginality of the circuit. The system employing the DART will be informed the significant reduction of delay margin in advance of a failure and be able to repair it at an appropriate time. The DART also equips a technique to improve the test coverage using the rotating test and a technique to consider the test environment such as temperature or voltage using novel ring-oscillator-based monitors. The authors applied the proposed technology to an industrial design and confirmed its effectiveness and availability with reasonable resources.2012 IEEE International Test Conference, 5-8 November 2012, Anaheim, CA, US

Primary tumor-secreted lymphangiogenic factors induce pre-metastatic lymphvascular niche formation at sentinel lymph nodes in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the formation of lymphvascular niches in lymph nodes of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and investigate the roles of lymphangiogenic and angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, VEGF-C, and VEGF-D, expressed in the primary tumors. Materials and Methods: Forty-four patients with previously untreated clinically late T2 or T3 OSCC of cN0 were evaluated for primary tumors and 166 sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs). Primary tumors were immunohistochemically analyzed for expressions of VEGFs. Densities of lymphatic vessels (LVDpodoplanin) and high endothelial venules (HEVD) in the SLNs were also calculated using antibodies for each marker, podoplanin and MECA-79, respectively. Results: In 25 patients, all lymph nodes were metastasis-negative, whereas, in 19 patients, metastasis was positive for at least one lymph node (either at SLN, non-SLN, or nodal recurrence). From the analyses of 140 SLNs without metastasis, LVDpodoplanin in 50 SLNs of metastasis-positive cases was significantly higher than that in 90 SLNs of metastasis-negative cases (p = 0.0025). HEVD was not associated with lymph node metastasis. The patients with VEGF-A-High or VEGF-D-High tumors had significantly higher LVDpodoplanin than patients with their Low counterparts (p = 0.0233 and p = 0.0209, respectively). In cases with lymph node metastasis, the VEGF-D-expression score was significantly higher than in those without lymph node metastasis (p = 0.0006). Conclusions: These results suggest that lymph node lymphangiogenesis occurs before metastasis in OSCC. VEGF-A and VEGF-D play critical roles in this process. VEGF-D is a potential predictive marker of positive lymph node metastasis in cN0 patients. © 2015 Wakisaka et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited

Iroquois homeobox 3 regulates odontoblast proliferation and differentiation mediated by Wnt5a expression

Iroquois homeobox (Irx) genes are TALE-class homeobox genes that are evolutionarily conserved across species and have multiple critical cellular functions in fundamental tissue development processes. Previous studies have shown that Irxs genes are expressed during tooth development. However, the precise roles of genes in teeth remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated for the first time that Irx3 is an essential molecule for the proliferation and differentiation of odontoblasts. Using cDNA synthesized from postnatal day 1 (P1) tooth germs, we examined the expression of all Irx genes (Irx1-Irx6) by RT-PCR and found that all genes except Irx4 were expressed in the tooth tissue. Irx1-Irx3 a were expressed in the dental epithelial cell line M3H1 cells, while Irx3 and Irx5 were expressed in the dental mesenchymal cell line mDP cells. Only Irx3 was expressed in both undifferentiated cell lines. Immunostaining also revealed the presence of IRX3 in the dental epithelial cells and mesenchymal condensation. Inhibition of endogenous Irx3 by siRNA blocks the proliferation and differentiation of mDP cells. Wnt3a, Wnt5a, and Bmp4 are factors involved in odontoblast differentiation and were highly expressed in mDP cells by quantitative PCR analysis. Interestingly, the expression of Wnt5a (but not Wnt3a or Bmp4) was suppressed by Irx3 siRNA. These results suggest that Irx3 plays an essential role in part through the regulation of Wnt5a expression during odontoblast proliferation and differentiation

ピエゾ型機械受容イオンチャネル1は間葉系幹細胞の分化運命決定の調節因子として機能する

The extracellular environment regulates the dynamic behaviors of cells. However, the effects of hydrostatic pressure (HP) on cell fate determination of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are not clearly understood. Here, we established a cell culture chamber to control HP. Using this system, we found that the promotion of osteogenic differentiation by HP is depend on bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) expression regulated by Piezo type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1 (PIEZO1) in MSCs. The PIEZO1 was expressed and induced after HP loading in primary MSCs and MSC lines, UE7T-13 and SDP11. HP and Yoda1, an activator of PIEZO1, promoted BMP2 expression and osteoblast differentiation, whereas inhibits adipocyte differentiation. Conversely, PIEZO1 inhibition reduced osteoblast differentiation and BMP2 expression. Furthermore, Blocking of BMP2 function by noggin inhibits HP induced osteogenic maker genes expression. In addition, in an in vivo model of medaka with HP loading, HP promoted caudal fin ray development whereas inhibition of piezo1 using GsMTx4 suppressed its development. Thus, our results suggested that PIEZO1 is responsible for HP and could functions as a factor for cell fate determination of MSCs by regulating BMP2 expression

Attempting to define sentinel node micrometastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma

OBJECTIVE:The aim of this supplemental study of a sentinel node (SN) biopsy (SNB) trial for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) was to assess the effectiveness in identifying micrometastasis and determining whether elective neck dissection (END) is necessary. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Twenty-three patients with pathologically positive SNs were included. The sizes of the metastatic lesions in positive SNs (SMSNs) were classified and the rates of occult metastasis of non-SNs were compared. RESULTS:The patients were divided according to the SMSN:<0.2 mm (group A, n=3);0.2 mm to <2.0 mm (group B, n=7);and ≥2.0 mm (group C, n=13). The rates of occult metastasis in groups A, B, and C were 0% (0/3), 14% (1/7) and 23% (3/13), respectively. CONCLUSION:Rare cancer cell distribution to nodes other than SNs was observed in the patients with SN metastatic lesions of at least smaller than 0.2 mm in size, suggesting the possibility of defining SN micrometastasis in N0 OSCC