Physiological FDG uptake in growth plate on pediatric PET

Objective(s):18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in children is different from that in adults. Physiological accumulation is known to occur in growth plates, but the pattern of distribution has not been fully investigated. Our aim was to evaluate the metabolic activity of growth plates according to age and location. Methods:We retrospectively evaluated 89 PET/CT scans in 63 pediatric patients (male : female=25 : 38, range, 0–18 years). Patients were classified into four age groups (Group A: 0–2 years, Group B: 3–9 years, Group C: 10–14 years and Group D: 15-18 years). The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the proximal and distal growth plates of the humerus, the forearm bones and the femur were measured. The SUVmax of each site and each age group were compared and statistically analyzed. We also examined the correlations between age and SUVmax. Results:As for the comparison of SUVmax in each location, the SUVmax was significantly higher in the distal femur than those in the other sites (p< 0.01). SUVmax in the distal humerus and the proximal forearm bones were significantly lower than those in the other sites (p< 0.01). In the distal femur, there was large variation in SUVmax, while in the distal humerus and the proximal forearm bones, there was small variation. As for the comparison of SUVmax in each age group, the SUVmax in group D tended to be lower than those in the other groups, but in the distal femur, there was no significant difference among each age group. Conclusion:Our data indicate that FDG uptake in growth plates varies depending on the site and age with remarkable uptake especially in the distal femur

Diagnostic Value of DCE-MRI for Differentiating Malignant Adnexal Masses Compared with Contrast-enhanced-T1WI

Purpose: To compare the diagnostic performance of dynamic contrast-enhanced-MR (DCE-MR) and delayed contrast-enhanced (CE)-MRI added to unenhanced MRI, including diffusion weighted image (DWI) for differentiating malignant adnexal tumors, conducting a retrospective blinded image interpretation study. Methods: Data of 80 patients suspected of having adnexal tumors by ultrasonography between April 2008 and August 2018 were used for the study. All patients had undergone preoperative MRI and surgical resection at our institution. Four radiologists (two specialized in gynecological radiology and two non-specialized) were enrolled for blinded review of the MR images. A 3-point scale was used: 0 = benign, 1 = indeterminate, and 2 = malignant. Three imaging sets were reviewed: Set A, unenhanced MRI including DWI; Set B, Set A and delayed CE-T1WI; and Set C, Set A and DCE-MRI. Imaging criteria for benign and malignant tumors were given in earlier reports. The diagnostic performance of the three imaging sets of the four readers was calculated. Their areas under the curve (AUCs) were compared using the DeLong method. Results: Accuracies of Set B were 81%–88%. Those of Set C were 81%–85%. The AUCs of Set B were 0.83 and 0.89. Those of Set C were 0.81–0.86. For two readers, Set A showed lower accuracy and AUC than Set B/Set C (less than 0.80), although those were equivalent in other readers. No significant difference in AUCs was found among the three sequence sets. Intrareader agreement was moderate to almost perfect in Sets A and B, and substantial to almost perfect in Set C. Conclusion: DCE-MR showed no superiority for differentiating malignant adnexal tumors from benign tumors compared to delayed CE-T1WI with conventional MR and DWI

Prognostic value of pretreatment FDG PET/CT in uterine cervical cancer according to two major histologic types: squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma

Objective(s): The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of pretreatment Positron emission tomography / computed tomography using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET/CT) in cervical cancer according to two major histologic types.Methods: Eighty-three squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients and 35 adenocarcinoma (AC) patients who underwent pretreatment FDG-PET/CT were retrospectively analyzed. Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of the primary tumor were calculated. Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to compare correlations between each PET parameter and overall survival (OS). The prognostic values of imaging and clinical parameters were assessed using uni- and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models.Results: SUVmax, SUVmean, and TLG were significantly higher in SCC than in AC (p<0.01 each). No significant difference in MTV was seen between the two groups (p=0.10). As for Kaplan-Meier analyses, in SCC, patients with SUVmax, SUVmean, MTV, and TLG exceeding cutoff values tended to show worse OS than patients with lower values (p=0.07, p=0.27, p<0.01, and p=0.01, respectively, for OS). On the other hand, in AC, patients with MTV and TLG exceeding cutoff values showed significantly worse PFS and OS (p<0.01 each for OS), while SUVmax and SUVmean were unrelated to OS (p=0.91 and p=0.83, respectively for OS). As for multivariable analyses, in SCC, TLG was identified as an independent prognostic factor for OS (p=0.01). In AC, MTV was identified as an independent prognostic factor for OS (p=0.02).Conclusion: Our preliminary data suggest that FDG-PET/CT would be useful for predicting prognosis in cervical cancer, although the clinical significance of quantitative values may differ according to histopathological type

Transport of carbon-bearing dusts from Iraq to Japan during Iraq\u27s War

Rainwater collected during the period of February-April, 2003 in Kanazawa University and Hakui, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan, was investigated by ion chromatography of the dissolved ions, and Scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive analyzer (SEM-EDX), electron microprobe analyzer (EPMA), transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analyses of the filtered samples. The pH, Eh, EC, dissolved oxygen (DO) and depleted U (DU) of the rainwater were also measured. The results show a rare case with low pH value of rain and high value of electrical conductivity (EC) in the rainwater during certain period. The NO 3 -, SO 4 2- and NH 4 + concentrations on 26th March, show quite high values after oil field fires on 21st March 2003. The powdery dust and carbon-bearing nm sized particles contained in the rainwater have characteristics different from that of the Asian dust (Kosa). Since 21 March, 2003 the Iraq plunged into the war, the 9 oil field fires were reported on 25 March, 2003 in Rumaylah oil field near the borderline of Kuwait. The first precipitation was caught in Kanazawa on 24 March, 2003. The pH value of the rainwater indicated a strong acid rain (pH 3.6) with black powdery dusts. The acid rain on 27th March to 2nd April (pH 3.4-4.3; 5-17mm) associated with WNW wind (2.7-4.1m/s) has continued to the first 10 days of April in Kanazawa, during the 9 oil fields were burning in Iraq. The EC in rainwater collected from 24 March to 15 April, 2003, shows high concentrations of ions, suggesting high contents of water soluble-carbon particles and soot. In the meantime, it was the highest season of sandstorms at bare dried land in Iraq from the end of March to the beginning of April. Westerly wind blew around 5500m high, and the sandstorm with 2000m wide was transported by strong wind to Zagros 3000m high mountains. The hot wind hit the Zagros Mountains and easily to join and rise to Westerly wind high by a rising air current. The 234U/ 238U activity (around 0.2) in typical depleted uranium (DU) is quite low compared with that (around 1.0) in natural uranium. The contamination of DU from the Iraq conflict may be, if any, negligibly small on undetectable level. On the other hand, the powdery dusts and carbon-bearing particles of rainwater have been produced by combustion of oil field in Iraq and they are directly cycling in our planet by Westerly wind. Black carbon particles are a product of incomplete combustion, and are the principal light-absorbing atmospheric aerosol. The result reminds us of the scientific values of short-term atmospheric environment records during Iraq\u27s War. This has consequences for primary production of powdery dusts coming from Iraq to the atmosphere over half the globe away. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

再発前立腺癌に対する¹⁸F-FSU-880 PET/CTの診断能に関する検討: 単施設前向き研究

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(医学)甲第23811号医博第4857号新制||医||1058(附属図書館)京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻(主査)教授 小林 恭, 教授 万代 昌紀, 教授 佐藤 俊哉学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Medical ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA

Placement of a Viabahn stent-graft for hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm complicated by arterial dissection caused by a guiding sheath

A 69-year-old man was transferred to our hospital for massive hemorrhage from a right hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm 5 months after surgery for gastric cancer. Stent-graft placement was planned to avoid fatal hepatic infarction, and a guiding sheath was advanced deeply into the tortuous and stenotic right hepatic artery beyond the pseudoaneurysm for safe deployment of a stent-graft. However, this advancement caused arterial dissection of the right hepatic artery. After the guiding sheath was pulled back, a Viabahn stent-graft was successfully advanced over a guidewire to exclude the pseudoaneurysm. We consider that a Viabahn stent-graft is more flexible than a guiding sheath and that advancing a Viabahn stent-graft directly from a proximally placed guiding sheath is safer than advancing a guiding sheath into a tortuous and stenotic abdominal artery. Keywords: Stent-graft, Pseudoaneurysm, Arterial dissectio

Oxide layer dependent orbital torque efficiency in ferromagnet/Cu/oxide heterostructures

The utilization of orbital transport provides a versatile and efficient spin manipulation mechanism. As interest in orbital-mediated spin manipulation grows, we face a new issue to identify the underlying physics that determines the efficiency of orbital torque (OT). In this study, we systematically investigate the variation of OT governed by orbital Rashba-Edelstein effect at the Cu/oxide interface, as we change the oxide material. We find that OT varies by a factor of ∼2, depending on the oxide. Our results suggest that the active electronic interatomic interaction (hopping) between Cu and the oxygen atom is critical in determining OT. This also gives us an idea of what type of material factors is critical in forming a chiral orbital Rashba texture at the Cu/oxide interface