376 research outputs found
Dynamical Study of Polydisperse Hard-Sphere System
We study the interplay between the fluid-crystal transition and the glass
transition of elastic sphere system with polydispersity using nonequilibrium
molecular dynamics simulations. It is found that the end point of the
crystal-fluid transition line, which corresponds to the critical polydispersity
above which the crystal state is unstable, is on the glass transition line.
This means that crystal and fluid states at the melting point becomes less
distinguishable as polydispersity increases and finally they become identical
state, i.e., marginal glass state, at critical polydispersity.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
Static and dynamical aspects of the metastable states of first order transition systems
We numerically study the metastable states of the 2d Potts model. Both of
equilibrium and relaxation properties are investigated focusing on the finite
size effect. The former is investigated by finding the free energy extremal
point by the Wang-Landau sampling and the latter is done by observing the
Metropolis dynamics after sudden heating. It is explicitly shown that with
increasing system size the equilibrium spinodal temperature approaches the
bistable temperature in a power-law and the size-dependence of the nucleation
dynamics agrees with it. In addition, we perform finite size scaling of the
free energy landscape at the bistable point.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Physics Procedia as a proceedings of
the 24th Annual CSP Workshop at the University of Georgi
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The Benefits of Anime Background in Comprehension with Manga in Japanese
The purpose of this study is to examine whether manga and anime can be used as learning materials. Manga is one of the biggest entertainments in Japan and is read all over the world. Many Japanese language learners read manga for fun and use it as a learning material. Similarly, several Japanese language learners watch anime for fun and use it as a learning material. Due to the fact that Japanese language learners use manga and anime as learning materials, this study examines whether using manga and anime together provide high contribution for inferring novel words. There were 6 participants analyzed in this study. The result showed that using both materials together had positive effects on Japanese language learners’ inferencing skills if there is no huge difference for the amount of information between manga and anime. However, if there is a huge difference for the amount of information, most Japanese language learners did not get any effect. These results indicate that using manga and anime together provide high contribution
Molecular Dynamics Study of Rotating Nanodroplets: Finite-size Effects and Nonequilibrium Deformation
Noneqiuilibrium dynamics of rotating droplets are studied by molecular
dynamics simulations. Small deviations from the theoretical prediction are
observed when the size of a droplet is small, and the deviations become smaller
as the size of the droplet increases. The characteristic timescale of the
deformation is observed, and we find (i) the deformation timescale is almost
independent of the rotating velocity with for small frequency and (ii) the
deformation timescale becomes shorter as temperature increases. A simple model
is proposed to explain the deformation dynamics of droplets.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figure, added references, changed titl
Scalar Transfer across a Turbulent/non-turbulent Interface in a Planar Jet
This fluid dynamics video is an entry for the Gallery of Fluid Motion of the
66th Annual Meeting of the APS-DFD. In this video, the scalar transfer across
the turbulent/non-turbulent (T/NT) interface in a planar jet is investigated by
using a direct numerical simulation. Visualization of the scalar flux across
the T/NT interface shows that the diffusive species premixed in the ambient
flow is transferred into the turbulent region mainly across the leading edge
(Here, the leading edge is the T/NT interface across which the turbulent fluid
turns into the non-turbulent fluid in the streamwise direction).Comment: The fluid dynamics video for an entry for the Gallery of Fluid Motion
of the 66th Annual Meeting of the APS-DFD is include
Circadian-period variation underlies the local adaptation of photoperiodism in the short-day plant Lemna aequinoctialis
Phenotypic variation is the basis for trait adaptation via evolutionary selection. However, the driving forces behind quantitative trait variations remain unclear owing to their complexity at the molecular level. This study focused on the natural variation of the free-running period (FRP) of the circadian clock because FRP is a determining factor of the phase phenotype of clock-dependent physiology. Lemna aequinoctialis in Japan is a paddy field duckweed that exhibits a latitudinal cline of critical day length (CDL) for short-day flowering. We collected 72 strains of L. aequinoctialis and found a significant correlation between FRPs and locally adaptive CDLs, confirming that variation in the FRP-dependent phase phenotype underlies photoperiodic adaptation. Diel transcriptome analysis revealed that the induction timing of an FT gene is key to connecting the clock phase to photoperiodism at the molecular level. This study highlights the importance of FRP as a variation resource for evolutionary adaptation
Usefulness of an equal-probability assumption for out-of-equilibrium states: a master equation approach
We examine the effectiveness of assuming an equal probability for states far
from equilibrium. For this aim, we propose a method to construct a master
equation for extensive variables describing non-stationary nonequilibrium
dynamics. The key point of the method is the assumption that transient states
are equivalent to the equilibrium state that has the same extensive variables,
i.e., an equal probability holds for microscopic states in nonequilibrium. We
demonstrate an application of this method to the critical relaxation of the
two-dimensional Potts model by Monte Carlo simulations. While the one-variable
description, which is adequate for equilibrium, yields relaxation dynamics that
are very fast, redundant two-variable description well reproduces the true
dynamics quantitatively. These results suggest that some class of the
nonequilibrium state can be described with a small extension of degrees of
freedom, which may lead to an alternative way to understand nonequilibrium
phenomena.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure
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