Eroi della Grande Guerra al Pincio: riti memoriali, oblio e iconoclastia

Le erme-ritratto dei patrioti irredentisti della I Guerra Mondiale insieme al bronzo dell'eroe Enrico Toti di Arturo Dazzi, presenti nel giardino del Pincio di Roma, costituiscono un'importante testimonianza dei monumenti celebrativi post bellici della Capitale. Il nucleo dei ritratti comprende figure note (Nazario Sauro, Cesare Battisti) e meno note (Fabio Filzi, Damiano Chiesa), collocate in una cerniera di allestimento del giardino che lo divide dai busti degli uomini illustri di lettere, scienze e armi, ideale pendant iconografico della serie dei garibaldini della collina del Gianicolo. La prospettiva da cui si esamina questa serie ricostruisce sinteticamente le ragioni e il clima politico sociale per la loro scelta e collocazione, al fine di cogliere la relazione con il resto delle effigi di uomini illustri del Pincio. Particolare attenzione viene data alla funzione memoriale e alla propaganda post bellica durante il fascismo – in particolare per il monumento a Toti, importante tassello della mitizzazione dell'eroe, confrontandolo con altri a lui dedicati - giungendo ad indagare il fenomeno della ricezione contemporanea che rende i monumenti del Pincio tra i più frequentemente vandalizzati o utilizzati come immagini parlanti nella tradizione del Pasquino. Il monumento fatto per ricordare, finisce per far dimenticare, oggetto insieme di ricordo, di oblio, fino al gesto iconoclasta, in ogni caso espressione del potere dell’immagine. Il rapporto tra la scultura monumentale e le modalità di ricezione culturale ad un secolo dalla Grande Guerra sono stati esaminati grazie alla documentazione visiva composta da filmati dell'Archivio storico dell'Istituto Luce e documentazioni fotografiche

Un panorama variabile: fonti filmate per la storia dell'arte del 20. secolo

La storia del film sull’arte, pur nell’abbondanza delle testimonianze, è ancora da scrivere. Che la documentazione dell’arte contemporanea non sia fatta solo di fonti scritte e di fotografie è un’affermazione evidente, dalla quale però non sono state tratte tutte le conseguenza che sarebbe lecito attendersi. Il documento audiovisivo fatica ancora ad essere contemplato nelle bibliografie a fianco dei documenti cartacei. Riguardo all’arte della seconda metà del ‘900, nonostante la diffusione dei mezzi audiovisivi, il documentario sugli artisti al lavoro si stenta spesso a considerarlo fonte perché un genere d’informazione intesa non in flagrante, immediata come il reportage, o come i film e video che immortalano una “performance” che, per il valore dell’evento fugace, diventa opera in sé. L'articolo prende in esame un primo corpus di materiali audiovisivi, specialmente quelli conservati presso le teche RAI e l'Istituto LUCE, discutendone lo statuto e l'utilità storiografica

L'ultima cena di Leonardo come incessante remake

Il Cenacolo di Leonardo rappresenta un esempio emblematico di fortuna visiva di lungo periodo della storia dell’arte. L’attività di copisti e incisori iniziò precocemente nel secolo XVI diffondendo interpretazioni dell'opera per svilupparsi con fotografi e cineasti, dal secolo XIX ad oggi. Ciò ha generato un fenomeno inarrestabile che ha portato alla trasformazione del Cenacolo in icona mediatica e popolare. Il saggio offre un panorama di esempi e comparazioni per una riflessione critica a partire dal ruolo che hanno avuto le tecniche nelle modalità di ri-semantizzazione.Leonardo's Last Supper is an emblematic example of long-term visual fortune in art history. The activity of copyists and engravers began early in the sixteenth century spreading interpretations of the work to grow with photographers and filmmakers from the nineteenth century until today. This has generated an incessant phenomenon that led to his transformation in media and popular icons . The essay offers an overview of examples and comparisons for a critical reflection starting from the role that the techniques have had in the re-semantization modalities

Cultivating Camelina for sustainable aviation fuels in EU med marginal land recovered with co-composted biochar and digestate: Preliminary results

The H2020 BIO4A project aims at producing and deploying Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) at large scale in Europe. A major oil refinery, owned and operated by Total based on Axen’s technology, will run in non-segregated full jet-mode, targeting the production of 5 kt of ASTM-certified bio-based HEFA jet fuel. The produced SAF will then be used in commercial passenger flights: the demonstration activities will be complemented by market and policy analysis. While this part of BIO4A represent the industrial component of the project, the issue of developing additional alternative routes for supplying sustainable lipids to the HVO process represents the key R&D part: this addresses the production of Camelina in EU MED marginal land, recovered by biochar or COMBI addition. The production of a novel soil amendment, here named COMBI (COMpost + BIochar), and the evaluation of its performances to increase soil resilience in marginal lands prone to desertification in Spain, are therefore the main R&D actions. Co-composted biochar and digestate obtained from biomass anaerobic digestion has been produced and characterized. The use of Biochar and COMBI in marginal land mostly aims at increasing organic matter to the soil, favouring nutrient recycling and availability, increasing soil water holding capacity, and sequestering fixed carbon, thus contributing to the Paris Climate agreement (Climate Change mitigation) and the UN Sustainable Development Goals. In particular, the carbon removed from the atmosphere, differently from most of the CCS routes, where C is stored, is employed to support the adaptation of difficult agricultural lands and regions to climate change, improving soil and agriculture resilience (Climate Change adaptation). Biochar was produced from chestnut woodchips, thermo-chemically converted through the 50 kg/h oxidative slow pyrolysis unit developed at RE-CORD lab, while digestate was obtained from a mesophilic anaerobic digestion plant mostly fed with animal manure. Co-composting was carried out in two different periods: the first one, during the Summer season in Tuscany (IT) in a greenhouse using static windrows, equipped with temperature and moisture sensors, and turned manually twice per week; the second campaign was conducted in the same location, but during the winter season. The characteristics of different types of co-composted biochar-digestate-straw blends (COMBI) were assessed. Main physical and chemical properties were analyzed with respect to the European Biochar Certificate (EBC) standard and the European Compost Network specifications, that developed the European Quality Assurance Scheme (ECN-QAS), for the solid fraction of digestate. The potential dynamic respiration index (PDRI) test was carried out to investigate the biological stability of the solid digestate. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis was also performed on the biochar component, so to characterize the biochar in terms of total porosity and pore diameters distribution using the density functional theory (DFT) method. The test compared the composting process of the digestate only with the co-composting process of the same organic matter with the addition of increasing rates of biochar, up to 15% w/w d.b. Results were compared in terms of duration of the bio-oxidative phase and the maximum temperature reached. Products obtained were characterized and compared as regards yield (in terms of organic matter), Humic and Fulvic Acid content, Nitrate and Ammonium-N content. The products were then applied to two sites in Spain, before seeding Camelina crop: each site comprised 7 different microplots of 10 m2 each, and 4 repetitions. The microplots included soil without fertilization (control), soil with NPK fertilization, soil with three different blends of COMBI, soil with only biochar, soil with composted digestate alone. The test sites were located in two different areas of Spain, one South and the other North of Madrid. The same site will continue to be tested in normal rotation with barley over the following two years. The present works report the results of the on-going test campaign, assessing and discussing the benefits of the soil restructuring. Acknowledgments –This project has received funding from the European Union\u27s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 789562. Authors wish to acknowledge INEA and DG RTD for the support given, as well as project partners Total, SkyNRG, CENER, E

Demystifying the Real-Time Linux Scheduling Latency (Artifact)

The "Demystifying the Real-Time Linux Scheduling Latency" paper defines a safe bound for the real-time Linux scheduling latency. It also presents a tool kit that enables the measurements and analysis of the variables that compose the bond. The tool kit is used in the experimental section, performing the scheduling latency analyses on real platforms. This artifact provides the means to evaluate the tool kit and to reproduce the results of the experimental section

Demystifying the Real-Time Linux Scheduling Latency

Linux has become a viable operating system for many real-time workloads. However, the black-box approach adopted by cyclictest, the tool used to evaluate the main real-time metric of the kernel, the scheduling latency, along with the absence of a theoretically-sound description of the in-kernel behavior, sheds some doubts about Linux meriting the real-time adjective. Aiming at clarifying the PREEMPT_RT Linux scheduling latency, this paper leverages the Thread Synchronization Model of Linux to derive a set of properties and rules defining the Linux kernel behavior from a scheduling perspective. These rules are then leveraged to derive a sound bound to the scheduling latency, considering all the sources of delays occurring in all possible sequences of synchronization events in the kernel. This paper also presents a tracing method, efficient in time and memory overheads, to observe the kernel events needed to define the variables used in the analysis. This results in an easy-to-use tool for deriving reliable scheduling latency bounds that can be used in practice. Finally, an experimental analysis compares the cyclictest and the proposed tool, showing that the proposed method can find sound bounds faster with acceptable overheads

Constant bandwidth servers with constrained deadlines

The Hard Constant Bandwidth Server (H-CBS) is a reservation-based scheduling algorithm often used to mix hard and soft real-time tasks on the same system. A number of variants of the H-CBS algorithm have been proposed in the last years, but all of them have been conceived for implicit server deadlines (i.e., equal to the server period). However, recent promising results on semi-partitioned scheduling together with the demand for new functionality claimed by the Linux community, urge the need for a reservation algorithm that is able to work with constrained deadlines. This paper presents three novel H-CBS algorithms that support constrained deadlines. The three algorithms are formally analyzed, and their performance are compared through an extensive set of simulations

Biochar and organic matter co-composting: a critical review

The H2020 BIO4A project aims at producing and deploying Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) at large scale in Europe. A major oil refinery, owned and operated by Total based on Axen’s technology, will run in non-segregated full jet-mode, targeting the production of 5 kt of ASTM-certified bio-based HEFA jet fuel. The produced SAF will then be used in commercial passenger flights: the demonstration activities will be complemented by market and policy analysis. While this part of BIO4A represent the industrial component of the project, the issue of developing additional alternative routes for supplying sustainable lipids to the HVO process represents the key R&D part: this addresses the production of Camelina in EU MED marginal land, recovered by biochar or COMBI addition. The production of a novel soil amendment, here named COMBI (COMpost + BIochar), and the evaluation of its performances to increase soil resilience in marginal lands prone to desertification in Spain, are therefore the main R&D actions. Co-composted biochar and digestate obtained from biomass anaerobic digestion has been produced and characterized. The use of Biochar and COMBI in marginal land mostly aims at increasing organic matter to the soil, favouring nutrient recycling and availability, increasing soil water holding capacity, and sequestering fixed carbon, thus contributing to the Paris Climate agreement (Climate Change mitigation) and the UN Sustainable Development Goals. In particular, the carbon removed from the atmosphere, differently from most of the CCS routes, where C is stored, is employed to support the adaptation of difficult agricultural lands and regions to climate change, improving soil and agriculture resilience (Climate Change adaptation). Biochar was produced from chestnut woodchips, thermo-chemically converted through the 50 kg/h oxidative slow pyrolysis unit developed at RE-CORD lab, while digestate was obtained from a mesophilic anaerobic digestion plant mostly fed with animal manure. Co-composting was carried out in two different periods: the first one, during the Summer season in Tuscany (IT) in a greenhouse using static windrows, equipped with temperature and moisture sensors, and turned manually twice per week; the second campaign was conducted in the same location, but during the winter season. The characteristics of different types of co-composted biochar-digestate-straw blends (COMBI) were assessed. Main physical and chemical properties were analyzed with respect to the European Biochar Certificate (EBC) standard and the European Compost Network specifications, that developed the European Quality Assurance Scheme (ECN-QAS), for the solid fraction of digestate. The potential dynamic respiration index (PDRI) test was carried out to investigate the biological stability of the solid digestate. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis was also performed on the biochar component, so to characterize the biochar in terms of total porosity and pore diameters distribution using the density functional theory (DFT) method. The test compared the composting process of the digestate only with the co-composting process of the same organic matter with the addition of increasing rates of biochar, up to 15% w/w d.b. Results were compared in terms of duration of the bio-oxidative phase and the maximum temperature reached. Products obtained were characterized and compared as regards yield (in terms of organic matter), Humic and Fulvic Acid content, Nitrate and Ammonium-N content. The products were then applied to two sites in Spain, before seeding Camelina crop: each site comprised 7 different microplots of 10 m2 each, and 4 repetitions. The microplots included soil without fertilization (control), soil with NPK fertilization, soil with three different blends of COMBI, soil with only biochar, soil with composted digestate alone. The test sites were located in two different areas of Spain, one South and the other North of Madrid. The same site will continue to be tested in normal rotation with barley over the following two years. The present works report the results of the on-going test campaign, assessing and discussing the benefits of the soil restructuring. Acknowledgments –This project has received funding from the European Union\u27s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 789562. Authors wish to acknowledge INEA and DG RTD for the support given, as well as project partners Total, SkyNRG, CENER, ETA Florence, and EC JR

La grotta immersiva: multimedialità del paleostorico tra disegno, fotografia, cinema e 3D Autori

La grotta paleostorica si offre come una “immagine-ambiente” paradigmatica nell’intima relazione tra immagini (pitture, graffiti, blocchi scolpiti) e andamento della parete geologica. Spazio conchiuso, avvolgente, buio, in cui “l’immagine va a coincidere con la totalità del campo percettivo, venendo meno la cornice”, essa appare come l’ambiente perfetto per essere esplorato in modalità immersiva a 360°. Un caso emblematico di questo sistema esperienziale è offerto dal recentissimo, sfaccettato programma Meet Our Ancestors (Google Arts & Culture), dedicato al sito di Chauvet-Pont d’Arc, che, attraverso un apparato tecno-mediale e differenti gradi di interazione (AR, VR), permette sia la sovrapposizione tra reale e virtuale, sia l’immersione multisensoriale in un ambiente artificiale. Oggetto di riflessione del contributo sarà la disamina della multiforme nozione di immersività AR e VR in una prospettiva teorica-estetica in relazione a tale ambiente specifico, anche alla luce della sua estensiva applicazione alle principali repliche (Altamira, Lascaux, Chauvet) in fase di pandemia. Il contributo ripercorrerà inoltre le tappe salienti di una lunga storia percettiva perennemente oscillante tra lettura ambientale ed esaltazione iconica: dalle prime illustrazioni di ambito scientifico di fine XIX secolo, alle strategie espositive della prima metà del ‘900, passando per le immagini della cultura di massa, la ri-mediazione dell’arte paleostorica trova uno snodo fondamentale nell’avvento del cinema, per culminare nell’utilizzo del 3D con l’opus di Werner Herzog, The Cave of forgotten dreams (2011)