70 research outputs found
Utjecaj supstrata obogaÄenog razliÄitim uljima na masnokiselinski sastav crne vojniÄke muhe (Hermetia illucens)
The black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) has emerged as an interesting alternative protein source in animal feed due to its ability to grow on various substrates. Although it has many rearing benefits and possible applications, it has an unfavourable fatty acid profile if used for human consumption due to its high content of lauric acid and low content of polyunsaturated fatty acids. In order to investigate whether the lipid composition of black soldier fly larvae can be altered, the feeding media were supplemented with varying concentrations of fish, linseed or coconut oil (1, 2.5 and 5%). Two-week-old larvae were collected, measured and their tissue fatty acid composition was determined. The fatty acid profile of the larvae showed significant plasticity, depending on the life stage and the fatty acid composition of the feeding media. The addition of 2.5 and 5% of different oils significantly changed the fatty acid composition of larvae, depending on the type and percentage of oil. The n6/n3 ratio was considerably improved by supplementing fish and linseed oil. The addition of linseed oil increased the content of linolenic acid, but bioconversion to eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids was low. In contrast, the addition of fish oil significantly increased the content of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in the larvae. The content of lauric acid significantly increased after coconut addition. The trial showed that by using different oils, the lipid composition of black soldier fly larvae could be specifically changed to increase the beneficial long chain n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the amount of lauric or linolenic acid.Crna vojniÄka muha (Hermetia illucens) zanimljiv je alternativni izvor bjelanÄevina u hrani za životinje zahvaljujuÄi moguÄnosti uzgoja u razliÄitim vrstama supstrata. Iako uzgoj navedene muhe ima mnoge prednosti, njezina primjena je ograniÄena zbog nepovoljnog masnokiselinskog sastav koji obilježava visoki udio laurinske kiseline i niski udio viÅ”estruko nezasiÄenih masnih kiselina. Pokus je napravljen u svrhu istraživanja moguÄnosti promjene lipidnog sastava larvi crne vojniÄke muhe primjenom ribljeg, lanenog ili kokosova ulja (1, 2,5 i 5 %) u supstratu za uzgoj. Larve u dobi od dva tjedna prikupljene su, izvagane i izmjerene te je analiziran njihov masnokiselinski sastav. Rezultati su pokazali znakovitu varijabilnost sastava masnih kiselina, ovisno o razvojnom stadiju i sastavu supstrata. Dodatak ulja u koncentraciji od 2,5 i 5 % znakovito je promijenio masnokiselinski sastav larvi, na Å”to su utjecaj imali vrsta i postotak ulja. Omjer n6/n3 znakovito je poboljÅ”an primjenom ribljeg i lanenog ulja. Primjenom lanenog ulja poveÄan je udio linolenske kiseline iako je biokonverzija u eikozapentaensku i dokozaheksaensku kiselinu bila niska. No, dodatak ribljeg ulja znakovito je poveÄao udio eikozapentaenske i dokozaheksaenske kiseline u larvama. TakoÄer, udio laurinske kiseline bio je znakovito poveÄan primjenom kokosova ulja. Rezultati su pokazali da se primjenom razliÄitih vrsta ulja može utjecati na lipidni sastav larvi crne vojniÄke muhe u svrhu poveÄanja udjela n-3 dugolanÄanih viÅ”estruko nezasiÄenih masnih kiselina, odnosno s ciljem poveÄanja udjela linolenske ili laurinske kiseline
UÄinak dodavanja živih stanica kvasca Saccharomyces cerevisiae u obroku tovne janjadi na proizvodne rezultate i broj bakterija u buragu
A feeding trial was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of live yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on the growth performance of lambs. The experiment was performed on thirty-six East - Friesian lambs divided into a control group without live yeast cells (CD = control diet), an experimental group with 1g/day of live yeast cells in the diet (YC1) and an experimental group with 0.5 g/day of live yeast cells in the diet (YC0.5). Diet was based on hay and concentrate containing: corn (66.3%), soybean meal (18.7%), bran (6%) and alfalfa meal (4%). No effects were recorded on weight, weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The number of anaerobic and aerobic rumen bacteria was not affected by the treatment. Results demonstrated that 0.5 g/day and 1 g/day of live yeast cells supplementation to finishing lambs fed hay and high energy concentrate does not improve growth performance.Proveden je pokus da bi se utvrdio uÄinak živih stanica kvasca Saccharomyces cerevisiae na proizvodne rezultate janjadi. Pokus je proveden na trideset i Å”est janjaca istoÄnofrizijske pasmine podijeljenih u kontrolnu skupinu koja u hrani nije dobivala žive stanice kvasca (CD = kontrolna hrana), pokusnu skupinu s 1 g živih stanica kvasca u obroku (YC1) i pokusnu skupinu s 0,5 g živih stanica kvasca u obroku (YC0,5). Obrok se sastojao od sijena i dodatka koncentrata koji je sadržavao kukuruz (66,3%), sojinu saÄmu (18,7%), pÅ”eniÄne posije (6%) i braÅ”no lucerne (4%). Nije utvrÄen uÄinak na težinu, prirast i konverziju hrane. Postupak nije
utjecao na broj anaerobnih i aerobnih bakterija. ZakljuÄili smo da žive stanice kvasca nisu poboljÅ”ale rast u janjadi hranjene sijenom i koncentratom
KroniÄni unos saharoze poveÄava ekspresiju SREBP-1c i gena upalnog odgovora u bubrezima Å”takora bez znatnih promjena u koliÄini viÅ”estruko nezasiÄenih masnih kiselina
We studied the influence of long-term treatment with sucrose in drinking water on the kidney histology, inflammation gene expression and lipogenesis. Male Wistar rats were supplemented with 30% sucrose (w/v) in water (MetSyn group) or with plain water (Control group). Kidney histology showed that the sucrose treated rats had increased renal lipid content and glomerulosclerosis. TGF-Ć1 and TNF-Ī± gene expression was also increased in the MetSyn group indicating low-grade inflammation. The fatty acid profile was characterized by increased saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and a decrease in C18 essential fatty acids. The content of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids did not decrease despite the decrease in the content of their precursors. Neither the expression nor the protein quantity of delta-5 desaturase increased, indicating that renal delta-5-desatuaration is not important for the preservation of the kidney arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid content in metabolic syndrome. The expression of SREBP-1c transcriptional factor increased two-fold in the MetSyn group, indicating increased renal lipogenesis in the sucrose treated rats. In conclusion, the results show that chronic sucrose intake induces glomerulosclerosis, low-grade inflammation, increases saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and decreases C18 fatty acids without further decrease in arachidonic and docosahexaenoic fatty acids content.Istražili smo uÄinak dugotrajnog tretmana saharozom putem pitke vode na histologiju bubrega, ekspresiju gena upalnog odgovora te lipogenezu. Wistar-Å”takori muÅ”kog spola tretirani su s 30 % saharoze u vodi (skupina MetSyn) ili su dobivali Äistu vodu (kontrola). Histologija bubrega pokazala je poveÄanu koliÄinu lipida i glomerulosklerozu. Ekspresija TGF-Ć1 i TNF-Ī± gena bila je poviÅ”ena u skupini MetSyn, pokazujuÄi upalu. Profil masnih kiselina pokazivao je poviÅ”enu razinu zasiÄenih i jednostruko nezasiÄenih te smanjenje masnih kiselina s 18 C atoma. Koncentracija aradidonske i dokozaheksaenske kiseline nije bila smanjena unatoÄ smanjenju koncentracije njihovih prekursora. Ni ekspresija delta-5-desaturaze ni koliÄina proteina delta-5-desaturaze nisu bile poviÅ”ene, iz Äega je vidljivo da delta-5-desaturacija nije bitna za održavanje koncentracije aradidonske i dokozaheksaenske kiseline u bubregu u metaboliÄkom sindromu. Ekspresija SREBP-1c transkripcijskog faktora porasla je dvostruko u skupini MetSyn, Å”to upuÄuje na poveÄanje bubrežne lipogeneze kod Å”takora tretiranih saharozom. Rezultati pokazuju da kroniÄni tretman saharozom uzrokuje glomerulosklerozu, upalu, porast koncentracije zasiÄenih i jednostruko nezasiÄenih masnih kiselina te smanjenje C18 masnih kiselina, no nema daljnjeg smanjenja koncentracije aradidonske i dokozaheksaenske kiseline
Utjecaj polimorfizama gena FASN i DGAT1 na sastav masnih kiselina u kolostrumu i mlijeka krava Charolais pasmine te prirast njihove teladi
Fatty acid composition of milk has become an important trait in dairy production, but there has not been a large amount of research on milk fat composition in beef cows. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of polymorphisms in the fatty acid synthase (FASN) and acyl-CoA diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT1) gene on milk and colostrum fatty acid composition, and their direct (calf) and indirect (cow/mother) relationships with calf birth weight and weight gain over 14 days. Eight Charolais cows and eight calves were genotyped using the PCR-RFLP method. The cowsā milk and colostrum fatty acid profiles and their calvesā weight at birth and 14 day weight gain were analysed. In the colostrum, cows with DGAT1 genotype KA had a significantly higher content of C4:0 and lower C10:0, and with FASN diplotype TW/AR a tendency for higher C14:0 and C16:0 colostrum FA content. In the milk, Charolais cows with diplotype TW/AR tended to have higher C14:1, C16:0 and C16:1, but lower C18:0 content. At the same time, no associations were found between DGAT1 genotypes and the fatty acid composition of milk. There were also no significant associations found between the studied SNPs and the calfās birth weight and weight gain over 14 days, although calves with DGAT1 KA genotype tended to have higher birth weight.Za razliku od mlijeÄne industrije u kojoj je masnokislinski sastav mlijeka postao važno obilježje, u mesnih krava nema mnogo istraživanja o njegovom sastavu. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je procijeniti uÄinke polimorfizama sintaze masnih kiselina (FASN) i acylCoA diacilglicerol aciltransferaze (DGAT1) na sastav masnih kiselina mlijeka i kolostruma te njihov izravnan (tele) i neizravan (krava/majka) utjecaj na tjelesnu masa teladi pri poroÄaju i prirast u prvih 14 dana. Metodom PCR-RFLP genotipizirano je ukupno 16 goveda Charolais pasmine (8 krava i 8 teladi). Analiziran je masnokiselinski sastav mlijeka i kolostruma te poroÄajna masa teladi i prirast u prvih 14 dana. Krave DGAT1 genotipa KA imale su znakovito veÄi udio C4:0 i niži C10:0, a krave FASN diplotipa TW/AR imale su tendenciju veÄeg udjela C14:0 i C16:0 u kolostrumu. U mlijeku, krave s diplotipom TW/AR imale su tendenciju za veÄim udjelom C14:1, C16:0 i C16:1, te nižim udjelom C18:0. IzmeÄu genotipova DGAT1 i sastava masnih kiselina mlijeka nije pronaÄena povezanost. S obzirom na poroÄajnu masu i prirast u prvih 14 dana, jedina pronaÄena povezanost bila je u teladi s genotipom DGAT1 KA koja su imala tendenciju veÄe poroÄajne mase
Nutrition and management of dairy cows in dry period
U Älanku su razmotreni važnost suhostaja kao pripreme krava za laktaciju i najvažniji Äimbenici za uspjeÅ”nu hranidbu koji ukljuÄuju: stvaranje rezervi i prilagodbu probavnog sustava, mlijeÄnu žlijezdu i potrebe ploda. Ocjenjivanje kondicije naglaÅ”eno je kao izuzetno korisno za pravilno hranjenje i postupanje sa životinjama. Krmiva su, podijeljena na voluminozni i krepki dio, ukratko predstavljena sa svojim bitnim utjecajem. Po pojedinim razdobljima suhostaja objaÅ”njeno je njihovo trajanje, postupak sa životinjama kao i posebnosti hranidbe. Kao zadnje, ali vrlo bitno, obraÄene su pojedine bolesti vezane uz hranidbu. Iako glavni uzrok nekih navedenih bolesti nije hranidba, svrstane su ovdje jer se mogu uspjeÅ”no prevenirati ili Äak lijeÄiti promjenom obroka.In the article the importance of the dry period as a preparation for lactation is discussed. Also discussed are factors for successful nutrition which are: body reserves, adjustment of digestive system, udder and requirements of foetus. Body condition scoring is emphasised as a very useful tool for balanced nutrition and the dry cow management. Feed is divided into forage and concentrates and briefly presented as very important. Nutrition in the dry period and in general as well as the nutrition related diseases are presented. Although the cause of all diseases discussed was not nutrition we took them into consideration because they can be prevented or even cured by ration modification
Nutricine and stress interactions and the effect on poultry health and performance
U suvremenoj peradarskoj proizvodnji životinje su izložene razliÄitim oblicima stresa od trenutka kad se izlegu do zavrÅ”etka proizvodnog ciklusa. Kontinuirani stres uzrokuje smanjenje proizvodnih osobina, te poveÄanu uÄestalost obolijevanja od zaraznih i nezaraznih bolesti. BuduÄi da je u EU sve prisutniji trend iskljuÄivanja antibiotika i drugih medicinskih pripravaka iz životinjske hrane zbog opasnosti od rezistentnih mikroorganizama, nutritivna rjeÅ”enja postupno postaju sve važnija alternativa u dosadaÅ”njim sustavima uzgoja. Nutritivna rjeÅ”enja ukljuÄuju koriÅ”tenje bioloÅ”ki djelatnih tvari tj. nutricina ili funkcionalne hrane. Od nutricina najÄeÅ”Äe se primjenjuju antioksidanti, enzimi, emulgatori, karotinoidi, organske kiseline i neprobavljivi oligosaharidi. Organske kiseline i antioksidanti održavaju kakvoÄu krmiva, dok enzimi potpomažu probavu i stupanj iskoriÅ”tavanja hranjivih tvari. Karotinoidi djeluju stimulativno na imunoloÅ”ki sustav smanjujuÄi uÄestalost pojave bolesnih stanja. Neprobavljivi oligosaharidi i organske kiseline moduliraju mikropopulaciju probavnog sustava potiÄuÄi proliferaciju poželjnih mikroorganizama, te smanjuju uÄestalost probavnih poremeÄaja. Kontrolom oksidativnog stresa antioksidanti pozitivno utjeÄu na zdravstveno stanje životinja u intenzivnom uzgoju, te imaju odreÄeni uÄinak na kakvoÄu mesa. U ovom preglednom Älanku biti Äe prikazane dosadaÅ”nje spoznaje meÄudjelovanja nutricina i stresa, te njihovog utjecaja na zdravlje i proizvodne rezultate u sustavima intenzivnog uzgoja peradi.In modern poultry production animals are subject to various forms of stress from the moment they hatch to the finishing phase of the production cycle. Ongoing stress is a cause of many negative aspects in poultry production like reduced performance, and increased incidence of infectious and noninfectious diseases. Considering recent EU policy of excluding antibiotics and other medicinal products from animal feed, because of the well known dangers of resistant microorganisms, nutritional solutions will gradually become the most likely alternative in intensive production systems. Nutritive solutions include the use of biologically active components of feed which are called nutricines or functional food. Most important nutricines include different molecules like antioxidants, enzymes, emulsifiers, carotenoids, organic acids and non-digestible oligosaccharides. The function of nutricines in the animal organism can be described in several different ways. Organic acids and antioxidants maintain feed quality, while enzymes help with the digestion and the level of nutrient utilization. Carotenoids have a stimulative effect on the immune system which reduces the incidence of disease. Non-digestible carbohydrates and organic acids modulate the micropopulation of the digestive tract by supporting the proliferation of beneficial microorganisms and reducing the incidence of digestive disorders. By controlling oxidative stress, antioxidants have a direct effect on the health of the animals in the intensive production, and have a certain effect on meat quality. This review article will focus on recent findings in interaction of nutricines and stress, and their influence on health and performance in intensive poultry production systems
Pokazatelji rasta, vrijednosti lipida u serumu i masnokiselinskog sastava razliÄitih tkiva tovnih piliÄa hranjenih hranom obogaÄenom lanenim uljem tijekom produženog tova.
The influence of enriching the diet of chicken with 5% of linseed oil as a vegetable source of n3 fatty acids in the form of linolenic acid on the accumulation of n3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in different tissues was investigated. The fatty acid profile of the different tissues reflected dietary fatty acid profile. In general, the birds fed linseed oil showed a significant difference in the summarized value of n3 fatty acid (P<0.001) for thigh and adipose tissue. The increase in n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (P<0.001) resulted in a significant decrease in n6 fatty acids (P<0.001) and n6/n3 ratio (P<0.001) in thigh and adipose tissue. The observed n6/n3 ratio in the edible tissue (thigh) of linseed oil fed birds in a prolonged feeding period was in accordance with dietary recommendations for human nutrition.U radu je istraživan utjecaj 5% dodatka lanenog ulja u hranu za piliÄe u produženom tovu na pokazatelje rasta, vrijednosti lipida u serumu te masnokiselinski sastav. U pokus je bilo ukljuÄeno 30 Ross 308 tovnih piliÄa, koji su bili podijeljeni u dvije skupine od po 15 jedinki. Prva je skupina piliÄa u periodu od 25. do 55. dana dobivala hranu obogaÄenu s 5% lanenog ulja, dok je druga skupina u istom periodu dobivala hranu s 5% suncokretovog ulja. Zabilježene vrijednosti proizvodnih rezultata i vrijednosti lipida u serumu pokazale su da nema znaÄajne razlike izmeÄu pokusnih skupina piliÄa. Masnokiselinski sastav pojedinih tkiva podložan je promjenama ovisno o sastavu hrane Å”to je potvrÄeno i ovim istraživanjem. Kod skupine piliÄa hranjenih dodatkom 5% lanenog ulja utvrÄena je znaÄajna razlika ukupnih vrijednosti n3 masnih kiselina (P<0,001) u miÅ”iÄju batka i trbuÅ”nom masnom tkivu. PoveÄanje n3 viÅ”estruko nezasiÄenih masnih kiselina (PUFA) (P<0,001) rezultira znaÄajnim smanjenjem n6 masnih kiselina (P<0,001) i n6/n3 omjerom u miÅ”iÄju batka i masnom tkivu. Omjer n6/n3 koji smo utvrdili kod tovnih piliÄa hranjenih lanenim uljem tijekom produženog razdoblja tova u skladu je s preporukama Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije
Pokazatelji rasta, vrijednosti lipida u serumu i masnokiselinskog sastava razliÄitih tkiva tovnih piliÄa hranjenih hranom obogaÄenom lanenim uljem tijekom produženog tova.
The influence of enriching the diet of chicken with 5% of linseed oil as a vegetable source of n3 fatty acids in the form of linolenic acid on the accumulation of n3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in different tissues was investigated. The fatty acid profile of the different tissues reflected dietary fatty acid profile. In general, the birds fed linseed oil showed a significant difference in the summarized value of n3 fatty acid (P<0.001) for thigh and adipose tissue. The increase in n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (P<0.001) resulted in a significant decrease in n6 fatty acids (P<0.001) and n6/n3 ratio (P<0.001) in thigh and adipose tissue. The observed n6/n3 ratio in the edible tissue (thigh) of linseed oil fed birds in a prolonged feeding period was in accordance with dietary recommendations for human nutrition.U radu je istraživan utjecaj 5% dodatka lanenog ulja u hranu za piliÄe u produženom tovu na pokazatelje rasta, vrijednosti lipida u serumu te masnokiselinski sastav. U pokus je bilo ukljuÄeno 30 Ross 308 tovnih piliÄa, koji su bili podijeljeni u dvije skupine od po 15 jedinki. Prva je skupina piliÄa u periodu od 25. do 55. dana dobivala hranu obogaÄenu s 5% lanenog ulja, dok je druga skupina u istom periodu dobivala hranu s 5% suncokretovog ulja. Zabilježene vrijednosti proizvodnih rezultata i vrijednosti lipida u serumu pokazale su da nema znaÄajne razlike izmeÄu pokusnih skupina piliÄa. Masnokiselinski sastav pojedinih tkiva podložan je promjenama ovisno o sastavu hrane Å”to je potvrÄeno i ovim istraživanjem. Kod skupine piliÄa hranjenih dodatkom 5% lanenog ulja utvrÄena je znaÄajna razlika ukupnih vrijednosti n3 masnih kiselina (P<0,001) u miÅ”iÄju batka i trbuÅ”nom masnom tkivu. PoveÄanje n3 viÅ”estruko nezasiÄenih masnih kiselina (PUFA) (P<0,001) rezultira znaÄajnim smanjenjem n6 masnih kiselina (P<0,001) i n6/n3 omjerom u miÅ”iÄju batka i masnom tkivu. Omjer n6/n3 koji smo utvrdili kod tovnih piliÄa hranjenih lanenim uljem tijekom produženog razdoblja tova u skladu je s preporukama Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije
Biokemijski pokazatelji koÅ”tane pregradnje kod paÅ”nih mlijeÄnih ovaca tijekom kasne gravidnosti i laktacije i njihova korelacija s IGF-I.
We investigated the influence of late pregnancy and lactation on bone metabolism in grazing dairy sheep, by measuring concentrations of minerals and bone markers in blood serum. The research was performed on ten cross-breed ewes (Istrian Ć East-Friesian). The concentrations of total Ca, inorganic P, total Mg, the activity of total alkaline phosphatase (AP) and bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), concentrations of carboxyterminal crosslinked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx), insulin-like growth factor - I (IGF-I) and 17- Ī² estradiol (E2) were determined in the blood serum. The results showed significantly lower Ca concentrations in blood during lactation and P concentrations in the period of late lactation. Late lactation was characterized by the lowest CTx concentration and higher BAP activity. The obtained results are related to a decrease in the degree of bone resorption and an increase in the deposition of minerals in the bone tissue during late lactation. The increased concentration of CTx, with the simultaneous decrease in BAP activity in the period of late pregnancy and early lactation indicate a high magnitude of bone resorption. The concentration of IGF-I in the blood serum of the ewes is positively correlated with the activities of the total AP and BAP and the total Ca and Mg, which could be related to the activity of IGF-I on the osteoblasts and the release of minerals from the bones. The results of the present study show a relationship between concentrations of IGF-I and bone remodelling markers in the blood serum of dairy ewes, and their mutual correlation with changes in estradiol concentration.Istražen je uÄinak kasne gravidnosti i laktacije na koÅ”tani metabolizam mlijeÄnih ovaca mjerenjem koncentracije minerala i biokemijskih pokazatelja koÅ”tane pregradnje. Istraživanje je provedeno na deset križanih ovaca (istarska Ć istoÄnofrizijska). Mjerene su koncentracije ukupnog kalcija, anorganskog fosfora, ukupnog magnezija, c-terminalnog telopeptida kolagena tipa I (CTx), inzulinu sliÄnog faktora rasta - I (IGF-I) i 17-Ī² estradiola (E2) te aktivnost ukupne (AP) i koÅ”tano specifiÄne alkalne fosfataze (BAP) u krvnom serumu. Rezultati su pokazali znaÄajno niže koncentracije kalcija u krvnom serumu tijekom laktacije i fosfora tijekom kasne laktacije. Kasna laktacija pokazala je najnižu vrijednost CTx i viÅ”u aktivnost BAP. Dobiveni rezultati upuÄuju na smanjenje opsega koÅ”tane razgradnje i poviÅ”eno odlaganje minerala u koÅ”tano tkivo tijekom kasne laktacije. ViÅ”a koncentracija CTx, uz istovremeno smanjenje aktivnosti BAP u serumu tijekom kasne gravidnosti i rane laktacije upuÄuju na visoki opseg razgradnje koÅ”tanog tkiva. Koncentracija IGF-I u krvnom je serumu bila u pozitvnoj korelaciji s aktivnoÅ”Äu AP, BAP, te koncentracijama ukupnog kalcija i magnezija, Å”to može biti povezano s uÄinkom IGF-I na osteoblaste i otpuÅ”tanje minerala iz kostiju. Dobiveni rezultati pokazali su povezanost izmeÄu koncentracije IGF-I i biomarkera koÅ”tane pregradnje u krvnome serumu mlijeÄnih ovaca, kao i njihovu zajedniÄku korelaciju s koncentracijama estradiola
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