Calibration unit for spirometer

Úkolem semestrálního projektu bylo seznámit se s metodami kalibrací spirometru a vytvoření kalibračního přípravku. Kalibrační přípravek musí být schopen kalibrovat jak podle objemu, tak podle rychlosti. Za tím účelem bude manuální kalibrační válec opatřen krokovým motorem připevněným k pístu válce. Dále bude vytvořena deska plošného spoje s ovládacím programem pro řízení krokového motoru. Řídicí systém bude obsahovat 16 různých možností pro volbu rychlosti pístu.The task of the semester project was to become acquainted with methods of calibrating the spirometer and creating a calibration unit. Calibration unit must be able to calibrate both by volume and by speed. Because of that, the manual calibration of calibration cylinder is provided with a stepper motor mounted to the cylinder piston. The designed PCB will also be controlled by a program to control a stepper motor. The control system will contain 16 different options of selecting the speed of the piston

Development of fictional world in Petr Zelenka drama

Katedra české literaturyFaculty of EducationPedagogická fakult

Gas evolution of GEOPOL (R) W sand mixture and comparison with organic binders

The article deals with the gas development of the geopolymer binder system hardened by heal and provides the comparison with organic binder systems. The GEOPOL (R) W technology is completely inorganic binder system, based on water. This fact allow that the gas generated during pouring is based on water vapour only. No dangerous emissions, fumes or unpleasant odours are developed. The calculated amount of water vapour generated from GEOPOL (R) W sand mixture is 1.9 cm(3)/g. The measured volume of gas for GEOPOL (R) W is 4.3 cm(3)/g. The measurement of gas evolution proves that the inorganic binder system GEOPOL (R) W generates very low volume of gas (water vapour) in comparison with PUR cold box amine and Croning. The amount of gas is several times lower than PUR cold box amine (3.7x) and Croning (4.2x). The experiment results are consistent with the literature sources. The difference between the calculated and the measured gas volume is justified by the reverse moisture absorption from the air after dehydration during storing and preparing the sand samples. Minimal generated volumes of gas/water vapour brings, mainly as was stated no dangerous emissions, also the following advantages: minimal risk of bubble defects creation, the good castings without defects, reduced costs for exhaust air treatment, no condensates on dies, reduced costs for cleaning.Web of Science192544

Fast Real-Time Data Exchange among Distributed Control System of STATCOM Installation

SGS-2021-021Power installations based on power converters in power transmission and power distribution require real-time control which is usually implementing using multiple control units. Therefore, very fast data exchange within constant sampling periods across whole control system is needed. This paper deals with the development and implementation of a specific communication protocol for an embedded modular control system. The communication protocol employs LVDS bus and it is designed for fast data exchange between master and slave control units. The protocol is used in control system REMCS of a STATCOM of 1.35MVA installed in distribution power grid of 22 kV

Ablation of single-crystalline cesium iodide by extreme ultraviolet capillary-discharge laser

Extreme ultraviolet (XUV) capillary-discharge lasers (CDLs) are a suitable source for the efficient, clean ablation of ionic crystals, which are obviously difficult to ablate with conventional, long-wavelength lasers. In the present study, a single crystal of cesium iodide (CsI) was irradiated by multiple, focused 1.5-ns pulses of 46.9-nm radiation delivered from a compact XUV-CDL device operated at either 2-Hz or 3-Hz repetition rates. The ablation rates were determined from the depth of the craters produced by the accumulation of laser pulses. Langmuir probes were used to diagnose the plasma plume produced by the focused XUV-CDL beam. Both the electron density and electron temperature were sufficiently high to confirm that ablation was the key process in the observed CsI removal. Moreover, a CsI thin film on MgO substrate was prepared by XUV pulsed laser deposition; a fraction of the film was detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.Web of Science65421020

Real-time spatial characterization of micrometer-sized X-ray free-electron laser beams focused by bendable mirrors

A real-time and accurate characterization of the X-ray beam size is essential to enable a large variety of different experiments at free-electron laser facilities. Typically, ablative imprints are employed to determine shape and size of μm-focused X-ray beams. The high accuracy of this state-of-the-art method comes at the expense of the time required to perform an ex-situ image analysis. In contrast, diffraction at a curved grating with suitably varying period and orientation forms a magnified image of the X-ray beam, which can be recorded by a 2D pixelated detector providing beam size and pointing jitter in real time. In this manuscript, we compare results obtained with both techniques, address their advantages and limitations, and demonstrate their excellent agreement. We present an extensive characterization of the FEL beam focused to ≈1 μm by two Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) mirrors, along with optical metrology slope profiles demonstrating their exceptionally high quality. This work provides a systematic and comprehensive study of the accuracy provided by curved gratings in real-time imaging of X-ray beams at a free-electron laser facility. It is applied here to soft X-rays and can be extended to the hard X-ray range. Furthermore, curved gratings, in combination with a suitable detector, can provide spatial properties of μm-focused X-ray beams at MHz repetition rate

Role of heat accumulation in the multi-shot damage of silicon irradiated with femtosecond XUV pulses at a 1 MHz repetition rate

The role played by heat accumulation in multi-shot damage of silicon was studied. Bulk silicon samples were exposed to intense XUV monochromatic radiation of a 13.5 nm wavelength in a series of 400 femtosecond pulses, repeated with a 1 MHz rate (pulse trains) at the FLASH facility in Hamburg. The observed surface morphological and structural modifications are formed as a result of sample surface melting. Modifications are threshold dependent on the mean fluence of the incident pulse train, with all threshold values in the range of approximately 36-40 mJ/cm². Experimental data is supported by a theoretical model described by the heat diffusion equation. The threshold for reaching the melting temperature (45 mJ/cm²) and liquid state (54 mJ/cm²), estimated from this model, is in accordance with experimental values within measurement error. The model indicates a significant role of heat accumulation in surface modification processes

Anorganicky vázaný Se a kmín kořenný (Carum carvi) v dietě pomalu rostoucích kuřat

The thesis deals with inorganically bound selenium and carraway in the diet of slow growing chickens. The thesis is divided into two parts - a theoretical part and a practical part. The theoretical part deals with the anatomy of the digestive tract of the domestic chicken, nutrition and feeding of slow-growing chickens, then selenium in the diet of broilers, and finally caraway (Carum Carvi) in animal diets. The practical part of the thesis deals with an experiment carried out on 144 slow-growing roosters of the hybrid breed Hubbard JA 57 A. These broilers were divided into 4 groups according to the addition of ingredients to the feed. The first group (n=36) was the control and had no additive in the diet. The second group (n=36) had an addition of 0.4 mg/kg inorganically bound selenium in the diet. The third group (n=36) had selenium supplemented with 1% caraway. The feed ration of the fourth group (n=36) contained only the addition of 1 % caraway. The aim was to investigate the effect of inorganically bound selenium and caraway on feed consumption, feed conversion, animal weights during and at the end of fattening, carcass and main cut parts yield, blood plasma selenium content and blood biochemical parameters. From the above results, it is evident that the effect of addition of selenium and caraway to the feed mixture of broiler chickens, was not statistically proven (P>0.05) in feed consumption, feed conversion, weight of chickens, carcass and major cut parts yield and blood biochemical parameters. On the other hand, there was statistical evidence (P<0.05) of the effect of inorganic selenium supplementation on the groups compared to the groups without such supplementation

The issue of ESB as part of SOA solution

The thesis summarizes the history of enterprise application integration and shows the estimated benefits and risks that arise from attempts to harmonize corporate IT infrastructure. It also describes the main approaches to the integration and evaluates their resistance in terms of time. The thesis relates a modern interpretation of the integration of SOA (Service Oriented Architecture), including related standards. Particular attention is paid to the life cycle of services in SOA. It explains possible approaches and key principles of communication layer integrated business application system in terms of architectural design. The last part of the thesis examines for opportunities, risks and benefits of system application integration within the SOA implementation and assesses the economics of integration and the question of the investment protection