The linguistic dimension of gender equality: a human rights perspective

The subject-matter of this essay is gender justice in language which, as I argue, may be achieved through the development of a gender-related approach to linguistic human rights. The last decades of the 20th century, globally marked by a “gender shift” in attitudes to language policy, gave impetus to the social movement for promoting linguistic gender equality. It was initiated in Western Europe and nowadays is moving eastwards, as ideas of gender democracy progress into developing countries. But, while in western societies gender discrimination through language, or linguistic sexism, was an issue of concern for over three decades, in developing countries efforts to promote gender justice in language are only in their infancy. My argument is that to promote gender justice in language internationally it is necessary to acknowledge the rights of women and men to equal representation of their gender in language and speech and, therefore, raise a question of linguistic rights of the sexes. My understanding is that the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Linguistic Rights in 1996 provided this opportunity to address the problem of gender justice in language as a human rights issue, specifically as a gender dimension of linguistic human rights.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Costs and Benefits of Labour Migration for Ukrainian Transnational Families: Connection or Consumption?

The collapse of the socialist system in late 1980’s - early 1990’s, the breaking up of the USSR and the subsequent transition of post-soviet states to the market economy provided the populations with greater freedom of movement and increased mobility. Internal and external labour migration became a significant factor of socio-economic transformation and an efficient tool in the regulation of the labour force. Over the last decade, economic migration with the purpose of employment abroad took on a global character in Ukraine. It affected all sides of societal life and had a dramatic impact on the family as a major subject of social reproduction. The current paper examines the effects of external labour mobility on social reorganization of the Ukrainian family over the 1990s and early 2000s. It traces the evolution of family ideology, values and attitudes; spotlights current changes in family models and functions; examines transformations of consumption patterns and household structures; and analyses continuity and disruptions of family traditions in a foreign setting. Furthermore, it sheds light on the impact of the receiving culture on the lifestyles and world-views of the Ukrainian family and identifies consequences of this influence, with an accent on the attitudinal and ideological significance of intercultural exchange. The paper concludes with a variety of measures and actions necessary for the formation of a more integrated understanding of Ukrainian migration policy and its efficient practical implementation.L'effondrement du système socialiste à la fin des années quatre-vingt, début des années quatre-vingt-dix et le démantèlement de l'URSS ont conduit à une plus grande liberté de mouvement et un accroissement effectif de la mobilité de la population. La migration interne et externe de main-d'œuvre est devenue un facteur important des transformations socio-économiques de ces pays et un outil efficace de gestion de l’emploi dans une situation de crise. En Ukraine, au cours de la dernière décennie, la migration de travail à l’étranger a acquis un caractère global : elle touche tous les aspects de la vie de la société et a eu un impact considérable sur la famille en tant que vecteur de la reproduction sociale. L’article examine l'effet de l’émigration de travail sur la réorganisation de la famille ukrainienne à la fin du XXe et début du XXIe siècles : il retrace l'évolution de la structure familiale, l'idéologie y afférant, les valeurs promues et des attitudes individuelles comme des expressions de l’évolution du modèle familial. L’analyse examine les transformations des modes de consommation et la structure des ménages, des perceptions et des altérations du modèle traditionnel dans les familles transnationales. En outre, elle met en lumière l'impact de la culture des pays d’accueil sur les modes de vie et les visions du monde au sein de la famille ukrainienne, et identifie les conséquences de cette influence. En conclusion, l'auteur propose un ensemble de mesures et activités utiles à une approche plus intégrée du phénomène migratoire ukrainien

Evolution of institutional framework focusing on migration and asylum issues in Ukraine since 1991

There are all the grounds to concur with the observation that although institutional changes in migration area in Ukraine have been discussed and planned for several years, they are still not in full effect1 . A plethora of research focusing on the institutional mechanisms of migration management in the country2 pinpointed to the notorious tendency of administration for frequent reorganizations of its governmental bodies and their responsibilities in the area of migration. This created challenges to a precise distribution of responsibilities between agencies, especially in what concerns immigration and asylum policies. Such frequent changes have also entailed some confusion with regard to the specification of particular agency/department responsible for some migrants’ detention centers. In early–mid 2000-s this ambiguous situation has spurred a heated debate over the issue of the necessity for the country to have a unified authorized body responsible exclusively for issues of migration policy and management3 . The issue was obtaining even greater prominence in view of the changing migratory status of Ukraine throughout the years of state independence: if in the beginning of economic reforms it was perceived mainly a sending country for its surplus labor force, then after the EU Eastern enlargement in 2004 it started transforming itself into a transit country and was increasingly becoming a receiving country for migrants. Yet, in the absence of a well-defined migration policy and proper infrastructure for migration management, such processes as mass outflows of Ukrainian labour, accompanied by in-flows of aliens into the country, especially those undocumented ones, ambiguity of their status and the use of their labour without formal regulations, can entail the risk of losing control over migration fluxes4 .Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration (CARIM-East) is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Unio

Migration rhetoric in the programs of Ukrainian political parties

According to Ukrainian politicians, in Ukraine the topic of migration became relevant at the parliamentary level during the Orange revolution of 2004, as “in the course of voting it suddenly turned out that some citizens who are in the voting lists in fact do not reside in Ukraine. And society (some people with horror, some with surprise) found out that the country is short of several – in fact many – million citizens”1Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration (CARIM-East) is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Unio

Public debate on the law on refugees in Ukraine

On July 2011 the National Parliament of Ukraine adopted the Law of Ukraine “On refugees and persons who need complementary or temporary protection”. Its adoption was an important step forward in terms of bringing the national legislation in compliance with international standards and regulations. Thus, it has taken into consideration the provisions of the Convention on refugees’ status of 1951, Protocol on the Status of Refugees of 1967, and strategic documents on migration issues adopted by the Council of Europe and the European Union. Furthermore, it introduced a cluster of significant innovations regulating the procedure of allocating the legal status to foreign nationals and persons with no citizenship and enabled a better protection of rights of refugees and asylum seekers. However, the expert community expressed concerns regarding a number of shortcomings in the Law. Thus, one of the most challenging issues was the actual possibilities for the practical implementation of the Law. The paper outlines the public debate on the Law which exposed a diversity of opinions by both supporters and opposers to the Law. The general conclusion is that the Law is an important step of the state on the way to quality reformation of the current Ukrainian legislation in the area of immigration, which will draw it in compliance with international standards and norms and enhance democratic developments in the society.Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration (CARIM-East) is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Unio

State policy on emigration and diasporas in Ukraine

The dissolution of the socialist system in the early 1990s resulted in crucial quantitative and qualitative transformations in post-Soviet society. One of the determinants of the status of a person in a newly-shaped social hierarchy was individual mobility: social, economic, occupational, and geographical1 . The propensity for economic mobility, in search of employment became an indispensable survival skill for millions of impoverished people2 . Hence, an increasing transnationalism has been observable in society, accompanied by a growing wave of emigration. According to IOM3 , in absolute numbers, the pull of Ukrainian nationals residing abroad approached 6 million, while BMP data4 are even more impressive – 10 million.Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration (CARIM-East) is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Unio

The Ukrainian Migratory Corridor

Improving EU and US Immigration Systems' Capacity for Responding to Global Challenges: Learning from experiencesThe paper discusses recent developments in Ukrainian migratory corridor, focusing on transit migration, a reality that has emerged since independence. It analyzes push and pull factors underpinning the rise in mobility which followed the downfall of the Soviet Union, traces the different ways that migrants enter Ukraine and examines routes followed by them in entering Europe, transiting through Ukraine. It will be demonstrated that the Ukrainian migratory corridor comprises multiple channels, chains, paths and routes which turn the country into a sort of a ‘migratory highway’ in the very heart of Europe. The paper examines core groups of non-nationals residing in Ukraine and discusses their human rights and safety conditions. It reviews issues pertaining to cooperation between Ukraine and the European Union in the area of migration control, placing emphasis on the effectiveness of current European policies regarding border management there. The present paper argues that the EU and Ukraine should make more efforts to mainstream human rights and security considerations into their bilateral cooperation and add more political will and mutual trust to enable fruitful dialogue on migration matters