Prevalence of Serum Antibodies against Six Leptospira Serovars in Buffaloes in Tabriz, Northwestern Iran

Leptospirosis is an important zoonotic infectious and its prevalence is unknown in buffalo in Iran particularly in Tabriz, northwest of the country. To survey the prevalence of Leptospira infection in buffaloes in Tabriz, blood samples were collected from 85 female buffaloes slaughtered in Tabriz industrial slaughterhouse from December 2008 to November 2009. Sera were stored at -20°C until they were examined. Sera were initially screened at serum dilution of 1:100 against six live antigens of Leptospira interrogans, Pomona, Canicola, Hardjo, Ballum, Icterohaemorrhagiae and Grippotyphosa by using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT).The samples were considered positive if 50% or more of agglutination of leptospire in a dilution tests serum of l:100 were observed. 30 serums (35.29%) at dilution 1:100 were positive against 1 or 2 of serovars. the highest prevalent serovar in buffalo was Grippotyphosa (51.3%), and fallowed whit Pomona (29.7%), canicola (10.8%) and Icterohaemorrhagiae (8.1%). All of the samples were seronegative for serovar Ballum and Hardjo. Statistical analysis of the results showed that the rates of the infection in the autumn-winter and spring–summer didn't have significant difference (p > 0/05). The rate of the infection has been statistically increased with the aging (p<0/05) and the animals with 3 and 4 pair's permanent teeth had the highest infection rates. The serological infection rate in buffaloes in Tabriz is relatively high and it appears that it is because of living type of buffaloes in water and swamp, thus consequently the preventive methods must be applied to control of the disease

Učinak dodanog ribljeg ulja i vitamina E na reproduktivnu sposobnost i metabolički profil mliječnih krava tijekom prijelaznog razdoblja

The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of oral supplementation of dairy cows with a combination of fish oil and vitamin E (Vit E) from approximately 7 days (d) before the expected calving date up to 21 days postpartum, on their reproductive performance and metabolic profile. Eighty Holstein multiparous cows were randomly assigned into one of two ration groups during the transitional period. The treatment group cows (n=40) received a transitional diet (pre-and post-partum based on the NRC 2001) supplemented with fish oil (FO, 100 g/ once per day +Vit E (8000IU/kg/d); and the control cows (n=40) received the same concentrate without FO. Blood samples were collected at 1 week before the expected calving date, and 1, 2 and 3 weeks postpartum. After a voluntary waiting period, all cows received timed artificial insemination (TAI) at 76-81 days in milk (DIM) following the PresynchOvSynch protocol. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 30-40 days after TAI using a transrectal ultrasonography. Our results showed that the cows fed the FO+Vit E diet had a statistically higher first service pregnancy rate (46.3 % vs. 39.6%, P<0.001) at 30-40 days after TAI than those fed the control diet. Also, cows that consumed the FO+Vit E treatment diet had lower late embryo loss at 40-70 days post insemination than the control. Plasma concentrations of triglycerides (d7, 14, and 21), cholesterol (d7 and 14), glucose (d14), insulin (d-7) progesterone (d14 and 21) in the treatment group were higher (P<0.05) compared to the cows fed control diets. Non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels were not significantly affected by the dietary treatments pre-partum, while β –hydroxybutirate acids (BHBA) levels on day 21 (P<0.05) were higher in the control group. The results indicated that supplementation of the diet with fatty acid and high doses of vitamin E could improve reproductive performance in dairy cattle.Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi učinak peroralnog dodavanja kombinacije ribljeg ulja i vitamina E (VIT E) u obroke mliječnih krava. Dodavanje je započelo približno 7 dana (d) prije očekivanog teljenja i trajalo do 21. dana nakon teljenja, a učinci su procijenjeni s obzirom na reproduktivnu sposobnost i metabolički profil krava. Osamdeset višeteltki pasmine holštajn nasumično je raspoređeno u dvije brojčano ujednačene skupine tijekom prijelaznog razdoblja. Eksperimentalna skupina (n = 40) primila je hranu za prijelazno razdoblje (prije i poslije teljenja na temelju NRC 2001) dopunjenu (FO) ribljim uljem 100 g/jednom dnevno i vitaminom E 8000IU/kg/d. Krave iz kontrolne skupine (n = 40) primile su istu hranu za prijelazno razdoblje bez FO. Uzorci krvi krava prikupljeni su 1 tjedan prije očekivanog datuma teljenja te 1, 2 i 3 tjedna nakon teljenja. Servisno razdoblje svih krava završilo je umjetnim osjemenjivanjem (TAI) koje je prema protokolu Presynch-OvSynch provedeno od 76. do 81. dana laktacije (DIM). Provjera gravidnosti provedena je transrektalnim ultrazvukom 30-40 dana nakon umjetnog osjemenjivanja. Naši rezultati pokazuju da su nakon 1. pripusta 30.-40. dana nakon umjetnog osjemenjivanja krave eksperimentalne skupine (FO + VIT E dodatak) imale statistički višu stopu gravidnosti u odnosu na krave kontrolne skupine (46,3% prema 39,6%, P<0,001). Također, krave koje su primile FO + VIT E dodatak prehrani imale su u odnosu na krave kontrolne skupine manje kasne gubitke embrija 40-70 dana nakon osjemenjivanja. Koncentracije triglicerida (dani 7., 14. i 21.), kolesterola (dani 7. i 14.), glukoze (dan 14.), inzulina (dan 7.) progesterona (dani 14. i 21.) u plazmi krava iz eksperimentalne skupine bile su više (P<0,05) u usporedbi s plazmom krava kontrolne skupine. Prenatalni dodaci prehrani nisu znakovito utjecali na razine neesterificiranih masnih kiselina (NEFA), a razine β hidroksibutirat kiselina (BHBA) 21. dana bile su više (P<0,05) u kontrolnoj skupini. Rezultati su pokazali da bi dopuna prehrane masnim kiselinama i visokim dozama vitamina E mogla poboljšati reproduktivnu sposobnost mliječnih krava

Prevalence of Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Buffaloes in East Azerbaijan, Northwestern Iran

Bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) has a worldwide distribution, but its prevalence in different regions of Iran is unknown. In this study, for the first time, the presence of BIV infections is detected by using the PCR method in Iranian water buffalo in East Azerbaijan. For this matter, blood samples were taken from 83 randomly selected buffaloes slaughtered in Tabriz industrial slaughterhouse from June to October 2012. All of the animals were clinically examined before sampling. Viral Gene-spin™ Viral DNA/RNA Extraction Kit was used to extract the DNA, and PCR was performed on the extracted DNA using oligonucleotiode primers specific for the gag gene region of the BIV virus. The prevalence of BIV in buffaloes was 2.4% (2 of 83), which is less than the prevalence of BIV in Pakistan (10.3%) and India (19%). The low prevalence observed in this study may be due to our small sample size

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ANN AND ANFIS MODELS FOR PREDICTING TEMPERATURE IN MACHINING

The Mechanism of heat generation at the cutting region (tool-workpiece interface) during machining processes is a highly complicated phenomenon and depends on many process parameters. Elevated temperature during the machining process is a root cause of residual stress on the machined part as well as a cause of rapid tool wear. Although several methods have been developed to measure the temperature in machining, the in-situ application of these methods has many technical problems and restrictions. As a result, the utilization of computational methods to predict temperature in machining is very demanding. In this paper, the artificial intelligent models known as Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) were used to model and predict the temperature in machining. Several experiments were conducted to validate these models. These experiments were carried out on thin-walled AL7075 work pieces to investigate the effect of different machining parameters on temperature in turning. A thermal imaging Infrared (IR) camera was used to measure the temperature of the cutting area during machining. With respect to experimental data, the ANN and ANFIS models were developed and the results obtained from those models were then compared to the experimental results to evaluate the performance of the models. According to the results, the ANFIS model is superior to the ANN model in terms the accurate and reliable prediction of temperature in machining

Practical Use of ChatGPT in Psychiatry for Treatment Plan and Psychoeducation

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized various fields, including medicine and mental health support. One promising application is ChatGPT, an advanced conversational AI model that uses deep learning techniques to provide human-like responses. This review paper explores the potential impact of ChatGPT in psychiatry and its various applications, highlighting its role in therapy and counseling techniques, self-help and coping strategies, mindfulness and relaxation techniques, screening and monitoring, education and information dissemination, specialized support, group and family support, learning and training, expressive and artistic therapies, telepsychiatry and online support, and crisis management and prevention. While ChatGPT offers personalized, accessible, and scalable support, it is essential to emphasize that it should not replace the expertise and guidance of qualified mental health professionals. Ethical considerations, such as user privacy, data security, and human oversight, are also discussed. By examining the potential and challenges, this paper sheds light on the responsible integration of ChatGPT in psychiatric research and practice, fostering improved mental health outcomes

Whole Transcriptome-Based Skin Virome Profiling in Typical Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis Reveals α-, β-, and γ-HPV Infections

HPVs are DNA viruses include approximately 450 types that are classified into 5 genera (α-, β-, γ-, μ-, and ν-HPV). The γ- and β-HPVs are present in low copy numbers in healthy individuals; however, in patients with an inborn error of immunity, certain species of β-HPVs can cause epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV), manifesting as recalcitrant cutaneous warts and skin cancer. EV presents as either typical or atypical. Manifestations of typical EV are limited to the skin and are caused by abnormal keratinocyte-intrinsic immunity to β-HPVs due to pathogenic sequence variants in TMC6, TMC8, or CIB1. We applied a transcriptome-based computational pipeline, VirPy, to RNA extracted from normal-appearing skin and wart samples of patients with typical EV to explore the viral and human genetic determinants. In 26 patients, 9 distinct biallelic mutations were detected in TMC6, TMC8, and CIB1, 7 of which are previously unreported to our knowledge. Additionally, 20 different HPV species, including 3 α-HPVs, 16 β-HPVs, and 1 γ-HPV, were detected, 8 of which are reported here for the first time to our knowledge in patients with EV (β-HPV-37, -47, -80, -151, and -159; α-HPV-2 and -57; and γ-HPV-128). This study expands the TMC6, TMC8, and CIB1 sequence variant spectrum and implicates new HPV subtypes in the pathogenesis of typical EV

Comparative study of ann and anfis models for predicting temperature in machining

The Mechanism of heat generation at the cutting region (tool-workpiece interface) during machining processes is a highly complicated phenomenon and depends on many process parameters. Elevated temperature during the machining process is a root cause of residual stress on the machined part as well as a cause of rapid tool wear. Although several methods have been developed to measure the temperature in machining, the in-situ application of these methods has many technical problems and restrictions. As a result, the utilization of computational methods to predict temperature in machining is very demanding. In this paper, the artificial intelligent models known as Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) were used to model and predict the temperature in machining. Several experiments were conducted to validate these models. These experiments were carried out on thin-walled AL7075 work pieces to investigate the effect of different machining parameters on temperature in turning. A thermal imaging Infrared (IR) camera was used to measure the temperature of the cutting area during machining. With respect to experimental data, the ANN and ANFIS models were developed and the results obtained from those models were then compared to the experimental results to evaluate the performance of the models. According to the results, the ANFIS model is superior to the ANN model in terms the accurate and reliable prediction of temperature in machining

Scenarios forIntelligent Control and Monitoring of WehiclesUsing the Internet of Things

Smart transport is an indispensable necessity in today's smart cities. In this thesis, six scenarios were implemented based on intelligent transportation. In the first scenario, the speed control process was implemented. In the second and third scenarios, the process of traffic planning was even and odd. In the fourth scenario, the vehicle relief system was implemented. In the fifth scenario, an emergency relief system was implemented. In the sixth scenario, the message was executed at the time of the car theft. The message delivery process has been fully implemented in the smart city area so that all vehicles in the smart transport process receive the message. An access point is called an access point whose task is to send a message. Given that the number of messages sent to the network decreases, there are two advantages to the low cost of sending messages as well as full coverage. So instead of sending the message directly to each car individually, the messages are sent to the roadside equipment and then sent to the vehicles passing the road through the roadside equipment. This roadside equipment is called fixed nodes. Certainly, sending messages to all these fixed nodes is not optimal and has two major drawbacks. The first disadvantage is that a car may cross several fixed target nodes and receive all of these fixed target nodes of the message. Also the second problem is that the number of messages received creates terrible statistics and imposes a computational overhead. So the solution to this problem is to select some of these fixed nodes as the target constant node. Only send the message to fixed target nodes and send it to the cars passing by. The first challenge of this thesis is the selection of these target constant nodes, which is implemented using the fuzzy ranked idealized programming algorithm. After solving the first challenge due to the communication board problem in the car network, the challenge of routing the message from the access point to the fixed node is raised. The solution to this challenge is computed using the Dijkstra algorithm and compared with the eTGMD algorithm in terms of message delivery rate, delivery delay, number of packets used, and number of fixed target nodes. The results of the proposed algorithm show a good and optimal improvement over the eTGMD algorithm

Evaluation of the occurrence of Salmonella serovars and its Antibiotic Susceptibility in Apparently Healthy domestic animals in rural areas of East Azerbaijan province

Background and Aim: Salmonellosis is one of the more common zoonotic diseases that cause diarrhea and systemic infections. Today, antimicrobial resistances are one of the major health problems in human and veterinary medicine which are more in rural areas. The aim of this study was investigation of presence and antimicrobial resistance profile of Salmonella species in domestic animals which were herd in rural areas (East Azerbaijan province). Material and Methods: In this study a total number of 250 samples were obtained from domestic ruminant (Including 100 cows, 50 sheep, 50 goat and 50 buffalo) in rural areas. The feces and rectal swab specimens cultured in enrichment and selective media and isolates were characterized by biochemical test and stereotyped by O and H antisera. Salmonella isolates were tested for sensitivities to routine antibiotic by method of Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results and Conclusions: Out of two hundred and fifty samples tested, 15 (6%) were identified as Salmonella strains including S. dublin (7 cases), S. typhimurium (5 cases) and S. enteritidis (3 cases). Many isolates proved multi antibiotic resistance (MAR). In overall, isolating multiple antibiotic resistance Salmonella species at high rates showed apparently healthy ruminant might act as reservoirs and could pose an important public health threat

Effect of 12 Weeks Aerobic Training Combined with Hydroalcoholic Green Tea Extract on Cardiac Telomerase Enzyme in Aged Male Rats

Abstract Background: Telomerase activity was reduced by aging, leading to decrease in telomere length and cell death. Evidence suggests that physical activity as well as green tea has a positive effect on the prevention of cellular aging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 12 weeks aerobic training combined with green tea extract on cardiac telomerase enzyme in aged male rats. Materials and Methods: In this study, 32 aged male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, exercise, green tea and exercise + green tea. Exercise groups performed moderate intensity aerobic exercise for 12 weeks and 5 days per week; meantime, the supplementary groups consumed green tea extract. Sandwich ELISA method was used to measure the amount of telomerase. Results: The results show that telomerase enzyme in exercise group was significantly higher than control group (p= 0.001), green tea group was significantly higher than control group (p= 0.016) and in exercise + green tea group significantly higher than control group (p= 0.001) was observed. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, 12 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise with green tea extract can increased the amount of telomerase enzyme and Prevent telomere length shortening and cellular aging