Twin chromatic indices of some graphs with maximum degree 3

Let k ≥ 2 be an integer and G be a connected graph of order at least 3. A twin k-edge coloring of G is a proper edge coloring of G that uses colors from k and that induces a proper vertex coloring on G where the color of a vertex v is the sum (in k ) of the colors of the edges incident with v. The smallest integer k for which G has a twin k-edge coloring is the twin chromatic index of G and is denoted by . In this paper, we determine the twin chromatic indices of circulant graphs , and some generalized Petersen graphs such as GP(3s, k), GP(m, 2), and GP(4s, l) where n ≥ 6 and n ≡ 0 (mod 4), s ≥ 1, k ≢ 0 (mod 3), m ≥ 3 and m {4, 5}, and l is odd. Moreover, we provide some sufficient conditions for a connected graph with maximum degree 3 to have twin chromatic index greater than 3

On twin edge colorings in m-ary trees

Let k ≥ 2 be an integer and G be a connected graph of order at least 3. A twin k-edge coloring of G is a proper edge coloring of G that uses colors from ℤk and that induces a proper vertex coloring on G where the color of a vertex v is the sum (in ℤk) of the colors of the edges incident with v. The smallest integer k for which G has a twin k-edge coloring is the twin chromatic index of G and is denoted by χ′t(G). In this paper, we study the twin edge colorings in m-ary trees for m ≥ 2; in particular, the twin chromatic indexes of full m-ary trees that are not stars, r-regular trees for even r ≥ 2, and generalized star graphs that are not paths nor stars are completely determined. Moreover, our results confirm the conjecture that χ′t(G)≤Δ(G)+2 for every connected graph G (except C5) of order at least 3, for all trees of order at least 3

Survey and Assessment of Laws on the Informal Sector

This study classifies the laws affecting the informal sector and assesses the extent of the empowerment of the sector based on the provisions in the laws that allow for organization, decision making mechanisms and transfer of power from the traditional center to another. Results indicate that, to some extent, four groups within the sector are accorded empowerment through Philippine laws: the agricultural sector, small and medium enterprises, industrial home workers and cooperatives. These groups are allowed to form organizations and to participate in decision making bodies. Decision making is accorded to certain groups among informal sector, which, in some cases, comprise the majority members in decision making bodies. Nowhere among the laws is a shift of power provided from the traditional or government decision makers to the informal sector. However, certain groups within the IS have participated in the institution of some policies and the realization of programs for their own advantage.informal financial sectors, small and medium enterprises

Survey and Assessment of Laws on the Informal Sector

This study classifies the laws affecting the informal sector and assesses the extent of the empowerment of the sector based on the provisions in the laws that allow for organization, decision making mechanisms and transfer of power from the traditional center to another. Results indicate that, to some extent, four groups within the sector are accorded empowerment through Philippine laws: the agricultural sector, small and medium enterprises, industrial home workers and cooperatives. These groups are allowed to form organizations and to participate in decision making bodies. Decision making is accorded to certain groups among informal sector, which, in some cases, comprise the majority members in decision making bodies. Nowhere among the laws is a shift of power provided from the traditional or government decision makers to the informal sector. However, certain groups within the IS have participated in the institution of some policies and the realization of programs for their own advantage.informal financial sectors, small and medium enterprises

Self-perceived cultural competence. A cross-sectional study about nurses' awareness and behavior

Background: Cultural competence is a valuable and intangible heritage of knowledge, relationships and identity. Cultural competence is fundamental in nursing: sharing the objectives of all patients - not only foreigners - promotes patient's participation in healthcare and supports nurses' professional development, enhancing the intellectual capital that guides quality care. The aim of this study is to evaluate nurses' self-perceived cultural competence. Study design: This is a cross-sectional study. Methods: A self-administered cultural-competence questionnaire was used. Nurses working in hospitals and territorial healthcare settings in Rome, Italy, were involved in this study, from March 2017 to February 2018. Results: This study involved 192 nurses. The mean age was 46.2 ± 7.9. Most of the nurses (77.6%) were women. The nurses' mean work experience was 21.4 ± 8.8 years; 65.1% of them had never attended any type of course concerning multiculturalism. The mean score of the nurses' cultural competence was 4.19 ± 0.57 (range = 2.75-5.71). In all, 41.7% of the nurses did not consider themselves neither competent nor incompetent. Conclusion: The results show that nurses have an acceptable level of cultural competence, slightly higher in the territorial context

Influência do processo de desidratação sobre a atividade antimicrobiana do pólen apícola desidratado

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a influência do processo de conservação na ativi-dade antimicrobiana de amostras de pólen apícola do Brasil contra microorganismos isolados de fluidos biológicos e estirpes de referência.Amostras de pólen apícola foram coletadas durante os meses de abril/2012 e setem-bro/2012 em um apiário localizado no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Parte das amostras foi subme-tida a desidratação por aquecimento em estufa a 42ºC e parte a desidratação por liofilização. A atividade antimicrobiana foi determinada pelo método de microdiluição em placa [1], na Escola Superior Agrária de Bragança. Como material biológico foram utilizadas bactérias Gram-positi-vas (Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC; Streptococcus pyogenes ESA12; Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538™; Staphylococcus aureus ESA54), bactérias Gram-negativas (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922™; Escherichia coli ESA72; Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883™; Klebsiella spp) e leveduras (Candida albicans ATCC 10231™ e Candida albicans ESA109). Os resultados foram expressos em concentra-ção minima inibitória (CIM; p/v), que é a menor concentração de extrato de pólen apícola capaz de inibir o crescimento microbiano indicado por coloração com cloreto de trifenil tetrazolium (TTC).Todos os extratos apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana. A CIM para bactérias Gram--positivas variou entre 1,4 e 5,3%, enquanto que, para as bactérias Gram-negativas os valores obtidos oscilaram entre 2,5 e 7,0% e para as leveduras entre 16,7 e 25,8%. As amostras liofilizadas exerceram um efeito mais acentuado na inibição de crescimento de todos os microrganismos em estudo comparativamente com as amostras secas em estufa, sugerindo que o aquecimento pode ter alterado os compostos com propriedades antimicrobianas.Grande parte dos produtores de pólen apícola utiliza a desidratação por aquecimento em suas unidades de processamento, no entanto, este estudo indica que a liofilização pode ser uma alternativa ao processo atual que resulte num produto de maior potencial biológico. O consumo de pólen apícola é impulsionado pela demanda por produtos naturais com propriedades tera-pêuticas, portanto, quanto maior o potencial biológico deste produto, maior será a sua procura.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Effects of visual blur and contrast on spatial and temporal precision in manual interception.

The visual system is said to be especially sensitive towards spatial but lesser so towards temporal information. To test this, in two experiments, we systematically reduced the acuity and contrast of a visual stimulus and examined the impact on spatial and temporal precision (and accuracy) in a manual interception task. In Experiment 1, we blurred a virtual, to-be-intercepted moving circle (ball). Participants were asked to indicate (i.e., finger tap) on a touchscreen where and when the virtual ball crossed a ground line. As a measure of spatial and temporal accuracy and precision, we analyzed the constant and variable errors, respectively. With increasing blur, the spatial and temporal variable error, as well as the spatial constant error increased, while the temporal constant error decreased. Because in the first experiment, blur was potentially confounded with contrast, in Experiment 2, we re-ran the experiment with one difference: instead of blur, we included five levels of contrast matched to the blur levels. We found no systematic effects of contrast. Our findings confirm that blurring vision decreases spatial precision and accuracy and that the effects were not mediated by concomitant changes in contrast. However, blurring vision also affected temporal precision and accuracy, thereby questioning the generalizability of the theoretical predictions to the applied interception task. [Abstract copyright: © 2021. The Author(s).

Effect of processing conditions on the bioactive compounds and biological properties of bee pollen

Bee pollen has had a valued place in traditional medicine for centuries, even though its use in modern medicine is still limited by the lack of scientific evidence. In this study, we characterized and compared nine types of bee pollen, submitted to two preservation methods (lyophilization and drying), in relation to the content of phenolic compound and total flavonoids. The biological properties were also evaluated and compared. Pollen analysis allowed us to classify two samples as heterofloral, whilst the remaining were monofloral. The concentrations of flavonoid and phenolic compounds were greater in the lyophilized samples. Even though all samples presented antimicrobial activity, the lyophilized ones induced stronger inhibition against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. For the yeasts studied, the difference between the two preservation procedures was not so relevant. The antioxidant activity was also greater in the lyophilized samples. Antimutagenic capacity was observed in all samples, independently of the preservation method, even though some bee pollen types decreased the number of gene conversion and mutant colonies more efficiently. In conclusion, the results suggest that lyophilization is better to preserve the bioactive compounds and biological properties of this natural product.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio