The Shimato Terrain in the Kii Peninsula, Southwest Japan : with Special Reference to Its Geologic Developments Viewed from Coarser Clastic Sediments

The Shimanto Supergroup in the Kii Peninsula is divided into two groups, i.e. the Hidakagawa Group in the northern part and the Muro Group in the southern part. The former is mainly Cretaceous and the latter is early Cenozoic. In this paper conglomerates and sandstones of the two groups are treated with, and several considerations on the geologic development of the Shimanto Terrain are given. In the Cretaceous the Shimanto Terrain was in a eugeosynclinal condition, while in the early Cenozoic it changed to be in a miogeosynclinal condition. The change of environment is shown in the differences of megascopic characters of clastic sediments and properties of sandstones. The provenances of the Shimanto Terrain can be generally sought to the north of the geosyncline, that is, the so-called Meso-Volcanics in the Inner Zone, various rocks in the Ryoke Metamorphic Belt, the Paleozoics in the Chichibu Terrain and the so-called Torinosu Group. After the close of the Shimanto geosyncline a marine transgression occurred again at the Middle Miocene, and formed the Kumano and Tanabe Groups. Their basins were smaller and more local in comparison with the Shimanto geosyncline. Clastic materials were supplied mainly from the Sambagawa Metamorphic Belt and the Muro Group. Orthoquartzite gravels were commonly found from the conglomerates in the southernmost district of the Muro Group. They are supermature orthoquartzites with excellent sorting and rounding. These rocks cannot be seen in the present Japanese Islands and furthermore the paleocurrent data of this district show apparently from south to north direction. Such being the case, it may be reasonably concluded that a missing land once existed to the south of the Shimanto geosyncline where nowadays is the Pacific Ocean

Ⅲ.Chemistry

島根大学金沢大学大学院自然科学研究科 環境科学Editor : Tazaki, Kazue |田崎, 和

Orthoquartzitic Gravels in the Paleogene Muro Group, Southwest Japan

The Shimanto Terrain facing to the Pacific Ocean was a geosynclinal area during the Mesozoic to lower Tertiary. The Muro group in the Kii Peninsula, Southwest Japan, occupies the southern part and upper horizon of the geosyncline. In the previous paper (TOKUOKA, 1967) the writer reported on the coarser clastic sediments of the Shimanto Terrain in the Kii Peninsula, and discussed its development. He concluded that the provenances of the Shimanto geosyncline were mainly in the northern geanticlinal regions, but that there must have been an old land to the south of the geosyncline, now foundered to ocean depths, from the discovery of exotic gravels. These exotic gravels are orthoquartzites, which have never been found in the present Japanese Islands. He collected and examined 391 samples of orthoquartzitic gravels from the indurated conglomerates in the Muro group at the southern extremity of the Kii Peninsula. In the present paper he will describe their occurrence, size, shape, roundness, rock color and internal sedimentary features. Eighty-six specimens observed under the microscope to clarify their textural and compositional properties will be described. Also considerations will be given to orthoquartzites themselves. Orthoquartzitic gravels in the Muro group have similar characteristics with typical cratonic sandstones such as Sinian quartzites in China or other Precambrian sedimentary quartzites which are distributed worldwide. It may be concluded that there had once been a source area, a part of which must be composed of Precambrian quartzites, to the south of the Shimanto geosyncline, and that it sank below the Pacific Ocean at the close of the geosynclinal development (probably at the end of the lower Miocene)

セイナンニホンキイハントウノシマントルイタイトクニソリュウタイセキブツカラミタチシツゾウハッタツシニツイテ

京都大学0048新制・課程博士理学博士甲第663号理博第119号新制||理||78(附属図書館)1584UT51-51-L97京都大学大学院理学研究科地質学鉱物学専攻(主査)教授 中沢 圭二, 教授 吉沢 甫, 教授 亀井 節夫学位規則第5条第1項該当Kyoto UniversityDA

The Upper Permian and the Lower Triassic in Kashmir, India

It has been known since more than seventy years ago that the fossiliferous Permian-Triassic rocks are well developed around the Vihi plain near Srinagar in Kashmir. It is confirmed that the Upper Permian-Lower Triassic boundary is actually conformable and gradational, and that the basal part of the Lower Triassic beds contains survived Permian-type fossils. The geography and the general geology of Kashmir are briefly introduced, and a history of research on the Permian and the Triassic is given in some detail. The stratigraphy of the beds, not only near the erathem boundary but also belonging to the Upper Permian and the Lower Triassic, is fully described from Guryul ravine and a spur 3 km north of Barus spur. The Permian rocks around Vihi plain are usually classified into the Panjal volcanic rocks, the Gangamopteris Beds (the Lower Gondwana Beds), and the Zewan Formation, in ascending order. The Zewan Formation consists of limestone, sandy limestone, calcareous sandstone, and sandy shale or shale, and is lithologically divisible into four members, A to D, in ascending order at Guryul ravine, and five members, a to e, at a spur 3 km north of Barus. The succeeding Lower Triassic strata are collectively named the Khunamuh Formation in the present paper, of which the basal part belongs to the Permian. The formation is composed mostly of alternations of limestone and black shale, and is subdivided into six members, E to J, at Guryul ravine, and three members, f to h, to the north of Barus, on the basis of the amount of limestone. The Zewan Formation and the lowermost Khunamuh (Unit E1 and Unit f1) are classified into four divisions, I to IV, by characteristic fossil assemblages, although the brachiopod fauna does not change essentially throughout the sequence. Division I corresponding to Member A yields rich foraminifera, bryozoans, and crinoid-stems. Brachiopods are locally concentrated. Colaniella cf. minima, C. cylindrica, and Abadehella cf. coniformis are the characteristic foraminifera which enable to correlate the division with the Lepidolina kumaensis zone in Japan, and the lower Wuchiapingian in south China. It is compared to the Kalabagh Member of the Wargal Formation in the Salt Range by brachiopods and bryozoans. Division II corresponding to Member B is rather poor in organic remains, and it is not ceratin whether it is correlated to the Kalabagh or the Chhidru. It differs from the underlying one in the remarkable decrease of foraminifera and bryozoans due to environmental change. Division III includes Members C and D, and is characterized by a predominance of gastropods and bivalves similar to those of the Upper Chhidru Formation. Cyclolobus walkeri is found from the middle of this division in association with Anchignathodus typicalis and Neogondolella carinata. These fossils strongly suggest the very late Permian (early Dzhulfian, Araksian) age. Division IV coincides with Unit E1 or Unit f1 of the Khunamuh Formation, and is marked by Claraia bioni, n. sp., Etheripecten haydeni, n. sp., and brachiopods survived from the lower division. Conodonts are represented by rare specimens of Anchignathodus typicalis, Neogondolella carinata, and Ellisonia triassica. The division is probably correlated to the uppermost Permian (upper Dzhulfian, Dorashamian or Changhsingian). The Khunamuh Formation is common in ammonoids, bivalves, and conodonts, by which the formation can be divided into several zones, that is, the Otoceras-Glyptophiceras, the Ophiceras, the Paranorites-Vishnuites, the Prionites-Koninckites, and the Owenites-Kashmirites by ammonoids; the Claraia bioni-Etheripecten haydeni, the Eumorphotis benetiana- E. aff. bokharica, the Claraia cf. griesbachi-Eumorphotis multiformis, the Claraia concentrica, the Leptochondrian minima, and the Claraia decidens by bivalves; and the Anchignathodus typicalis, the Neogondolella carinata, the Neospathodus cristagalli, and the N. waageni by conodonts. Among them the Anchignathodus typicalis zone covers the Cyclolobus walkeri horizon of the Zewan up to the Otoceras-Glyptophiceras zone of the Khunamuh crossing over the Permian-Triassic boundary as in the Salt Range and Iran (Abadeh and Julfa regions). The Permian-Triassic boundary is referred to as the base of the Otoceras woodwardi zone taking into the consideration the worldwide recession of the sea and the extinction of the major groups flourished in the late Paleozoic in addition to the faunal changes observed in Kashmir. The boundary in Kashmir is in the lowermost part of the Khunamuh, not at the base but at slightly higher horizon, and does not coincide with the lithological classification. Several Permian species, such as Claraia bioni, Etheripecten haydeni, Marginifera himalayensis, and Pustula sp. are rarely found from the basal part of the Otoceras beds, and are considered to have survived into the beginning of the Triassic. The carbonate layers alternating with argillaceous beds of Member C of the Zewan Foramtion and the Khunamuh are developing in internal sedimentary structures, such as graded bedding, cross and parallel laminations, and convolute structure which suggest the turbidity current origin of these layers, especially in the Khunamuh. Detailed comparison of the sedimentary rocks between the two formations in the field and under the microscope as well, shows that a relatively shallow sea condition during the late Permian rather rapidly changed into the deeper, more off-shore environment at the beginning of the Triassic

Isobaric mass tagging and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry to determine lipid biomarker candidates for Alzheimer's disease.

The isobaric tagging method widely used in proteomic and lipidomic fields, with the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) approach using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, was applied to identify biomarker candidates from plasma samples for Alzheimer's disease (AD). We focused on the following phospholipids that have amino groups as the functional group: phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), Lyso-PE, phosphatidylserine, and Lyso-phosphatidylserine. We also investigated fatty acids that have a carboxy group. A sixplex tandem mass tag (TMT) was used for the isobaric tagging method in this study. The TMT reaction had high reproducibility in human plasma. A total of 196 human plasma samples from three AD cohorts were used for the study, and compared to pooled plasma quality control (QC) samples. The described method required only 40 MRM measurements, including the pooled QC samples, for a full comparison of the data. We found that the content of free fatty acids increased in AD samples in all the three cohorts, alkenyl PEs (ePEs) decreased over a one-year interval in AD patients, and ePEs weakly correlated with amyloid peptide (a-beta) 1-42 in cerebrospinal fluid. In conclusion, total free fatty acids in plasma are a risk factor for AD, and ePEs monitor candidates for AD. Therefore, TMT-lipidomics is a powerful approach for the determination of plasma biomarkers because of the high sample throughput

TRACES: A Lightweight Browser for Liquid Chromatography–Multiple Reaction Monitoring–Mass Spectrometry Chromatograms

In targeted metabolomic analysis using liquid chromatography–multiple reaction monitoring–mass spectrometry (LC-MRM-MS), hundreds of MRMs are performed in a single run, yielding a large dataset containing thousands of chromatographic peaks. Automation tools for processing large MRM datasets have been reported, but a visual review of chromatograms is still critical, as real samples with biological matrices often cause complex chromatographic patterns owing to non-specific, insufficiently separated, isomeric, and isotopic components. Herein, we report the development of new software, TRACES, a lightweight chromatogram browser for MRM-based targeted LC-MS analysis. TRACES provides rapid access to all MRM chromatograms in a dataset, allowing users to start ad hoc data browsing without preparations such as loading compound libraries. As a special function of the software, we implemented a chromatogram-level deisotoping function that facilitates the identification of regions potentially affected by isotopic signals. Using MRM libraries containing precursor and product formulae, the algorithm reveals all possible isotopic interferences in the dataset and generates deisotoped chromatograms. To validate the deisotoping function in real applications, we analyzed mouse tissue phospholipids in which isotopic interference by molecules with different fatty-acyl unsaturation levels is known. TRACES successfully removed isotopic signals within the MRM chromatograms, helping users avoid inappropriate regions for integration

Preliminary Report on the Permo-Trias of Kashmir

A team of Japanese and Indian Geologists carried out detailed studies of the Permo-Triassic sections in the Srinagar region, Kashmir, during 1969. This report embodies certain conclusions arrived at in the light of these studies. The section at Guryul Ravine is described in detail, being the best in the Srinagar region. Lithological and faunistic comparisons with other areas examined are also referred to. The different faunistic zones of the Lower Trias of this area are compared with other important extra-Indian occurrences. The Zewan Series (Permian) at Guryul Ravine is succeeded by Lower Triassic beds. The arenaceous sediments pass into calcareous through argillaceous sediments. There is neither an intraformational nor interformational unconformity indicative of a hiatus in deposition. Many characteristic Permian elements survived in the lower part of the Lower Trias, constituting a zone of mixed fauna of Permo-Trias. This suggests a rapid faunal change from Permian to Lower Trias but not discontinuous. The lithology however supports a gradual change from Palaeozoic to Mesozoic. The advent of Lower Trias is marked by the appearance of characteristic species like Claraia stachei (BITTNER), SPATH in the dark shales. The paper also records a number of important Lower Triassic ammonoids (Otoceras, Glyptophiceras, etc.), which were so far not known from the Srinagar region. Considering the evolutionary position of some of the species of Otoceras, the boundary between the Permian and Trias is tentatively placed just below the advent of Claraia stachei

Lipid Profiles of Human Serum Fractions Enhanced with CD9 Antibody-Immobilized Magnetic Beads

Blood samples are minimally invasive and can be collected repeatedly, but they are far from the site of disease and the target molecules are diluted by the large amount of blood. Therefore, we performed lipidomics using immunoprecipitation as a method to enrich specific fractions of serum. In this study, a CD9 antibody was immobilized on magnetic beads to enrich CD9-containing components in the serum for lipidomics. The percentages of phospholipids recovered from serum by methanol and isopropanol extractions were not significantly different, but triglycerides were barely recovered from serum by methanol extraction, requiring the use of isopropanol. However, once the serum was enriched with CD9 magnetic beads, triglycerides, and phospholipids were recovered at similar levels in both methanol and isopropanol extractions. Therefore, it is possible that the triglyceride fraction of the whole serum and the triglyceride fraction were enriched in CD9 magnetic beads differ in localization and properties. In addition, the variation per disease was small in general serum lipidomics; however, the difference per disease appeared larger when CD9 magnetic bead enrichment was employed