Histone deacetylases affect transcriptional regulation of CCL2 and CXCL8 expression by pulmonary fibroblasts in vitro

Introduction: Chemokines have been shown to play an important role in tissue remodeling and fibrosis in the respiratory system. In this study we wanted to evaluate the mechanisms, which regulate the expression of selected chemokines by pulmonary fibroblasts in vitro. Material and methods: Pulmonary fibroblasts were cultured with and without bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 6 hours. In addition some of the cultures were pre-treated with histone deacetylase inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA). Real-time PCR reaction was performed to estimate the expression of chemokines CCL2, CCL3 and CXCL8. Results: In unstimulated cultures detectable expression of CCL2 and CXCL8 was observed, while CCL3 expression could not be detected. After stimulation with LPS, TSA and both agents together CCL2 expression rose by 1.52, 1.62 and 1.8 times in comparison to control cultures respectively. CXCL8 mRNA expression levels after stimulation with LPS, TSA and LPSTSA increased by 1.53, 1.91 and 2.4 times accordingly. Conclusion: Epigenetic mechanisms related to histone acetylation affects transcriptional regulation of CCL2 and CXCL8 expression by pulmonary fibroblasts. Those mechanisms may play a role in tissue repair and pathologic remodeling

Beneficial Effects of Vitamins K and D3 on Redox Balance of Human Osteoblasts Cultured with Hydroxyapatite-Based Biomaterials

Hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials are commonly used in surgery to repair bone damage. However, the introduction of biomaterials into the body can cause metabolic alterations, including redox imbalance. Because vitamins D3 and K (K1, MK-4, MK-7) have pronounced osteoinductive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, it is suggested that they may reduce the adverse effects of biomaterials. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamins D3 and K, used alone and in combination, on the redox metabolism of human osteoblasts (hFOB 1.19 cell line) cultured in the presence of hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials (Maxgraft, Cerabone, Apatos, and Gen-Os). Culturing of the osteoblasts in the presence of hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials resulted in oxidative stress manifested by increased production of reactive oxygen species and decrease of glutathione level and glutathione peroxidase activity. Such redox imbalance leads to lipid peroxidation manifested by an increase of 4-hydroxynonenal level, which is known to influence the growth of bone cells. Vitamins D3 and K were shown to help maintain redox balance and prevent lipid peroxidation in osteoblasts cultured with hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials. The strongest effect was observed for the combination of vitamin D3 and MK-7. Moreover, vitamins promoted growth of the osteoblasts, manifested by increased DNA biosynthesis. Therefore, it is suggested that the use of vitamins D3 and K may protect redox balance and support the growth of osteoblasts affected by hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials

Clinical assessment of the efficacy of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of oral lichen planus

The study objective was clinical assessment of the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of oral lichen planus (OLP). There were 23 patients aged 31–82 included in the study with oral lichen planus diagnosed clinically and histopathologically. In all patients photodynamic therapy was performed with the use of chlorin e6 (Photolon(®)), containing 20 % chlorin e6 and 10 % dimethyl sulfoxide as a photosensitizer. PDT was performed using a semiconductor laser, with power up to 300 mW and a wavelength of 660 nm. A series of illumination sessions was conducted with the use of superficial light energy density of 90 J/cm(2). Changes of lesion size were monitored at one, two, five, and ten PDT appointments from the series of ten according to the authors' own method. The sizes of clinical OLP lesions exposed to PDT were reduced significantly (on average by 55 %). The best effects were observed for the lesions on the lining mucosa (57.6 %). The therapy was statistically significantly less effective when masticatory mucosa was affected (reduction, 30.0 %). Due to substantial efficacy and noninvasiveness, PDT can be useful in the treatment of OLP lesions

Cytological picture of the oral mucosa in patients with gastric and colon cancer

The incidence of malignant gastrointestinal cancers in Poland has been constantly growing, which hasled to an intensification of the search for new markers of the early clinical stage of this disease. The oral cavity,as the first part of the gastrointestinal tract, has a very important role. The oral cavity presents symptoms of bothtypically stomatological and systemic diseases. Oral cancers, benign or malignant, may originate and grow in anyof the tissues of the mouth, and within this small area they may be of varied clinical, histological and biologicalfeatures. These can be lesions typically observed in the oral cavity, but also characteristic of cases where thesymptoms occur both in the mouth and in other body parts. The aim of this study was to present a cytologicalpicture of the oral mucosa in patients with gastric and colon cancer and to compare the cytological picture withthat obtained from a group of patients with no cancer, using the Papanicolaou classification and the Bethesdasystem. The study was conducted in 126 patients treated surgically in the II General and GastroenterologicalSurgery Clinic between 2006 and 2008. All patients were divided into two groups based on the type of lesions. Inboth of the studied groups, more than half of the patients did not present any abnormalities in the mucosa of themouth, lips and cheeks in the physical examination. None of the patients had erosion, ulceration or lesionstypical of leukoplakia or lichen planus. No malignant cells were detected in either of the studied groups, andthere were no well-defined lesions found in the oral cavity that would distinguish the patients with gastrointestinalcancer. (The incidence of malignant gastrointestinal cancers in Poland has been constantly growing, which hasled to an intensification of the search for new markers of the early clinical stage of this disease. The oral cavity,as the first part of the gastrointestinal tract, has a very important role. The oral cavity presents symptoms of bothtypically stomatological and systemic diseases. Oral cancers, benign or malignant, may originate and grow in anyof the tissues of the mouth, and within this small area they may be of varied clinical, histological and biologicalfeatures. These can be lesions typically observed in the oral cavity, but also characteristic of cases where thesymptoms occur both in the mouth and in other body parts. The aim of this study was to present a cytologicalpicture of the oral mucosa in patients with gastric and colon cancer and to compare the cytological picture withthat obtained from a group of patients with no cancer, using the Papanicolaou classification and the Bethesdasystem. The study was conducted in 126 patients treated surgically in the II General and GastroenterologicalSurgery Clinic between 2006 and 2008. All patients were divided into two groups based on the type of lesions. Inboth of the studied groups, more than half of the patients did not present any abnormalities in the mucosa of themouth, lips and cheeks in the physical examination. None of the patients had erosion, ulceration or lesionstypical of leukoplakia or lichen planus. No malignant cells were detected in either of the studied groups, andthere were no well-defined lesions found in the oral cavity that would distinguish the patients with gastrointestinalcancer.

Bacteria Residing at Root Canals Can Induce Cell Proliferation and Alter the Mechanical Properties of Gingival and Cancer Cells

Understanding the importance of oral microbiota in human health and disease also leads to an expansion of the knowledge on functional, metabolic, and molecular alterations directly contributing to oral and systemic pathologies. To date, a compelling number of studies have documented the crucial role of some oral cavity-occurring microbes in the initiation and progression of cancers. Although this effect was noted primarily for Fusobacterium spp., the potential impact of other oral microbes is also worthy of investigation. In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of Enterococcus faecalis, Actinomyces odontolyticus, and Propionibacterium acnes on the proliferation capability and mechanical features of gingival cells and cell lines derived from lung, breast, and ovarian cancers. For this purpose, we incubated selected cell lines with heat-inactivated bacteria and supernatants collected from biofilms, cultured in both anaerobic and aerobic conditions, in the presence of surgically removed teeth and human saliva. The effect of oral bacteria on cell population growth is variable, with the highest growth-promoting abilities observed for E. faecalis in relation to human primary gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and lung cancer A549 cells, and P. acnes in relation to breast cancer MCF-7 and ovarian cancer SKOV-3 cells. Notably, this effect seems to depend on a delicate balance between the pro-stimulatory and toxic effects of bacterial-derived products. Regardless of the diverse effect of bacterial products on cellular proliferation capability, we observed significant alterations in stiffness of gingival and lung cancer cells stimulated with E. faecalis bacteria and corresponding biofilm supernatants, suggesting a novel molecular mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of diseases in oral cavities and tooth tissues. Accordingly, it is proposed that analysis of cancerogenic features of oral cavity bacteria should be multivariable and should include investigation of potential alterations in cell mechanical properties. These findings corroborate the important role of oral hygiene and root canal treatment to assure the healthy stage of oral microbiota

The Role of Oral Cavity Biofilm on Metallic Biomaterial Surface Destruction–Corrosion and Friction Aspects

Metallic biomaterials in the oral cavity are exposed to many factors such as saliva, bacterial microflora, food, temperature fluctuations, and mechanical forces. Extreme conditions present in the oral cavity affect biomaterial exploitation and significantly reduce its biofunctionality, limiting the time of exploitation stability. We mainly refer to friction, corrosion, and biocorrosion processes. Saliva plays an important role and is responsible for lubrication and biofilm formation as a transporter of nutrients for microorganisms. The presence of metallic elements in the oral cavity may lead to the formation of electro-galvanic cells and, as a result, may induce corrosion. Transitional microorganisms such as sulfate-reducing bacteria may also be present among the metabolic microflora in the oral cavity, which can induce biological corrosion. Microorganisms that form a biofilm locally change the conditions on the surface of biomaterials and contribute to the intensification of the biocorrosion processes. These processes may enhance allergy to metals, inflammation, or cancer development. On the other hand, the presence of saliva and biofilm may significantly reduce friction and wear on enamel as well as on biomaterials. This work summarizes data on the influence of saliva and oral biofilms on the destruction of metallic biomaterials

Antimicrobial and Physicochemical Properties of Artificial Saliva Formulations Supplemented with Core-Shell Magnetic Nanoparticles

Saliva plays a crucial role in oral cavity. In addition to its buffering and moisturizing properties, saliva fulfills many biofunctional requirements, including antibacterial activity that is essential to assure proper oral microbiota growth. Due to numerous extra- and intra-systemic factors, there are many disorders of its secretion, leading to oral dryness. Saliva substitutes used in such situations must meet many demands. This study was design to evaluate the effect of core-shell magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) adding (gold-coated and aminosilane-coated nanoparticles NPs) on antimicrobial (microorganism adhesion, biofilm formation), rheological (viscosity, viscoelasticity) and physicochemical (pH, surface tension, conductivity) properties of three commercially available saliva formulations. Upon the addition of NPs (20 µg/mL), antibacterial activity of artificial saliva was found to increase against tested microorganisms by 20% to 50%. NPs, especially gold-coated ones, decrease the adhesion of Gram-positive and fungal cells by 65% and Gram-negative bacteria cells by 45%. Moreover, the addition of NPs strengthened the antimicrobial properties of tested artificial saliva, without influencing their rheological and physicochemical properties, which stay within the range characterizing the natural saliva collected from healthy subjects

Cytological picture of the oral mucosa in patients with gastric and colon cancer

The incidence of malignant gastrointestinal cancers in Poland has been constantly growing, which has<br />led to an intensification of the search for new markers of the early clinical stage of this disease. The oral cavity,<br />as the first part of the gastrointestinal tract, has a very important role. The oral cavity presents symptoms of both<br />typically stomatological and systemic diseases. Oral cancers, benign or malignant, may originate and grow in any<br />of the tissues of the mouth, and within this small area they may be of varied clinical, histological and biological<br />features. These can be lesions typically observed in the oral cavity, but also characteristic of cases where the<br />symptoms occur both in the mouth and in other body parts. The aim of this study was to present a cytological<br />picture of the oral mucosa in patients with gastric and colon cancer and to compare the cytological picture with<br />that obtained from a group of patients with no cancer, using the Papanicolaou classification and the Bethesda<br />system. The study was conducted in 126 patients treated surgically in the II General and Gastroenterological<br />Surgery Clinic between 2006 and 2008. All patients were divided into two groups based on the type of lesions. In<br />both of the studied groups, more than half of the patients did not present any abnormalities in the mucosa of the<br />mouth, lips and cheeks in the physical examination. None of the patients had erosion, ulceration or lesions<br />typical of leukoplakia or lichen planus. No malignant cells were detected in either of the studied groups, and<br />there were no well-defined lesions found in the oral cavity that would distinguish the patients with gastrointestinal<br />cancer. (The incidence of malignant gastrointestinal cancers in Poland has been constantly growing, which has<br />led to an intensification of the search for new markers of the early clinical stage of this disease. The oral cavity,<br />as the first part of the gastrointestinal tract, has a very important role. The oral cavity presents symptoms of both<br />typically stomatological and systemic diseases. Oral cancers, benign or malignant, may originate and grow in any<br />of the tissues of the mouth, and within this small area they may be of varied clinical, histological and biological<br />features. These can be lesions typically observed in the oral cavity, but also characteristic of cases where the<br />symptoms occur both in the mouth and in other body parts. The aim of this study was to present a cytological<br />picture of the oral mucosa in patients with gastric and colon cancer and to compare the cytological picture with<br />that obtained from a group of patients with no cancer, using the Papanicolaou classification and the Bethesda<br />system. The study was conducted in 126 patients treated surgically in the II General and Gastroenterological<br />Surgery Clinic between 2006 and 2008. All patients were divided into two groups based on the type of lesions. In<br />both of the studied groups, more than half of the patients did not present any abnormalities in the mucosa of the<br />mouth, lips and cheeks in the physical examination. None of the patients had erosion, ulceration or lesions<br />typical of leukoplakia or lichen planus. No malignant cells were detected in either of the studied groups, and<br />there were no well-defined lesions found in the oral cavity that would distinguish the patients with gastrointestinal<br />cancer.