HERBICIDE PHOSPHINOTHRICIN CAUSES DIRECT STIMULATION HORMESIS

Herbicide phosphinothricin (PPT) inhibits glutamine synthetase (GS), a key enzyme in nitrogen assimilation, thus causing ammonia accumulation, glutamine depletion and eventually plant death. However, the growth response of Lotus corniculatus L. plants immersed in solutions with a broad range of PPT concentrations is biphasic, with pronounced stimulating effect on biomass production at concentrations ≤ 50 μM and growth inhibition at higher concentrations. The growth stimulation at low PPT concentrations is a result of activation of chloroplastic isoform GS2, while the growth suppression is caused by inhibition of both cytosolic GS1 and GS2 at higher PPT concentrations. Since the results are obtained in cell-free system (e.g. protein extracts), to which the principles of homeostasis are not applicable, this PPT effect is an unambiguous example of direct stimulation hormesis. A detailed molecular mechanism of concentration-dependent interaction of both PPT and a related GS inhibitor, methionine sulfoximine, with GS holoen- zymes is proposed. The mechanism is in concurrence with all experimental and literature data

CLIMATE OF THE VINEYARD ZONES AND THE ASSOCIATED VINE VARIETIES OF YUGOSLAVIA

Abstract: According to general characteristics of the climate of vineyard zones in Yugoslavia in 1976, ten (10) vineyard zones were established. For better presentation of the climate conditions of the vineyard zones of Yugoslavia in this work the data of 12 representative meteorological stations for the period 1951-1995 were used. Meteorological parameters are presented in tab.1 and 2. Taking into account the presented climate conditions in vineyard zones of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), one can conclude that suitable temperature and another climate conditions exist for vine varieties growing from earliest to the late period of maturing. Key words: vine, climate conditions of the vineyard districts, wine varieties. Introd uction According to general characteristics of the climate of vineyard zones in Yugoslavia, 10 vineyard zones with a certain number of subzones and vineyard districts were defined. In Serbia 9 zones were defined and in Montenegro only one zone was formed. During the zoning in 1976, wine varieties, table varieties and rootstocks were recommended

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among primary healthcare workers in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia & Herzegovina: A cross-sectional study

Healthcare workers (HCW) in primary healthcare centres in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, are on the first combat line with COVID-19. This study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among HCW at the primary healthcare centres and to analyse the risk exposure to COVID-19, clinical signs and vaccination status. A cross-sectional study was conducted among HCW at the selected primary healthcare centres between 19 March and 30 April 2021. Antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 virus were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 1,023 HCW (mean age 45 years; 71% female) were included in the study. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in 69.5% of all participants. There was a significant difference in seropositivity among primary healthcare centres from different geographical regions. As many as 432 (42%) of all participants had confirmed COVID-19 symptoms before the study and, 84.8% of them were seropositive. This study showed that 702 primary HCW were vaccinated with any of these vaccines: Sputnik V, Sinopharm, Pfizer/Biontech. High titre of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was found amongst those who received one (92.6%) or both (97.2%) doses of vaccines. In this study, we report high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody among HCW in primary healthcare in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina during the third pandemic wave

Klima vinogradarskih podrucja SR Jugoslavije i lista podudarnih sorti vinove loze

According to general characteristics of the climate of vineyard zones in Yugoslavia in 1976, ten (10) vineyard zones were established. For better presentation of the climate conditions of the vineyard zones of Yugoslavia in this work the data of 12 representative meteorological stations for the period 1951-1995 were used. Meteorological parameters are presented in tab.l and 2. Taking into account the presented climate conditions in vineyard zones of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), one can conclude that suitable temperature and another climate conditions exist for vine varieties growing from earliest to the late period of maturing.U cilju uporednih ispitivanja opstih karakteristika klime najznacajnijih vinogradarskih podrucja u svetu, Medjunarodni ured za vinovu lozu i vino (O.I:V. - Paris) je preporucio da se za karakterizaciju vinogradarske klime (parcele jednog vinograda, lokaliteta iIi vinogradarskog regiona) koriste pored osnovnih rneteoroloskih podataka i sledeci klimatski indeksi koji obuhvataju 2 ili vise meteoroloskih cinilaca: - IW, indeks Vinklera (Wink Ier, 1962) - IH, heliotermicki indeks Iglena (Hug len, 1978) - IS, indeks suse (Riou et al. 1994) - IF, indeks svezine noci u periodu sazrevanja grozda (To n n ie t to , 1999) U ovom radu su prikazani podaci 12 reprezentativnih meteoroloskih stanica u Jugoslaviji (1951-1995. god.) na osnovu kojih se moze izvrsiti karakterizacija klime u najznacajnijim vinogradarskim podrucjima nase zemlje (tab. 1 i 2). U radu je data i lista podudarnih - adaptivnih vinskih sorti za cije gajenje postoje povoljni uslovi u vinogradarskim podrucjima Srbije i Crne Gore. U vinogradarskim podrucjima Srbije (tab. 1) srednja godisnja temperatura vazduha varira od 10.8 do 11.9 DC, a srednja vegetaciona 16.5 do 17.7 DC. Godisnja suma padavina iznosi 553-750 mm, a u periodu vegetacije padne 351-451mm. U vinogradarskoj zoni Crne Gore srednja godisnja temperatura iznosi 15.6 DC, a srednja vegetaciona 21.1 DC. Godisnja suma padavina iznosi 1592 mm, a za period vegetacije 662 mm. Prema vrednostima indeksa po Vinkleru sva vinogradarska podrucja Srbije pripadaju klimatskoj zoni II, odnosno zoni B po EU. Suma efektivnih temperatura varira od 1390 DC U Vranju, do 1577 DC U Negotinu. U Crnoj Gori, suma efektivnih temperatura iznosi 2382 DC, sto ovo vinogradarsko podrucje svrstava u zonu V po Vinkleru, odnosno, C-3 po EU. Na osnovu heliotermickog indeksa (IH po Huglenu) klima vinogradarskih podrucja nase zemlje se moze okarakterisati na sledeci nacin: - U vinogradarskim podrucjima Srbije oko Subotice, Vrsca, Beograda, Cuprije, Krusevca i Vranja vlada umerena klima (IH3 = 1994 do 2090), a u podrucjima oko Sapca, Negotina, Nisa. Leskovca i Prizrena vlada umereno - topla klima (IH4 - 2100 - 2196). - U podrucju Podgorice vlada topla klima (IHs = 2568). Na osnovu vrednosti Indeksa suse (IS po Riou) proizilazi da u nasim vinogradarskim podrucjima vladaju sledece klase klima: - U podrucju oko Vrsca, Sapca, Beograda, Cuprije, Krusevca i Leskovca vlada subhumidna klima (ISo ukazuje da u zemljistu ima od 50 do 150 mm pristupacne vlage vise nego sto je neophodno za vinovu lozu), pa nema izrazene suse. Navodnjavanje vinograda nije potrebno. - U podrucjima oko Subotice, Negotina, Nisa, Leskovca i Prizrena vlada klasa klime lSI, umereno suva klima, sa viskom vode u zemljistu 50 mm. odnosno sa manjkom pristupacne vlage u zemljistu do 100 mm. Navodnjavanje vinograda je korisno. - U podrucju Podgorice vlada klasa klime IS2, u kojoj se javlja susa sa manjkom pristupacne vode u zemljistu izmedu 100 i 200 mm, pa je neophodno redovno navodnjavanje vinograda. Na osnovu indeksa svezine noci (IF), koji reprezentuje srednje minimaIne temperature vazduha u septembru, proizilazi da vrednosti IF variraju od 9.8-12.1°C. To znaci, da u svim vinogradarskim podrucjima Srbije vlada klasa klime IF4, u kojoj su noci veoma sveze, sto pogoduje dobrorn sazrevanju grozda, nagornilavanju dovoljnih kolicina bojenih i arornaticnih materija u grozdu, Sarno u podrucju Prizrena, IF3 =12.1, sto znaci da su noci izmedu klase .veoma svezih" i "svezih", koje pogoduju veorna dobrorn sazrevanju grozda, U vinogradarskom podrucju oko Podgorice, IFI = 19.2, sto znaci da su u periodu sazrevanja grozda noci tople, iznad neophodnih temperatura za sazrevanje grozda vecine gajenih sorti vinove loze. Na osnovu klimatskih uslova u vinogradarskirn podrucjima Srbije i Crne Gore, daje se sortna lista internacionalnih i autohtonih vinskih sorti, koje su rejonirane i zauzimaju najznacajnije rnesto u vinogradarstvu nase zemlje

CAR T Cell Therapy for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Successes and Shortcomings

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cell therapy achieved remarkable success in B-cell leukemia and lymphoma which led to its incorporation in treatment protocols for these diseases. CAR T cell therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients showed less success compared to other malignant tumors. In this review, we discuss the published results regarding CAR T cell therapy of CLL, possible mechanisms of failures and expected developments

Health Literacy: Current Status and Challenges in the Work of Family Doctors in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Health literacy (HL) has become an important area of research. The aim of this study was to evaluate the HL of primary healthcare patients in the Republic of Srpska (RS), Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) and to identify socioeconomic and health factors associated with HL. This cross-sectional study among 768 patients was conducted in two healthcare centres between March and May 2017, using the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (S-TOFHLA). Analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics (a chi-squared test and logistic regression). Inadequate and marginal HL was found in 34,6% of respondents. Socioeconomic and self-reported health factors were significantly related to HL. An age of 55 years and over (OR 1.02), living in a rural environment (OR 2.25), being divorced (OR 3.32), being insufficiently physically active (OR 1.29), having poor income (OR 1.96), having more than three chronic diseases (OR 1.94), and poor health (OR 1.59) were significantly corelated with inadequate and marginal HL. The results of our study indicate that a low level of HL is related to the elderly, having a divorce, having a rural residence, poor income, having more than three chronic diseases, poor health, and insufficient physical activity. Further evaluation, monitoring, and activities to improve HL are of great importance for patients’ health outcomes

Assessment of health literacy in the adult population registered to family medicine physicians in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Background: Health literacy is an important determinant of health. This concept is under-researched in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Objectives: To assess health literacy and its association with sociodemographic variables, self-perception of health and the presence of chronic conditions in primary healthcare setting. Methods: In May 2016, a cross-sectional study was executed in two primary healthcare centres. Out of approximately 1500 patients who visited both health centres during four consecutive days, about 800 were eligible. Of these, 110 patients agreed to complete the translated Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (S-TOFHLA). The influence of demographic, social, economic, and health characteristics (independent variables) on the S-TOFHLA score (dependent variable) was assessed by multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: One questionnaire was incomplete and therefore 109 questionnaires were analysed. Inadequate, marginal, and adequate health literacy were present in 19 (17.4%), 16 (14.7%) and 74 (67.9%) respondents. Adequate health literacy was found predominantly among respondents younger than 55 years and those with a high level of education. Regression analyses showed that low level of education (OR: 5.3), age 55 years and over (OR: 3.9), living in a rural area (OR: 3.7) and having three or more chronic diseases (OR: 2) were independently associated with inadequate or marginal health literacy. Conclusion: In this study performed in two primary healthcare centres in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, low health literacy was associated with low level of education, older age, living in a rural area, and having more chronic diseases

Assessment of hypertension chronic care model: Pacic application in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate patients' attitudes towards hypertension treatment according to the chronic care model and to assess the implementation of hypertension clinical guidelines in family medicine. The cross-sectional study was carried out in two randomly selected primary health care centers (Bijeljina and Prijedor), respectively in Bosnia and Herzegovina, covering the period between March and April 2016. This study sample consists of 791 respondents with hypertension purposing to measure specific actions and quality of care for hypertensive patients. The Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC) was used. Treatment for the indicators of hypertension was assessed by analyzing patients' medical charts according to the recommendations of clinical guidelines. More than half of the evaluated indicators of treatment for hypertension were documented in medical charts of 84.07% patients. The average overall PACIC score was 4.18 (SD 0.59), being an average of the separate scores of 4.19 (SD 0.57) in men and 4.17 (SD 0.60) in women. Subscale means of PACIC were as follows: patient activation 4.33, delivery system design 4.36; goal setting 4.03; problem solving 4.51; follow-up and co-ordination 3.67. No statistically significant correlations in the overall score and subscale scores were found by demographic characteristics. Non-smokers had a significantly higher overall score compared to smokers (p = 0.001). As implementation of the guidelines became stronger, the reported PACIC scores rose. Continuing the education of patients in order to achieve better health care outcomes is imperative

Antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of red wine after in vitro simulated digestion in the presence of complex food matrix

The beneficial effect of moderate wine consumption is attributed to its micronutrients, especially polyphenols and largely depends on the digestion process. This work aimed to examine the influence of in vitro simulated digestion in the presence of complex food matrix on antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of red wine. The obtained results showed that total phenolic content of wine sample after in vitro digestion was higher compared to undigested wine, while the antioxidant activity of these samples was similar before and after digestion. Furthermore, it has been noticed that digested wine showed cytotoxic activity on SKBR3 breast adenocarcinoma cells near 20% after 72 h of treatment. This pioneering study that examined biological potential of in vitro digested wine in the presence of complex food matrix indicate that antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of red wine is preserved after digestion