b-Type Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Is Purified as a H2O2-Forming NADH Oxidase from Bifidobacterium bifidum▿ †

Our previous report showed the existence of microaerophilic Bifidobacterium species that can grow well under aerobic conditions rather than anoxic conditions in a liquid shaking culture. The difference in the aerobic growth properties between the O2-sensitive and microaerophilic species is due to the existence of a system to produce H2O2 in the growth medium. In this study, we purified and characterized the NADH oxidase that is considered to be a key enzyme in the production of H2O2. Bifidobacterium bifidum, an O2-sensitive bacterium and the type species of the genus Bifidobacterium, possessed one dominant active fraction of NADH oxidase and a minor active fraction of NAD(P)H oxidase activity detected in the first step of column chromatography for purification of the enzyme. The dominant active fraction was further purified and determined from its N-terminal sequence to be a homologue of b-type dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHOD), composed of PyrK (31 kDa) and PyrDb (34 kDa) subunits. The genes that encode PyrK and PryDb are tandemly located within an operon structure. The purified enzyme was found to be a heterotetramer showing the typical spectrum of a flavoprotein, and flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide were identified as cofactors. The purified enzyme was characterized as the enzyme that catalyzes the DHOD reaction and also catalyzes a H2O2-forming NADH oxidase reaction in the presence of O2. The kinetic parameters suggested that the enzyme could be involved in H2O2 production in highly aerated environments

Designed abscisic acid analogs as antagonists of PYL-PP2C receptor interactions

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