Anti-Müllerian hormone: a critical factor for female fertility and reproductive health

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a glycoprotein produced by the granulosa cells of preantral and small antral follicles. AMH concentrations reflect ovarian physiology with high precision, thus serving as a more sensitive marker of the ovarian re­serve than chronological age. This hormone plays a role in the pathogenesis of menstrual disorders and fertility in both obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome. The evaluation of AMH may also be useful in diagnosing or monitoring therapy of granulosa cell ovarian tumors

Evaluation of the health behaviors of women in multiple pregnancies — a preliminary study

Objectives: The aim of the paper was to assess which health behavior indicators were characteristic for women with a multiple pregnancy. Material and method: The study involved 35 women in multiple pregnancies. The inclusion criteria were: the completion of the 22nd week of pregnancy (22 Hbd, i.e., 22 weeks and 1/7) and the consent of the women to participate in the study. We used an original questionnaire devised by us specifically for our study, as well as a standardized research tool, Juczyński’s Health Behavior Inventory questionnaire, for the assessment of the pregnant women’s health behaviors. Results: The overall rate of health behaviors was high and was on average 93.9 ± 10.8 points (7 sten scores). Indicators of the health behaviors of women in multiple pregnancies were high across all categories. However, the highest rate was observed in preventive behaviors. Conclusions: The overall rate of health behaviors of women with a multiple pregnancy and all the individual behavior category indicators were high. However, the highest rate was for preventive behaviors. The indicator values of the health behaviors of the pregnant women in the study were not dependent on the variables adopted in this paper

Osteoporoza – zapobieganie i leczenie

The aim of the osteoporosis management is to reduce the risk of fracture. The primary clinical goal is toidentify patients at high risk of fracture rather than to identify men or women with osteoporosis. This articlesummarizes current knowledge about effective prevention and treatment of osteoporosis

Farmakologiczne leczenie endometriozy

Mimo wielu badań biochemicznych i molekularnych endometrioza należy do chorób, których etiopatogenezajest mało poznana i przysparza wiele trudności w postępowaniu leczniczym. Rozpoczynając terapię endometriozy,należy wziąć pod uwagę rodzaj i stopień nasilenia objawów oraz status prokreacyjny kobiety. Ponadto,klasyczna definicja endometriozy (obecność komórek gruczołowych i podścieliska) zakłada konieczność pobraniamateriału do badania histopatologicznego. Nie zawsze jednak laparoskopia jest pierwszym krokiem w rozpoznawaniui terapii endometriozy. Leczenie objawów, takich jak ból związany z endometriozą czy zaburzeniamiesiączkowania, rozpoczyna się od podania leków I rzutu – tabletek antykoncepcyjnych oraz niesteroidowychleków przeciwzapalnych (NLPZ). Dwuskładnikowe tabletki antykoncepcyjne najczęściej poleca się do stosowaniaw terapii ciągłej. Nieskuteczne leczenie bólu (min. 3 miesiące) daje podstawę do wdrożenia innej metodyleczniczej: laparoskopii lub terapii II rzutu, czyli zastosowania analogów GnRh, Danazolu i progestagenów. Dużenadzieje wiąże się inhibitorami aromatazy, inhibitorami czynnika martwicy nowotworów α (TNF-α), lekamihamującymi angiogenezę oraz inhibitorami metaloproteinaz tkankowych

Diagnostyka hormonalna łysienia kobiet

Prawidłowa diagnostyka łysienia u kobiet umożliwia wdrożenie leczenia warunkującego sukces terapeutyczny.Łysienie androgenne wymaga oznaczenia stężenia androgenów (testosteronu, 3α-androstendiolu, dehydroepiandrosteronu)oraz białka wiążącego hormony płciowe w surowicy. W diagnostyce różnicowej oprócznadmiaru androgenów należy brać pod uwagę inne choroby ogólnoustrojowe: nadczynność bądź niedoczynnośćtarczycy, hiperinsulinemię, zespół policystycznych jajników lub hiperprolaktynemię. Dlatego przydatne wydajesię oznaczanie dodatkowo tyreotropiny, tyroksyny, prolaktyny, glikemii i insulinemii. W leczeniu łysienia androgennegonajwiększą rolę odgrywają antyandrogeny: spironolakton, octan cyproteronu, często w połączeniuz doustną tabletką antykoncepcyjną. Wykorzystywane są również inhibitory 5α-reduktazy: finasteryd, duosterydoraz stosowany miejscowo minoksydyl

Osteoporoza – obraz kliniczny, czynniki ryzyka i diagnostyka

Osteoporosis is defined as a skeletal disease with low bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration of bonetissue. Osteoporosis is an insidious disease and usually develops for some time before being detected. Usually thefirst indication of osteoporosis is fracture. Common sites for osteoporotic fracture are hip, spine and wrist.Osteoporosis is categorized as either primary or secondary. The aim of osteoporosis management is toreduce fracture risk. The primary clinical goal is identification of patients at high risk of fracture rather thanidentification of women or men with osteoporosis. Bone mineral density (BMD) is most commonly measuredfor information about bone strength but it is only one component of fracture risk. A large number of clinical riskfactors for fracture have been identified and can provide information on fracture risk independently of BMD

Świąd sromu

Vulvar itch is a common symptom and distressing problem. Puritius is an unpleasant sensation inductingthe desire to scratch. Diagnosis is made by history, clinical investigation, skin and vaginal patch testing or skinbiopsy. Acute vulvar purities is usually caused by infection or contact dermatitis. In chronic purities inflammatorydermatoses and malignancies must be taken into consideration. The key success factors are: identificationof the etiological agent, avoiding skin irritation and breaking the cycle of itching and scratching

Przewlekła niewydolność żylna u kobiet

Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is one of the most common disease affecting Western societies.Risk factors for CVI include gender, advanced age, number of pregnancies, family history, obesity , history ofdeep-vein thrombosis, exogenous hormone use, occupations that require a lot of standing.Chronic venous insufficiency and its clinical manifestations results from venous hypertension in the lowerextremities.The most common manifestation of chronic venous insufficiency are dilated cutaneous veins, such as telangiectasesand reticular veins, and varicose veins.This article reviews the clinical aspect of CVI with a focus on the connection with gynecology

Zespół metaboliczny a zespół policystycznych jajników

The consequences of PCOS are the subject of constant research, yet a number of scientific reports underlinethe fact that in women with PCOS, there appear higher risk of glucose intolerance and diabetes type2, hypertension, dislipidemia and atherosclerosis. The effects of PCOS reach beyond women’s reproductiveaxis. Metabolic syndrome occurs in 43-46% of patients with PCOS, which constitutes two times more than inwomen population. Insuline resistance and hyperinsulinemia are key disorders in both syndromes. Obesity,gestational diabetes, positive family history of diabetes type 2 and metabolic syndrome constitute a risk factorfor metabolic disorder development in patients with PCOS. Farmacological treatment of PCO syndrome dependson dominating symptoms and patient’s current needs taking into account her reproductive status. For a longtime, medicines which reduce insuline resistance have been used to treat PCOS, in ovulation stimulation as wellas in improvement of metabolic disorders. Insuline sensitivity improvement via reduction of body weight (diet,physical exercises) and choosing active lifestyle appears to be a standard

Polycystic ovary syndrome and mental disorders – discussion on the recommendations of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE)

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women at the reproductive age. In 2018, the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) developed and published new accurate recommendations for the diagnosis and management of women with PCOS. In this work, a separate chapter is devoted to the quality of life and mental disorders in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome