Socio-Economic Determinants of Food Insecurity

The article presents the theoretical and methodological discourse of the concepts “food security”, “food insecurity”, “malnutrition”, “hunger” and their complementarity. The levels of food security and its range according to the USDA Food Safety Methodology are determined. The economic, social, political, climatic determinants of food insecurity are identified. The problem of prevalence of malnutrition and hunger in the world is considered. The strategic objectives of Global Food Security until 2030 are considered. The international experience of overcoming food insecurity is studied, and the effectiveness of state social programs is investigated. The importance of Ukraine’s participation in international food security programs is emphasized. The tasks and indicators of overcoming food insecurity in Ukraine by 2030 are described in accordance with the goals of sustainable development, in particular: ensuring the availability of balanced nutrition at the level of scientifically based standards for all segments of the population; increasing agricultural productivity, primarily through the use of innovative technologies; ensuring the creation of sustainable food production systems that contribute to the conservation of ecosystems and gradual improvement of soil quality; reducing food price volatility. The driving forces of food insecurity of the population and the possible ways to overcome them are determined

Clinical application and results of the electrophysiological laryngeal nerves identification in surgeries in case of goiter

Background. Analysis of the results of clinical application of the developed method of laryngeal nerves electrophysiological identification. Material and methods. Electrophysiological identification of the recurrent and superior laryngeal nerves was performed intraoperatively in 200 patients operated on goiter. A total of 354 studies of laryngeal nerves were conducted to identify them. Among them, there were 45 unilateral researches and 308 bilateral. Results. In the first region, nerves were identified in 327 cases and unidentified – in 27 cases. In the second region, among the tissues of the surgical wound, nerves were identified in 337 studies and unidentified – in 17. Regarding unidentified nerves in 3 patients on both sides, there were two cases of thyroid cancer and one – multinodular recurrent goiter. In the third section among 354 patients, the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve was identified in 329 (92.9 %) and unidentified in 25. Unidentified nerves are those cases where the nerves are not electrophysiologically isolated among the tissues of the surgical wound, but clearly defined their places of passing. There were no intraoperative injuries of the laryngeal nerves. Conclusions. The technology of intraoperative identification of the laryngeal nerves can identify both the recurrent and superior nerves of the larynx, or determine the probable areas of its passage and prevent their injuries during the surgery

Remote results of hemithyroidectomy and their prognostication in patients with unilateral nodular goiter combined with autoimmune thyroiditis

As a result of the histological examination of the removed thyroid tissue, autoimmune thyroiditis has been diagnosed in 10.4% of patients. During the surgical treatment and while choosing the surgery volume, the pathogenetic mechanisms of the onset and progression of autoimmune processes in the thyroid tissue are not taken into account