Lipid Oxidation Assessed by Indirect Calorimetry Predicts Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes

Purpose: Diabetes has been linked to an impaired ability to oxidize fatty acids. Fat oxidation can be assessed clinically by a respiratory quotient measurement during fasting. We hypothesized that a respiratory quotient might predict metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes onset.Methods: In this longitudinal study we used an existing database of 233 individuals who had complete nutritional and biochemical data at baseline and after 12-month follow-up. All participants underwent an indirect calorimetry to measure the respiratory quotient. We excluded participants with diabetes, metabolic syndrome, chronic diseases, and those who had changed food habits in the previous 3 months. Only 88 subjects met the inclusion criteria.Results: Two individuals developed type 2 diabetes and 10 metabolic syndrome after 1 year. Participants in the high respiratory quotient group (>0.91) had a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome/diabetes than those in the low quotient group (25 vs. 8% p = 0.04). In this group, mean basal respiratory quotient was 0.97 ± 0.04. In the high respiratory quotient group, Kaplan-Meier curves showed a greater probability of having metabolic syndrome/diabetes than those in the low respiratoryquotient group (log Rank χ2-test = 8.44; p = 0.004). A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model demonstrated that energy expenditure and weight increase did not predict metabolic syndrome/diabetes [HR (95% CI) = 1 (0.996–1.005), p = 0.86 and 3.9 (0.407–38.061), p = 0.23, respectively).Conclusions: A greater probability of metabolic syndrome/diabetes was found in individuals with a basal respiratory quotient of >0.91 than in those with a respiratoryquotient of ≤ 0.91 after 1 year. In the short-term anthropometric measurements and their variation overtime were not correlated with metabolic syndrome/diabetes

Smile analysis: The buccal corridor | [Valutazione del corridoio vestibolare nell'analisi del sorriso]

Abstract In questa analisi del sorriso si è preso in esame il corridoio vestibolare per valutare e quantificare con metodo scientifico la sua presenza e metterla in correlazione con altre strutture. Obiettivo del lavoro è analizzare i rapporti tra porzione più vestibolare del canino e rima labiale; presenza del corridoio vestibolare, distanza tra la linea mediana incisiva e la rima labiale. È stata effettuata un’analisi statistica dei dati raccolti in un campione di 79 soggetti tra 20 e 25 anni. È risultato negativo il Coefficiente di correlazione di Pearson per la correlazione tra: 1) canino rima labiale - corridoio vestibolare, 2) distanza del piano occlusale dell’incisivo laterale dal piano occlusale dell’incisivo centrale - corridoio vestibolare, 3) corridoio vestibolare - distanza tra la linea mediana e la rima labiale. Si può quindi concludere che sia la distanza dal canino alla rima labiale sia il corridoio vestibolare sono da ritenersi una pura sensazione clinica

Distal movement of maxillary canines and premolars with sectional mechanics following Distal Jet application to molars. Utilizzo dei sezionali di arretramento per premolari e canini superiori dopo la distalizzazione molare con Distal Jet.

Objectives: to assess the effectiveness of Distal Jet without simultaneous fixed appliance treatment. Subjects and methods: twenty subjects with Class II malocclusion who received the Distal Jet appliance to move maxillary molars distally. Subsequently,the canine and premolar distal movements were achieved by the use of .017 x .025 Ni-Ti sectional wires and memory power chain. Results: revealed that Distal Jet is more effective with less anchorage loss when this appliance is used independent of multibracket appliances. Conclusion: this study showed that Distal Jet is an effective and predictable appliance. The distal movements of upper premolars, canines and incisors with sectional wires fabricated from .017 x .025 Ni-Ti were biomechanically very effective, simple in clinical application, and did not require any patient compliance

Aesthetical standards and new technologies: a comparison

Aim: The aim of this work is to evaluate whether some facial components have a stronger impact than others on the perception of beauty and to determine whether classical aesthetical standards are still valid for the current face types. Methods and materials: 58 students aged 18-30 years, 32 male and 26 female were analized. Face photos in a rest position were loaded on “Point.tool” software and some facial landmarks were loaded on “Venus” software to simulate aesthetical improvements. The square Pöch-Perseo mesh was used to develop our own mesh and each face was associated with a reference geometrical shape and a mesh. We carried out a quantitative and a qualitative evaluation of the face after and before the improvement of 75%. The data was subdivided into four categories. Statistical analyses: “Kolmogorov-Smirnov”, “Kruskal-Wallis” and “ManWhitney U” tests were used. Data distribution in each group is not standard. There is a statistically significant difference in the four categories in each group. Result: There are no facial components having a stronger impact on the beauty and attractiveness of a face. No geometrical shape prevails in our sample, although the oval shape is more represented than the others. Conclusion: Classical beauty norms (oval shaped) can no longer be the only appropriate aesthetical reference for the variety of face types we examine in our daily practice

Failure evaluation after a 6-year retention period: a comparison between glass fiber-reinforced (GFR) and multistranded bonded retainers. [Évaluation des échecs après six ans de contention : comparaison des appareils de contention en composite renforcé aux fibres (CRF) et les fils torsades collés]

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare bond failure and breakage rates of two types of bonded lingual orthodontic retainers (GFR and .0175" multistranded stainless steel wire [MST]) after a 6-year retention period. Subjects and methods: Eighty-five young adults were randomly divided into two groups: 40 subjects received 48 GFR retainers (14 maxillary and 34 mandibular retainers), and 45 subjects received 50 MST retainers (18 maxillary and 32 mandibular retainers). A Fisher's exact test was performed in order to identify significant differences in the percentage of detachment and breakage of the retainers between the groups. Results: The maxillary detachment rates were 21.42% for the GFR group and 22.22% for the MST group; the mandibular detachment rates were 11.76% for the GFR group and 15.62% for the MST group. The maxillary breakage rates were 7.14% for the GFR group and 16.66% for the MST group; the mandibular breakage rates were 8.82% for the GFR group and 15.62% for the MST group. The differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: GFR and multistranded stainless steel retainers showed similar results in terms of bond failure and breakage after 6 years of retention. The use of GFR retainers as a retention strategy should not be discouraged and could be considered a viable esthetic alternative to stainless steel wire retainers. © 2011 CEO

Evaluation of mechanical properties of three different screws for rapid maxillary expansion

Background: The aim of this in vitro study was the evaluation of the mechanical properties the screws for rapid maxillary expansion (RME).Methods: Three commercially available screws for RME were tested: Leone A2620; Dentaurum Hyrax; Forestadent Palatal Split Screw. All expansion screws were 10 mm in size. For the evaluation of mechanical properties, the screws for RME were adjusted using the same maxillary dental model. An Instron 3365 testing machine with a load cell of 5 kN recorded the forces released by the screws at different amounts of activation (1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 quarters of a turn). Each type of screw was tested 10 times. Comparisons between the forces released by the different types of screws at different amounts of activation were carried out by means of analysis of Kruskal-Wallis test with post-hoc test di Tukey (P < 0.05).Results: The results of this study showed that all 3 expansion devices were able to develop forces that could produce a separation of the palatine processes. The Hyrax and A2620 expanders developed force values over 20 kg and the Palatal Split screws about 16 kg. Both the A2620 and Hyrax expanders showed significantly greater amounts of forces at all the different amounts of activations with respect to the Palatal Split screw

Apical Dimension of Root Canal Clinically Assessed with and without Periapical Lesions

To clinically evaluate the dimension of the more apical extent of the root canal after appropriate preflaring in the case of primary treatment and retreatment with and without the presence of periapical radiolucency, 392 single-rooted teeth with only one canal were evaluated during endodontic therapy. The canals were divided in two groups depending on the presence or absence of periapical radiolucency. After preflaring of the root canal the size of the root canal terminus (apical canal dimension) was gauged with hand-held Light Speed LS1 files inserted at the estimated working length and established with the use of an electronic apex locator. The dimension recorded in the computer database was represented by the largest instrument able to reach the electronically established working length. The differences between the treatment groups were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U test and the significance level was set at P<0.05. Teeth with lesions had a significantly greater diameter in the apical region than teeth without lesions (P<0.001). The dimension of the apical portion of the root canal is larger in the case of periapical radiolucency. This involves verifying this parameter in order to use the correct sized instruments and to obtain an efficient cutting action at the apical level

Efficacy of Behaviour Change Techniques to improve oral hygiene control of individuals undergoing orthodontic therapy. A systematic review

Aim: This study aims to review the available evidence on the efficacy of behaviour change techniques to improve compliance in young orthodontic patients and to compare these with conventional oral hygiene instructions. Methods: The review was conducted according to the PRISMA statement. PICO method was used to define eligibility criteria. Two independent reviewers performed the research, examined electronic databases (MEDLINE, Scopus and CENTRAL) and manually checked relevant journals. Only RCTs with more than 10 participants and 3 months follow-up were included. Data extraction and their qualitative analysis were performed for included studies. Results: Search strategy identified 320 articles. After screening for titles, abstracts and full texts, 10 articles were then selected for qualitative analysis. High methodological heterogeneity was present among studies and therefore no meta-analysis was performed. Low risk of bias was detected for one study only. The most common intervention was “mobile phone communication,” which was investigated in five studies. Motivational interviewing, repeated reinforcements and visual-aided approach were also examined. Conclusion: The interest in remote control of patients compliance appears to be fruitful, nonetheless there is no consensus as to a unique treatment protocol. Every other treatment looks beneficial but higher methodological homogeneity should be sought for in future investigations. © 2020 John Wiley &amp; Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Lt