In vitro analysis of antibacterial activity against wound pathogens, potential for wound healing, and anti‐melanoma properties of biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles

Abstract Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of wound infections. Infected wounds increase wound severity and have a slower rate of healing. Moreover, emergence of multiple‐drug resistant bacteria such as methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA) limited treatment options. This study was therefore aimed to evaluate antibacterial activity against wound pathogen and wound‐healing properties of green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles derived from mangosteen peel crude extract (ZnO‐Gm). Moreover, their anti‐skin cancer activity was also investigated in vitro. As a result, the ZnO‐Gm particles significantly inhibited growth of S. aureus and MRSA with the IC50 values at 0.44 and 0.51 mg/mL, respectively. By performing quantitative reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, the intracellular ROS in both treated S. aureus and MRSA with ZnO‐Gm was found to be significantly elevated. Furthermore, ZnO‐Gm exhibited cytotoxic effects via induction of apoptosis on the A375 melanoma cancer cell line, with an IC50 value of 8.91 µg/mL, while not affecting the normal cell line (Vero). In addition, 30 µg/mL of ZnO‐Gm could strongly promote wound healing of an epidermal keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). Consequently, the findings of this study demonstrated that the green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles have potential as antibacterial agents, wound‐healing materials, and anti‐melanoma agents

Effects of Waste-Derived ZnO Nanoparticles against Growth of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria and Epidermoid Carcinoma Cells

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) has recently gained considerable interest because it is simple, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective. This study therefore aimed to synthesize ZnO NPs by utilizing bioactive compounds derived from waste materials, mangosteen peels, and water hyacinth crude extracts and investigated their antibacterial and anticancer activities. As a result, X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of ZnO NPs without impurities. An ultraviolet–visible absorption spectrum showed a specific absorbance peak around 365 nm with an average electronic band gap of 2.79 eV and 2.88 eV for ZnO NPs from mangosteen peels and a water hyacinth extract, respectively. An SEM analysis displayed both spherical shapes of ZnO NPs from the mangosteen peel extract (dimension of 154.41 × 172.89 nm) and the water hyacinth extract (dimension of 142.16 × 160.30 nm). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy further validated the occurrence of bioactive molecules on the produced ZnO NPs. By performing an antibacterial activity assay, these green synthesized ZnO NPs significantly inhibited the growth of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, and Ralstonia solanacearum. Moreover, they demonstrated potent anti-skin cancer activity in vitro. Consequently, this study demonstrated the possibility of using green-synthesized ZnO NPs in the development of antibacterial or anticancer agents. Furthermore, this research raised the prospect of increasing the value of agricultural waste

Potential usage of biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles from mangosteen peel ethanol extract to inhibit Xanthomonas oryzae and promote rice growth

In recent decades, the biosynthesis of nanoparticles using biological agents, such as plant extracts, has grown in popularity due to their environmental and economic benefits. Therefore, this study investigated into utilizing ethanol crude extract sourced from mangosteen peel for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and assessing their efficacy against the rice blight pathogen (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) through antibacterial evaluations. Additionally, the effects of the synthesized ZnO NPs on rice plant growth was investigated. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the production of wurtzite ZnO NPs under specific synthesis conditions, exhibiting a crystallite size of 38.71 nm (or 387.122 Å) without any contamination. Analysis of the ultraviolet–visible optical absorption spectrum indicated a characteristic absorption peak at 363 nm, suggesting a calculated band gap energy of 2.88 eV for the ZnO NPs. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of active compounds functional groups from mangosteen peel in the synthesized ZnO NPs. These biosynthesized ZnO NPs demonstrated significant inhibition of X. oryzae pv. oryzae growth, exhibiting an in vitro 50 % inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 1.895 mg/mL and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 4 mg/mL. The ZnO NPs treatments at two-fold IC50 values significantly enhanced root length, dry biomass, and chlorophyll a content in rice plants. Consequently, the results demonstrated the potential application of biosynthesized ZnO NPs from mangosteen peel extract in green agriculture, as an alternative to excessive antibiotic use, for combating bacterial plant diseases, and for enhancing plant growth

Mulberroside F from In Vitro Culture of Mulberry and the Potential Use of the Root Extracts in Cosmeceutical Applications

Mulberry (Morus spp.) is primarily used in sericulture, and its uses also extend to the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Mulberry extracts are rich in many bioactive compounds that exhibit a wide range of biological properties. Mulberroside F (Moracin M-6, 3′-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside), one of the bioactive compounds found in mulberry, has previously been reported as a whitening agent by inhibiting melanin synthesis and exhibiting antioxidant effects. However, there is still limited information on the presence of this compound in plants cultured in vitro. In this study, the mulberroside F content, biochemical, and cytotoxic properties of the extracts from mulberry cultured in vitro were determined. The results revealed that both root and callus were found to be a potential source of mulberroside F. Furthermore, the mulberroside F content was positively correlated with the inhibitory effects on tyrosinase activity. Cell viability assay also revealed that crude extract of the mulberry root has no cytotoxicity in both human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) and Vero cells. Taken together, mulberry tissue culture represents a possible alternative and continuous production of mulberroside F, which could be further utilized in cosmeceutical applications