The structure of a prokaryotic viral envelope protein expands the landscape of membrane fusion proteins

Lipid membrane fusion is an essential function in many biological processes. Detailed mechanisms of membrane fusion and the protein structures involved have been mainly studied in eukaryotic systems, whereas very little is known about membrane fusion in prokaryotes. Haloarchaeal pleomorphic viruses (HRPVs) have a membrane envelope decorated with spikes that are presumed to be responsible for host attachment and membrane fusion. Here we determine atomic structures of the ectodomains of the 57-kDa spike protein VP5 from two related HRPVs revealing a previously unreported V-shaped fold. By Volta phase plate cryo-electron tomography we show that VP5 is monomeric on the viral surface, and we establish the orientation of the molecules with respect to the viral membrane. We also show that the viral membrane fuses with the host cytoplasmic membrane in a process mediated by VP5. This sheds light on protein structures involved in prokaryotic membrane fusion.Peer reviewe

Debating Points: Marriage and Family Issues

This brief, inexpensive paperback provides a series of quality readings on 8 major issues--arranged in pro/con format-- regarding sociological aspects of marriage and the family. It helps readers explore the many aspects of each issue and challenges them to think critically through all sides of an issue. An opening narrative of each controversy and closing summary keep readers focused on key points throughout each debate. Lists readings and internet sites for further research. Is Single Parenthood Threatening the Family? Should Gay Marriages Be Permitted? Is Marriage Good For You? Is Today\u27s High Divorce Rate a Problem for Society? Are Working Parents Neglecting their children? Is Domestic Violence Common? Should Surrogate Mothering Be Discouraged? Are Stepfamilies Destined For Trouble? Anyone interested in contemporary sociological issues concerning marriage and the family.http://digitalcommons.framingham.edu/books/1059/thumbnail.jp

Mycobacterium thermoresistibile Infection following Knee-Replacement Surgery

We report a case of Mycobacterium thermoresistibile as a cause of infection following total knee replacement. This infection was masked by the prior isolation of a vancomycin-resistant enterococcus. The infection was resolved with long-term therapy using moxifloxacin and doxycycline

Mycobacterium thermoresistibile infection following knee-replacement surgery.

We report a case of Mycobacterium thermoresistibile as a cause of infection following total knee replacement. This infection was masked by the prior isolation of a vancomycin-resistant enterococcus. The infection was resolved with long-term therapy using moxifloxacin and doxycycline