1,603 research outputs found
Graph Reasoning Transformer for Image Parsing
Capturing the long-range dependencies has empirically proven to be effective
on a wide range of computer vision tasks. The progressive advances on this
topic have been made through the employment of the transformer framework with
the help of the multi-head attention mechanism. However, the attention-based
image patch interaction potentially suffers from problems of redundant
interactions of intra-class patches and unoriented interactions of inter-class
patches. In this paper, we propose a novel Graph Reasoning Transformer (GReaT)
for image parsing to enable image patches to interact following a relation
reasoning pattern. Specifically, the linearly embedded image patches are first
projected into the graph space, where each node represents the implicit visual
center for a cluster of image patches and each edge reflects the relation
weight between two adjacent nodes. After that, global relation reasoning is
performed on this graph accordingly. Finally, all nodes including the relation
information are mapped back into the original space for subsequent processes.
Compared to the conventional transformer, GReaT has higher interaction
efficiency and a more purposeful interaction pattern. Experiments are carried
out on the challenging Cityscapes and ADE20K datasets. Results show that GReaT
achieves consistent performance gains with slight computational overheads on
the state-of-the-art transformer baselines.Comment: Accepted in ACM MM202
Analyzing the Hardware-Software Implications of Multi-modal DNN Workloads using MMBench
The explosive growth of various types of big data and advances in AI
technologies have catalyzed a new type of applications called multi-modal DNNs.
Multi-modal DNNs are capable of interpreting and reasoning about information
from multiple modalities, making them more applicable to real-world AI
scenarios. In recent research, multi-modal DNNs have outperformed the best
uni-modal DNN in a wide range of applications from traditional multimedia to
emerging autonomous systems. However, despite their importance and superiority,
very limited research attention has been devoted to understand the
characteristics of multi-modal DNNs and their implications on current computing
software/hardware platforms.
To facilitate research and advance the understanding of these multi-modal DNN
workloads, we first present MMbench, an open-source benchmark suite consisting
of a set of real-world multi-modal DNN workloads with relevant performance
metrics for evaluation. Then we use MMbench to conduct an in-depth analysis on
the characteristics of multi-modal DNNs. We study their implications on
application and programming framework, operating and scheduling system, as well
as execution hardware. Finally, we conduct a case study and extend our
benchmark to edge devices. We hope that our work can provide guidance for
future software/hardware design and optimization to underpin multi-modal DNNs
on both cloud and edge computing platforms
Activation of Ī²-Adrenoceptors by Dobutamine May Induce a Higher Expression of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors Ī“ (PPARĪ“) in Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes
Recent evidence showed the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in cardiac function. Cardiac contraction induced by various agents is critical in restoring the activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors Ī“ (PPARĪ“) in cardiac myopathy. Because dobutamine is an agent widely used to treat heart failure in emergency setting, this study is aimed to investigate the change of PPARĪ“ in response to dobutamine. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were used to examine the effects of dobutamine on PPARĪ“ expression levels and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) phosphorylation via Western blotting analysis. We show that treatment with dobutamine increased PPARĪ“ expression and cTnI phosphorylation in a time- and dose-dependent manner in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. These increases were blocked by the antagonist of Ī²1-adrenoceptors. Also, the action of dobutamine was related to the increase of calcium ions and diminished by chelating intracellular calcium. Additionally, dobutamine-induced action was reduced by the inhibition of downstream messengers involved in this calcium-related pathway. Moreover, deletion of PPARĪ“ using siRNA generated the reduction of cTnI phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes treated with dobutamine. Thus, we concluded that PPARĪ“ is increased by dobutamine in cardiac cells
Cascaded deep monocular 3D human pose estimation with evolutionary training data
End-to-end deep representation learning has achieved remarkable accuracy for
monocular 3D human pose estimation, yet these models may fail for unseen poses
with limited and fixed training data. This paper proposes a novel data
augmentation method that: (1) is scalable for synthesizing massive amount of
training data (over 8 million valid 3D human poses with corresponding 2D
projections) for training 2D-to-3D networks, (2) can effectively reduce dataset
bias. Our method evolves a limited dataset to synthesize unseen 3D human
skeletons based on a hierarchical human representation and heuristics inspired
by prior knowledge. Extensive experiments show that our approach not only
achieves state-of-the-art accuracy on the largest public benchmark, but also
generalizes significantly better to unseen and rare poses. Code, pre-trained
models and tools are available at this HTTPS URL.Comment: Accepted to CVPR 2020 as Oral Presentatio
SORTING NEXIN 1 Functions in Plant Salt Stress Tolerance Through Changes of NO Accumulation by Regulating NO Synthase-Like Activity
Nitric oxide (NO) production via NO synthase (NOS) plays a vital role in plant tolerance to salt stress. However, the factor(s) regulating NOS-like activity in plant salt stress tolerance remains elusive. Here, we show that Arabidopsis SORTING NEXIN 1 (SNX1), which can restore H2O2-induced NO accumulation in yeast Īsnx4 mutant, functions in plant salt stress tolerance. Salt stress induced NO accumulation through promoted NOS-like activity in the wild type, but this induction was repressed in salt-stressed snx1-2 mutant with the mutation of SNX1 because NOS-like activity was inhibited in the mutant. Consistently, snx1-2 displayed reduced tolerance to high salinity with decreased survival rate compared with the wild type, and exogenous treatment with NO donor significantly rescued the hypersensitivity of the mutant to salt stress. In addition, the snx1-2 mutant with reduced NOS-like activity repressed the expression of stress-responsive genes, decreased proline accumulation and anti-oxidant ability compared with wild-type plants when subjected to salt stress. Taken together with our finding that salt induces the expression of SNX1, our results reveal that SNX1 plays a crucial role in plant salt stress tolerance by regulating NOS-like activity and thus NO accumulation
Enhancing the in vivo transdermal delivery of gold nanoparticles using poly(ethylene glycol) and its oleylamine conjugate
Navigated intramedullary nailing for patients with intertrochanteric hip fractures is cost-effective at high-volume hospitals in mainland China: A markov decision analysis
ObjectivePrevious studies have reported that navigation systems can improve clinical outcomes of intramedullary nailing (IMN) for patients with intertrochanteric fractures. However, information is lacking regarding the relationship between the costs of navigated systems and clinical outcomes. The present research aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of navigated IMN as compared with traditional freehand IMN for patients with intertrochanteric fractures.MethodsA Markov decision model with a 5-year time horizon was constructed to investigate the costs, clinical outcomes and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of navigated IMN for a 70-year-old patient with an intertrochanteric fracture in mainland China. The costs [Chinese Yuan (Ā„)], health utilities (quality-adjusted life-years, QALYs) and transition probabilities were obtained from published studies. The willingness-to-pay threshold for ICER was set at Ā„1,40,000/QALY following the Chinese gross domestic product in 2020. Three institutional surgical volumes were used to determine the average navigation-related costs per patient: low volume (100 cases), medium volume (200 cases) and high volume (300 cases).ResultsInstitutes at which 300, 200 and 100 cases of navigated IMN were performed per year showed an ICER of Ā„43,149/QALY, Ā„76,132.5/QALY and Ā„1,75,083/QALY, respectively. Navigated IMN would achieve cost-effectiveness at institutes with an annual volume of more than 125 cases.ConclusionsOur analysis demonstrated that the navigated IMN could be cost-effective for patients with inter-trochanteric fracture as compared to traditional freehand IMN. However, the cost-effectiveness was more likely to be achieved at institutes with a higher surgical volume
- ā¦