C omparison of Different Aggregation Methods in Coupling of the Numerical Precipitation Forecasting and Hydrological Forecasting

AbstractThe coupling of the numerical precipitation forecasting and the hydrological forecasting model is one of the methods to prolong the forecast period. It is a question that how to coupling the numerical grid precipitation with the traditional hydrological forecasting model, because different data processing methods will affect the forecast accuracy. Currently, the lumped precipitation data is used in the hydrological forecasting model. Aggregation method is used to coupling the numerical precipitation forecasting and the traditional hydrological model in this paper. The affections of four different aggregation methods are compared. The best method is inverse distance weighting method in Theissen Polygon

Notch Ligand Delta-like 4 (Dll4) Induces Epigenetic Mechanism in Regulatory T Cell Function During Pulmonary Viral Infection

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infects more than 90% of children under two years of age. It is the number one leading cause of hospitalizations for infants and young children. Inpatients suffer from RSV-induced moderate to severe bronchiolitis of the lower respiratory tract. RSV pathology that includes mucus hypersecretion, airway obstruction, bronchiolitis, eosinophilia is driven by pathogenic immune responses. Activated CD4 T cells include T helper cells type 1 (Th1), Th2, Th17, and Treg. Th2 and Th17 responses are pathogenic in that they trigger peribronchioalveolar lymphocytic aggregates, augment mucus production and reduce viral clearance. Regulatory T cells (Treg)-defined as Foxp3+ CD4 T cells-can be further induced by infection to mitigate RSV immunopathology including pathogenic Th2 responses. Understanding how Treg cells are regulated may reveal potential targets to therapeutically alleviate RSV-induced immunopathology. A recent study demonstrated that Notch ligand-Delta-like 4 (Dll4) was up-regulated to attenuate RSV pathology, and intracellular Notch signaling perturbs Treg cell stability in autoimmune disease. But the role of Notch ligand Dll4 in Treg cells in pulmonary infection is still elusive. In this dissertation, we will demonstrate 1) The role of Dll4 in Treg and 2) How Dll4 regulates Treg during RSV infection. The current dissertation demonstrates that Dll4 was up-regulated by RSV infection especially on CD11b+ pulmonary dendritic cells (DC). Using systemic Dll4 neutralization and a Dll4 knockdown DC transfer model, we found that Dll4 enhanced Foxp3 expression and reduced RSV immunopathology. Dll4 promoted peripheral Treg cell differentiation, harnessed Treg cell effector function, and stabilized Treg from Th17-like identities in vitro and in vivo during RSV infection. Using an epigenetic enzyme PCR array, we found that Dll4 and Notch signaling enhanced the expression of a novel histone methyltransferase-SET and MYND domain containing protein 3 (SMYD3) in vitro and in vivo during RSV infection. SMYD3 catalyzed Dll4-facilitated histone 3 lysine 4 tri-methylation (H3K4me3) around the Foxp3 loci in induced Treg cells, and SMYD3 differentially regulated Dll4-stimulated genes discovered by RNA-seq. Consistent with Dll4 activation, SMYD3 sustained Treg cells promoted anti-inflammatory IL-10 expression and prevented IL-17A production from T cells to mitigate pathogenic cytokines and mucus production. Collectively, the studies in this dissertation suggest that Notch and its ligand Dll4 augment immunomodulatory Treg cell programs to ameliorate RSV immunopathology in part through an epigenetic mechanism-SMYD3. The results presented herein lay the foundation for future therapeutics targeting pulmonary and other mucosal inflammatory diseases.PHDMolecular & Cellular PathologyUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144081/1/tingha_1.pd

From Erasmus to Maius:The History of Codex Vaticanus in New Testament Textual Scholarship

The famous Codex Vaticanus (Vat. gr. 1209 in the Vatican Library) is currently regarded as one of the most essential sources for reconstructing the Greek text of the New Testament. Although it had already been used by textual critics from the sixteenth century onward, the manuscript only rose to the prominent status it now holds in the course of the nineteenth century. This PhD thesis writes the scholarly history of Codex Vaticanus, beginning from Desiderius Erasmus (1466–1536) and his Greek New Testament editions until the editio princeps of this manuscript prepared by Cardinal Angelus Maius (1782–1854). In this time-period that spans 350 years, perceptions of this manuscript changed profoundly. For a long time it had been seen as an inferior witness, useless for making the Greek New Testament edition. However, scholars gradually discovered its value and importance, and their appreciation eventually led to the consensus that considers its text as foundational for the Modern Critical Text, the basis for many contemporary vernacular translations of the New Testament.By examining critical editions, analysing monographs and articles, considering book reviews and pamphlets, and delving into archive collections, the present study delineates the stages of the manuscript’s progression from an ancient manuscript held at the Vatican Library to its designation as the ‘Codex Vaticanus’. It is a study of the many individuals and their stories surrounding this very manuscript, stories about accessibility and the dissemination of knowledge, authority and head-on collisions between the most learned critics, and of continuity and changing paradigms in scholarship. All in all, this thesis sets out how Codex Vaticanus became the manuscript par excellence in the history of New Testament textual scholarship

Study on increasing mechanical properties of recycled multi-composition thermoplastic materials by improving interphase performance （界面特性の改善によりリサイクルマルチ熱可塑性材料における機械的性質の向上に関する研究）

信州大学(Shinshu university)博士（工学）この博士論文は、次の学術雑誌論文を一部に使用しています。 / JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T 9(3):5304-5312 (2020); doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.03.056. © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. / JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 279:123473 (2021); doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123473. © 2019 Elsevier. / APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 10(17):5810 (2020); doi:10.3390/app10175810. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).ThesisLIN, TING AN. Study on increasing mechanical properties of recycled multi-composition thermoplastic materials by improving interphase performance （界面特性の改善によりリサイクルマルチ熱可塑性材料における機械的性質の向上に関する研究）. 信州大学, 2021, 博士論文. 博士（工学）, 甲第758号, 令和03年03月20日授与.doctoral thesi

Surface states scattering from a step defect in topological insulator Bi_{2}Te_{3}

We study theoretically by a quantum-mechanical approach the general scattering problem of a straight step defect on the surface of topological insulator $\mathrm{Bi}_{2}\mathrm{Te}_{3}$ with strong warping effect. At high energy where the warping effect is large, an incident electron on a step defect running along $\Gamma-\mathrm{M}$ direction may exhibit perfect transmission whereas on a defect running along $\Gamma-\mathrm{K}$ direction has a finite probability to be reflected and may even exhibit resonant total reflection. Transmission properties in the latter case are also very sensitive to whether there is particle-hole symmetry. The predicted Friedel oscillations and the power-law decaying behavior of the local density of states (LDOS) near the defect are in good agreement with recent scanning tunneling microscope experiments on $\mathrm{Bi}_{2}\mathrm{Te}_{3}$. The high-energy LDOS of the surface states is also found to show the multi-periodic Friedel oscillations, caused by competing characteristic scattering processes.Comment: 11 pages,7 figure

Anticipating Daily Intention using On-Wrist Motion Triggered Sensing

Anticipating human intention by observing one's actions has many applications. For instance, picking up a cellphone, then a charger (actions) implies that one wants to charge the cellphone (intention). By anticipating the intention, an intelligent system can guide the user to the closest power outlet. We propose an on-wrist motion triggered sensing system for anticipating daily intentions, where the on-wrist sensors help us to persistently observe one's actions. The core of the system is a novel Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and Policy Network (PN), where the RNN encodes visual and motion observation to anticipate intention, and the PN parsimoniously triggers the process of visual observation to reduce computation requirement. We jointly trained the whole network using policy gradient and cross-entropy loss. To evaluate, we collect the first daily "intention" dataset consisting of 2379 videos with 34 intentions and 164 unique action sequences. Our method achieves 92.68%, 90.85%, 97.56% accuracy on three users while processing only 29% of the visual observation on average