Sodium Flux during Haemodialysis

Dialysis is aimed at the removal of charged ionic species in the blood that arise from complications in kidney disease. Although the process for the removal of urea and other unwanted charged species is understood, the effect of this removal on the net sodium concentration in the blood after treatment is not clear. In this report, we focus on formulating a fundamentally-based model to address this question. We consider the formulation near the membrane at the pore scale in order to determine effective jump conditions in ionic concentrations, electric potential and flow rate based on the membrane properties, and in order to determine whether electroneutrality holds within the pore. Secondly, we consider the local blood-cell concentration within one of the fibres and how this varies axially within the dialysis cartridge. Lastly, we consider a simple one-dimensional model of the charged species problem and find that advection transport through the membrane is important for sodium transport, but less pertinent for transport of other cation species

VALUE-ADDED ACTIVITIES AS A RURAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY: DISCUSSION

Community/Rural/Urban Development,

IMPORTANCE OF UNDERSTANDING CONSUMPTION DYNAMICS IN MARKET RECOVERY PERIODS

Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,

CATFISH PRODUCER HARVEST RESPONSE TO PRODUCTION AND ASYMMETRIC PRICE RISK

Harvest response to production and asymmetric price risk was analyzed using an ordinary least squares model. Statistically significant responses to production-quality and output price risk were indicated. Results suggest that alternative pricing strategies designed to reduce risk may alter harvest response and decrease month to month harvest variability.Demand and Price Analysis, Production Economics,

INVESTMENT DECISIONS IN NEW GENERATION COOPERATIVES: A CASE STUDY OF VALUE ADDED PRODUCTS (VAP) COOPERATIVE IN ALVA, OKLAHOMA

Explaining the phenomena of new generation cooperatives development is important to understand why some producers invest in new generation cooperative investment and some do not. Results from Tobit analysis suggests that non-monetary benefits from investment are significant factors that influence producer investment decisions in new generation cooperative.Agribusiness,

A STOCHASTIC SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF A SMALL-SCALE CATFISH PROCESSING PLANT

Stochastic simulation was used to analyze revenues and costs for a small-scale catfish processing plant under various combinations of operating capacity utilization and price paid for live fish. The probability for a positive level of daily net income ranged from 11 to 100 percent depending on the price paid for live fish and level of operating capacity utilized. Daily average total cost per pound of live fish processed changed by 2.10 percent given a 10 percent change in live fish processed. Short-term cyclical patterns in revenues and costs suggest a need for financial planning to provide for possible year-end revenue shortfalls.Agribusiness,

COALITION DEVELOPMENT IN THE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SYSTEM

The theory of agricultural coalition formation is enhanced by incorporating non-monetary benefits, risk, and fairness. Producer's expected utility and investment decisions in the agricultural cooperative are affected by their perception about non-monetary benefits, risk and fairness associate with the cooperative investment. (Revised edition added in August 2002)Marketing,

TIME VARYING PARAMETERS WITH RANDOM COMPONENTS: THE ORANGE JUICE INDUSTRY

Crop Production/Industries,