Response of Sesbania Green Manuring and Mungbean Residue Incorporation on Microbial Activities for Sustainability of a Rice-Wheat Cropping System

The microbial population and its biomass and nitrogenase activity in plant roots under sandy-clay-loam soil conditions where the plant residues of Sesbania rostrata and mungbean (Vigna radiata) were incorporated were significantly higher than that obtained from summer fallow. The increases in yield of rice and wheat and the total nitrogen content in shoot and grain was also perceptible by the application of green manuring. The results highlight the importance of green manuring in rice-wheat cropping systems under tropical sandy-clay-loam soil conditions of India

Instruments of RT-2 Experiment onboard CORONAS-PHOTON and their test and evaluation IV: Background Simulations using GEANT-4 Toolkit

Hard X-ray detectors in space are prone to background signals due to the ubiquitous cosmic rays and cosmic diffuse background radiation that continuously bombards the satellites which carry the detectors. In general, the background intensity depends on the space environment as well as the material surrounding the detectors. Understanding the behavior of the background noise in the detector is very important to extract the precise source information from the detector data. In this paper, we carry out Monte Carlo simulations using the GEANT-4 toolkit to estimate the prompt background noise measured with the detectors of the RT-2 Experiment onboard the CORONAS-PHOTON satellite.Comment: 21 pages, 10 figures, Accepted for publication in Experimental Astronomy (in press

Ultralow-Power and Secure S-Box Circuit Using FinFET Based ECRL Adiabatic Logic

Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is the widely used technique in critical cyber security applications. In AES architecture S-box is the most important block. However, the power consumed by      S-box is 75% of the total AES design. The   S-box is also prone to Differential Power Analysis (DPA) attack which is one of the most threatening types of attacks in cryptographic systems. In this paper, a     three-stage positive polarity Reed-Muller (PPRM) S-box is implemented with 45nm FinFET using Efficient Charge Recovery Logic (ECRL) to reduce power consumption. The simulation results indicate up to 66% power savings for FinFET based S-box as compared to CMOS design. Further, the FinFET ECRL 8-bit     S-box circuit is evaluated for transitional energy fluctuations and peak current traces to compare its resistance against side-channel attacks. The lower energy variations and uniform current trace exhibit the improved security performance of the circuit to withstand DPA and Differential Electromagnetic Radiation Attacks (DEMA)

Power optimized programmable embedded controller

Now a days, power has become a primary consideration in hardware design, and is critical in computer systems especially for portable devices with high performance and more functionality. Clock-gating is the most common technique used for reducing processor's power. In this work clock gating technique is applied to optimize the power of fully programmable Embedded Controller (PEC) employing RISC architecture. The CPU designed supports i) smart instruction set, ii) I/O port, UART iii) on-chip clocking to provide a range of frequencies , iv) RISC as well as controller concepts. The whole design is captured using VHDL and is implemented on FPGA chip using Xilinx .The architecture and clock gating technique together is found to reduce the power consumption by 33.33% of total power consumed by this chip.Comment: 11 pages,11 figures,International Journal Publicatio

A review on factors affecting the design of nasal drug delivery system

Transmucosal nasal delivery is a promising drug delivery option where common drug administrations (e.g., intravenous, intramuscular, or oral) are inapplicable. Recently, it has been shown that many drugs have better bioavailability by nasal route than by oral route. This has been attributed to rich vasculature and a highly permeable structure of the nasal mucosa coupled with avoidance of hepatic first-pass elimination, gut wall metabolism and/or destruction in the gastrointestinal tract. The physiology of the nose presents obstacles, but offers a promising route for non-invasive systemic delivery of numerous therapies and debatably drug delivery route to the brain. To overcoming problems in nasal drug delivery requires deep understanding of the various factors affecting nasal delivery. Thus present review focuses on various aspects of nasal drug delivery with special emphasis to factors affecting nasal drug administration.Keywords: Transmucosal nasal delivery, hepatic first-pass metabolism, non-invasive, microemulsions, microspheres

ASSESSMENT OF IONIZED CALCIUM STATUS IN FEBRILE SEIZURES

Introduction: Epilepsy is one of the most common disorders of the brain1. One of every ten people will have at least one epileptic seizure during a normal lifespan, and a third of these will develop epilepsy. In children the most common forms of convulsion are febrile seizures. Water electrolyte imbalance occurs during acute febrile illness and hypocalcaemia is one of them. Hypocalcaemia is also present in cases of seizures. To find out significance of calcium levels in cases of seizures this study was conducted. Aims and objectives: To assess the level of ionized calcium in cases of febrile seizure. Methods: This Case - Control study was conducted on fifty cases of febrile seizures and fifty age, weight matched controls at Department of Biochemistry, Varun Arjun Medical College, Shahjahanpur,U.P., India. Results: Mean ionized calcium level was 4.62 ±0.26mg/dl and 4.88 ±0.27 mg/dl in study and control groups respectively and this difference was found statistically highly significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: The findings suggest that a considerable percentage of children having febrile seizures suffer from calcium deficiency