Mathematical simulation application for research of nonuniform distributed-parameter circuit transients

This paper considers the simulation capability of nonuniform distributed-parameter circuit transients by using MatLab Simulink. This approach is capable of determining currents and voltages of nodes for power networks of any configurations and modes. The paper contains results of nonuniform line simulations in idle, short-circuit and load modes

Case Method as a Tool for Evaluation and Development of Terminological Competence of Future Teachers

Introduction. Theoretical and practical aspects of applying case methods have been considered for the first time as tools for developing terminological competence of students mastering educational programs in the field of pedagogics. The aim of the study is to determine scientific basis for choosing and applying cases while studying specifics of development of terminological competence in the field of didactics, and assessment of their efficiency at different levels of professional training of a teacher . Materials and methods. The study is based on the analysis of solution of pedagogical cases. The data were processed using mathematical statistics methods. The sample included 860 persons, among them students currently undergoing vocational training and those receiving higher education, teachers of secondary schools and institutions of secondary vocational pedagogical education. Results. The findings of the study indicate that object-cognitive, professional-speech and reflective-evaluation cases provide for efficient use of the case method in evaluation of the level of formedness of terminological competence. Empirical verification of the cases allowed to identify differences in the extent to which terminological competence of future teachers is formed at different stages of professional training, and the significance of object-cognitive component in ensuring that professional terminology is duly mastered. The effectiveness of completion of different case types was evaluated. This study expanded our understanding of principles of selection and structuring of case tasks to evaluate and improve development of future teachers’ terminological competence in the course of learning theoretical basics of modern teaching. The research results provide a better understanding of case methods in pedagogical education. Discussion and conclusion. The case method is an important issue for future research. A further study of the other subject fields in professional pedagogical training with special focus on the level of terminological competence of educators in secondary and vocational schools is suggested. Practical significance of this article lies in the prospect of uncovering potential capabilities of the case method for diagnostic and didactic purposes in universities

Applicability of the modified diatomite for treatment of wastewater containing heavy metals

The paper studies various modifications of diatomite, aiming at creating sorbents for wastewater purification from heavy metal ions. Diatomite of the Akhmatovskoe deposit of the Penza region was considered as a raw material. The processes of physical and chemical modification of diatomite were investigated. Adsorption isotherms were constructed, quantitative characteristics of adsorption of copper ions on the surface of modified sorbents were obtained. A chemical modification (acidic and alkaline) is proposed, which results in an increased adsorption capacity for heavy metal ions. The applicability of diatomite for the purification of highly concentrated wastewater containing heavy metals is shown

Realization of the educational potential of social advertising

The study of advertising discourse in modern Russian science is dedicated to a large number of works, but there are not enough specific studies of the social sector of advertising today. However, at the present time, due to dramatic changes in the political and sociocultural life of Russian society, this type of advertising is of particular importance. This paper is aimed at the issue of the specific status of social advertising texts within the framework of modern advertising discourse. An advertising announcement is seen as a polycode text intended for the public in general. The authors pay particular attention to the unity of form and content as a mechanism to influence the awareness and emotions of consumers of advertising. The material for analysis is the texts of street (urban) advertising. The functional-stylistic, cognitive, descriptive, semantic-grammatical, quantitative methods, as well as methods of discourse and comparative analysis are used. By analyzing a large number of texts, the high-impact potential of socially directed advertising texts is concluded. Identifying the semantic dominants of the texts of social advertising allows the authors to conclude about its disciplinary and teaching (educational) functions and consider these texts as one of the tools of human education. It is suggested that specially designed advertising texts can raise people in the spirit of traditional national values, to form the actual value meanings in the minds of those who perceive them. The paper gives examples of polycoded advertising texts functioning today in the living urban area

The Study of Uranium Accumulation in Marine Bottom Sediments: Effect of Redox Conditions at the Time of Sedimentation

To evaluate the effect of redox conditions at the sedimentation stage on uranium content and U/TOC ratio in marine source rocks, we analyzed the accumulation of uranium in modern marine bottom sediments formed in different redox conditions. The behavior of uranium from bottom sediments formed in oxidizing and sub-oxidizing settings has been studied on the sediments of the Upper Pleistocene–Holocene age accumulated in the coastal area of the White Sea (Kandalaksha Gulf). We studied the content of uranium, Eh, pH, TOC, C, H, N, and S element and isotope compositions and other parameters in two sampled columns of bottom sediments at a depth of 0–2.5 m. The composition of sediments was typical for the shelf zone where marine genesis mixes with the continental run-off. The upper layer of sediments (0–50 cm) were characterized by oxidizing conditions (Eh ~ 400 mV); with the increase in depth, redox conditions changed from oxidizing to reducing (−0 ÷ −200 mV). The uranium concentration in the upper layer was 1–1.5 ppm, U/TOC ratio varied in the range of 0.8–1.1 ppmU/%TOC. The uranium content and U/TOC ratio increased up to the values of 2.6 ppm and 1.4 ppmU/%TOC at a depth of 0.5–2.5 m, respectively, but the general content of uranium in the studied environment was close to the values characterizing continental run-off. The results obtained for the White Sea sediments were compared with the sediment of the Black Sea, formed in the anoxic conditions of hydrogen sulfide contamination. In these conditions, the uranium content varied from 10 to 20 ppm. The obtained data were interpreted using thermodynamic modeling of the uranium forms in the seawater at different pH and Eh. This study demonstrated that the change of redox conditions from oxidizing to reducing leads to increased uranium content due to a decrease in uranium’s solubility in water. These results show that oxidation–reduction potential could be one of the most important factors controlling uranium content in black shales formed in the marine environment

Method of transforming unauthorized dump into municipal solid waste landfill

We resolved the issue of eliminating unauthorized dumps of municipal solid waste (MSW). The MSW placement problem attracts special attention of the urban residents in the Russian Federation. However, the number of unauthorized MSW dumps in our country continues to increase. The accumulation of municipal waste in certain localities of urbanized centers, as well as in unauthorized dumps near residential areas is a serious problem for the environment and human health. MSW decomposition products lead to chemical, physical, and biological pollution of the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere. It is difficult to eliminate unauthorized dumps of municipal solid waste, since it is virtually impossible to have advance knowledge about the places of their formation. The objects of our investigation were MSW dumps. We conducted laboratory studies on the composition of wastewaters from the areas of unauthorized dumps within Saratov region, and discovered that precipitation-generated runoff from unauthorized dumps contained manifold excesses of toxic pollutants (heavy metals, organic matter, etc.). We proposed an original method for converting unauthorized dumps of solid household waste into the MSW landfills. The method includes two components: vertical planning of previously formed dump volume and annular surrounding drainage of the open type. The drainage ditch is connected to the water-collecting well, which is linked to the water storage tank joined, in its turn, to the water treatment plant

Chitosan-Covered Calcium Phosphate Particles Co-Loaded with Superoxide Dismutase 1 and ACE Inhibitor: Development, Characterization and Effect on Intraocular Pressure

Improvement of the efficiency of drug penetration into the eye tissues is still an actual problem in ophthalmology. One of the most promising solutions is drug encapsulation in carriers capable of overcoming the cornea/sclera tissue barrier. Formulations on the base of antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), and an inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme, enalaprilat, were prepared by simultaneous inclusion of both drugs into calcium phosphate (CaP) particles in situ with subsequent covering of the particles with 5 kDa chitosan. The formulations obtained were characterized by dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy. Hybrid CaP-chitosan particles co-loaded with SOD1 and enalaprilat had a mean hydrodynamic diameter of 120–160 nm and ζ-potential +20 ± 1 mV. The percentage of the inclusion of SOD1 and enalaprilat in hybrid particles was 30% and 56%, respectively. The ability of SOD1 and enalaprilat to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) was examined in vivo in normotensive Chinchilla rabbits. It was shown that topical instillations of SOD1/enalaprilat co-loaded hybrid particles were much more effective in decreasing IOP compared to free enzyme or free enalaprilat and even to the same particles that contained a single drug. Thus, the proposed formulations demonstrate potential as prospective therapeutic agents for the treatment of glaucoma