Imagining Maine’s Economy in a Postpandemic World

Part of a blog he published on the Bangor Daily News website, in this commentary Stefano Tijerino describes the possible changes to international trade and Maine\u27s economy in the postpandemic world. From his perspective, “the way life should be” is about to be revised and redefined

Ahora o nunca: la Misión Ministerial canadiense a América Latina de 1968 y su impacto en las relaciones bilaterales con Colombia

El presente artículo se centra en lo que aconteció durante la visita ministerial canadiense a América Latina en 1968 y en el impacto que tuvo en el desarrollo de las relaciones bilaterales con Colombia. Canadá utilizó la Misión como una herramienta de relaciones exteriores que le permitió no solamente obtener información suficiente para replantear una política exterior hacia la región sino también establecer compromisos comerciales concretos. En el caso de Colombia, la visita culminó con una serie de acuerdos que sirvieron para inyectarle capital canadiense a proyectos de desarrollo económico en las áreas de infraestructura, energía e investigación agrícola. A Canadá, la parada en Bogotá le sirvió para identificar a Colombia como uno de los países estratégicos dentro de su nueva política exterior

A “clearcut line”: Canada and Colombia, 1892–1979

Canada's involvement in the Americas has been for the most part neglected by scholars in Canadian and Latin American history. American scholars have also disregarded this analysis when they interpret the dynamics of modern hemispheric relations. A more comprehensive understanding of the Western Hemisphere will be achieved by looking at the ways in which Canada developed relations across the region, without interfering with the sphere of influence of imperial powers. Canada's relations with the region emerged from its colonial relationship with Britain; then Canada pursued a different path in the context of its increasing dependence on the United States. From the late nineteenth century, Canada's interest in Latin America remained dominated by agendas of trade. The case study of Canadian-Colombian relations sheds light on the ways in which Canada's private and government actors attempted to construct a clear-cut line of action constrained by limitations imposed by imperial powers. Bilateral relations would initially be established by merchant trade initiatives of the mid nineteenth century. However, its subsidiary role with British interests marked the beginning of a permanent presence of Canadians in Colombia. By the early twentieth century Canadian-owned banks and insurance corporations made their way into the Caribbean, extending their reach to the Atlantic coast of Colombia. By the 1920s, American interests would determine the arrival of Canadian subsidiaries in Colombia. Canada's increasing presence in Colombia before the mid twentieth century would evolve largely without the assistance of official governmental support. Ottawa's reengagement into a North-South approach after the Second World War, and an increasing private sector interest in capitalizing on Colombia's adherence to the international system, eventually forced the creation of an official Canadian policy toward the region. After the 1960s, Canadian development aid would become Ottawa's own clear-cut line that aimed at differentiating itself from the rest of the industrial world. By the end of the 1970s, aid was playing a crucial role in furthering Canadian-Colombian relations and bringing actors in government and the private sector closer together. The study of Canada's involvement in the region enriches the history of Colombia's adhesion into the international system, and it contributes to the broader understanding of Canadian foreign policy and hemispheric history. The analysis of this bilateral relationship also contributes to an understanding of Canadian-American relations and the dynamics of the expansion of capitalist economic development across the region during the twentieth century. The history of Canadian-Colombian engagement from 1892 to 1979 illustrates the crucial role played by Canada's private interests in the definition and maturation of Canada's foreign policy agendas

El papel de las entidades financieras canadienses en el desarrollo de los mercados financieros en Colombia, 1896-1939

Entidades financieras canadienses desempeñaron un papel importante en el desarrollo de los mercados financieros de las principales ciudades colombianas. Aseguradoras tales como Manufacturers Life insurance Company y Life Assurance Company of Canada tuvieron un gran impacto en el desarrollo del negocio de seguros en la costa Atlántica, mientras que Royal Bank of Canada contribuyó al desarrollo de la banca personal. Este artículo se centra en las experiencias de entidades financieras canadienses en Colombia desde finales del siglo XIX hasta el comienzo de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Resalta la naturaleza competitiva del negocio financiero internacional y el papel que cumplieron los líderes empresariales, las políticas públicas y los gobiernos en su lucha por el posicionamiento en los mercados emergentes de países como Colombia. Esta investigación histórica también contribuye a un mejor entendimiento de las relaciones bilaterales entre Colombia y Canadá y la forma como el capitalismo se extendió en el hemisferio occidental.Canadian financial institutions played an important role in the development of financial markets within Colombia´s urban centers. Specifically, insurance companies such as Manufacturers Life Insurance Company and Life Assurance Company of Canada were crucial in the expansion of the insurance business across the Caribbean coast, while Royal Bank of Canada contributed to the development of personal banking operations throughout the nation. This paper looks at the experience of Canadian financial companies in Colombia from the late 1800s to the beginning of World War II. It highlights the competitive nature of international financial business and the role of business leaders, policy, and governments in efforts to secure market shares in emerging nations such as Colombia. This historical research also contributes to a better understanding of the bilateral relations between Colombia and Canada, and the ways in which capitalism expanded across the western hemisphere

Opportunism and Goodwill: Canadian Business Expansion in Colombia, 1867-1979

Canada’s social, economic, political, and environmental impacts on the Western Hemisphere have been largely overlooked by historians and other social scientists. Most narratives of the relationships between North America and the emerging markets of the south disproportionately focus on the United States. By downplaying Canada’s role, these narratives have fallen short in reconstructing the history of the region. Opportunism and Goodwill fills in these historical gaps, looking at the dynamics of the relationship between Canada and Colombia as they were spearheaded by Canada’s private sector. Stefano Tijerina argues that since the first era of globalization during the second half of the nineteenth century, Canada’s private sector has carved out niche markets across Latin America, sometimes working independently and in other instances working on behalf of foreign interests. In his historical analysis of these temporal and spatial dimensions, Tijerina shows that the long-term economic development of Canada and Colombia was intertwined and interdependent, ultimately stressing the importance of transnational approaches to the study of history. Contributing to questions about Canada’s goodwill and other benevolent constructs, Opportunism and Goodwill sets the historical foundation for current debates about Canadian industries across the world.https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/fac_monographs/1319/thumbnail.jp

A Clearcut Line : Canada and Colombia, 1892-1979

Canada\u27s involvement in the Americas has been for the most part neglected by scholars in Canadian and Latin American history. American scholars have also disregarded this analysis when they interpret the dynamics of modern hemispheric relations. A more comprehensive understanding of the Western Hemisphere will be achieved by looking at the ways in which Canada developed relations across the region, without interfering with the sphere of influence of imperial powers. Canada\u27s relations with the region emerged from its colonial relationship with Britain; then Canada pursued a different path in the context of its increasing dependence on the United States. From the late nineteenth century, Canada\u27s interest in Latin America remained dominated by agendas of trade. The case study of Canadian-Colombian relations sheds light on the ways in which Canada\u27s private and government actors attempted to construct a clear-cut line of action constrained by limitations imposed by imperial powers. Bilateral relations would initially be established by merchant trade initiatives of the mid nineteenth century. However, its subsidiary role with British interests marked the beginning of a permanent presence of Canadians in Colombia. By the early twentieth century Canadian-owned banks and insurance corporations made their way into the Caribbean, extending their reach to the Atlantic coast of Colombia. By the 1920s, American interests would determine the arrival of Canadian subsidiaries in Colombia. Canada\u27s increasing presence in Colombia before the mid twentieth century would evolve largely without the assistance of official governmental support. Ottawa\u27s reengagement into a North-South approach after the Second World War, and an increasing private sector interest in capitalizing on Colombia\u27s adherence to the international system, eventually forced the creation of an official Canadian policy toward the region. After the 1960s, Canadian development aid would become Ottawa\u27s own clear-cut line that aimed at differentiating itself from the rest of the industrial world. By the end of the 1970s, aid was playing a crucial role in furthering Canadian-Colombian relations and bringing actors in government and the private sector closer together. The study of Canada\u27s involvement in the region enriches the history of Colombia\u27s adhesion into the international system, and it contributes to the broader understanding of Canadian foreign policy and hemispheric history. The analysis of this bilateral relationship also contributes to an understanding of Canadian-American relations and the dynamics of the expansion of capitalist economic development across the region during the twentieth century. The history of Canadian-Colombian engagement from 1892 to 1979 illustrates the crucial role played by Canada\u27s private interests in the definition and maturation of Canada\u27s foreign policy agendas

Ahora o nunca: la Misión Ministerial canadiense a América Latina de 1968 y su impacto en las relaciones bilaterales con Colombia

El presente artículo se centra en lo que aconteció durante la visita ministerial canadiense a América Latina en 1968 y en el impacto que tuvo en el desarrollo de las relaciones bilaterales con Colombia. Canadá utilizó la Misión como una herramienta de relaciones exteriores que le permitió no solamente obtener información suficiente para replantear una política exterior hacia la región sino también establecer compromisos comerciales concretos. En el caso de Colombia, la visita culminó con una serie de acuerdos que sirvieron para inyectarle capital canadiense a proyectos de desarrollo económico en las áreas de infraestructura, energía e investigación agrícola. A Canadá, la parada en Bogotá le sirvió para identificar a Colombia como uno de los países estratégicos dentro de su nueva política exterior

Un bloque al mismo tiempo: Historiografía de las relaciones de Canadá con América Latina y de Canadá con Colombia

This article revises Canadian-Latin American historiography as well as the existing historiography that deals specifically with Canada and Colombia, in order to point out that Canada’s role in the study of Latin American History has, for the most part, been disregarded by scholars. I make the case that even  though there is a vast history of Canadian presence in the region, historians have  opted to center their hemispheric analysis on British-Latin American and United States-Latin American relations. This, I argue, leaves many gaps in the analysis of modern hemispheric history since the role of middle powers such as Canada,  Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, Ireland, Israel,  Russia, and Japan were influential in shaping societies, economies, landscapes, and markets across the region. The absence of a significant historiography of  Canadian-Colombian relations highlights the fact that there is a gap to be filled by scholars studying the Western Hemisphere. Further study of the role f middle powers in Latin America will bring greater clarity to the understanding of the region’s modernization, economic development, and adaptation to capitalism.Este artículo es una revisión historiográfica del tema Canadá y América Latina, así como del tema Canadá y Colombia, con el propósito de demostrar que el papel de Canadá en el estudio de la historia de América Latina ha sido en gran parte ignorado por los círculos académicos. Sostengo que aunque existe una larga historia de la presencia de Canadá en la región, los historiadores han optado por  centrar su análisis hemisférico en las relaciones entre Inglaterra y América Latina, y Estado Unidos y América Latina. Argumento que esta aproximación deja  grandes vacíos en el análisis moderno de la historia hemisférica, teniendo en cuenta que otros poderes medios como Canadá, Alemania, Francia, Italia, Holanda,  España, Suiza, Irlanda, Israel, Rusia y Japón también tuvieron gran influencia  en la transformación de las sociedades, economías, paisajes y mercados de la región. La ausencia de una significativa historiografía de las relaciones entre Canadá y  Colombia demuestran el hecho de que existe una considerable car cia gran vacío que debe ser cubierto por aquellos que estudian el hemisferio occidental. Un estudio más robusto sobre el papel de los poderes medios en América Latina brindará claridad y generará un mayor entendimiento sobre los procesos de modernización, desarrollo económico y la adaptación al capitalismo experimentada por la región

Um bloco de concreto de cada vez: Historiografia das relações canadense-latino-americanas e canadense-colombianas

Este artículo es una revisión historiográfica del tema Canadá y América Latina, así como del tema Canadá y Colombia, con el propósito de demostrar que el papel de Canadá en el estudio de la historia de América Latina ha sido en gran parte ignorado por los círculos académicos. Sostengo que aunque existe una larga historia de la presencia de Canadá en la región, los historiadores han optado por centrar su análisis hemisférico en las relaciones entre Inglaterra y América Latina, y Estado Unidos y América Latina. Argumento que esta aproximación deja grandes vacíos en el análisis moderno de la historia hemisférica, teniendo en cuenta que otros poderes medios como Canadá, Alemania, Francia, Italia, Holanda, España, Suiza, Irlanda, Israel, Rusia y Japón también tuvieron gran influencia en la transformación de las sociedades, economías, paisajes y mercados de la región. La ausencia de una significativa historiografía de las relaciones entre Canadá y Colombia demuestran el hecho de que existe una considerable carencia gran vacío que debe ser cubierto por aquellos que estudian el hemisferio occidental. Un estudio más robusto sobre el papel de los poderes medios en América Latina brindará claridad y generará un mayor entendimiento sobre los procesos de modernización, desarrollo económico y la adaptación al capitalismo experimentada por la región.This article revises Canadian-Latin American historiography as well as the existing historiography that deals specifically with Canada and Colombia, in order to point out that Canada’s role in the study of Latin American History has, for the most part, been disregarded by scholars. I make the case that even  though there is a vast history of Canadian presence in the region, historians have  opted to center their hemispheric analysis on British-Latin American and United States-Latin American relations. This, I argue, leaves many gaps in the analysis of modern hemispheric history since the role of middle powers such as Canada,  Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, Ireland, Israel,  Russia, and Japan were influential in shaping societies, economies, landscapes, and markets across the region. The absence of a significant historiography of  Canadian-Colombian relations highlights the fact that there is a gap to be filled by scholars studying the Western Hemisphere. Further study of the role f middle powers in Latin America will bring greater clarity to the understanding of the region’s modernization, economic development, and adaptation to capitalism.Este artigo é uma revisão historiográfica do tema o Canadá e a América Latina, assim como do tema o Canadá e a Colômbia, com propósito de demonstrar que o papel da Canadá no estudo da história da América Latina tem sido em grande parte ignorado pelos círculos acadêmicos. Sustento que mesmo que existe uma longa história da presencia da Canadá na região, os historiadores têm optado por centrar sua análise hemisférica nas relações entre a Inglaterra e a América Latina, e os Estados unidos e a América Latina. Argumento que esta aproximação deixa grandes vazios na análise moderna da história hemisférica, tendo em conta que outros poderes meios como o Canadá, a Alemanha, a França, a Itália, a Holanda, a Suíça, a Irlanda, o Israel, a Rússia, e o Japão também tiveram grande influência na transformação das sociedades, economias, paisagens e mercados da região. A ausência de uma significativa historiografia das relações entre o Canadá e a Colômbia, demonstra que o fato de que existe uma considerável carência, grande vazio que deve ser coberto por aqueles que estudam o hemisfério ocidental. Um estudo mais robusto sobre o papel dos poderes meios na América Latina brindará claridade e gerará um maior entendimento sobre os processos de modernização, desenvolvimento econômico e a adaptação ao capitalismo, experimentada pela região

Um bloco de concreto de cada vez: Historiografia das relações canadense-latino-americanas e canadense-colombianas

Este artículo es una revisión historiográfica del tema Canadá y América Latina, así como del tema Canadá y Colombia, con el propósito de demostrar que el papel de Canadá en el estudio de la historia de América Latina ha sido en gran parte ignorado por los círculos académicos. Sostengo que aunque existe una larga historia de la presencia de Canadá en la región, los historiadores han optado por centrar su análisis hemisférico en las relaciones entre Inglaterra y América Latina, y Estado Unidos y América Latina. Argumento que esta aproximación deja grandes vacíos en el análisis moderno de la historia hemisférica, teniendo en cuenta que otros poderes medios como Canadá, Alemania, Francia, Italia, Holanda, España, Suiza, Irlanda, Israel, Rusia y Japón también tuvieron gran influencia en la transformación de las sociedades, economías, paisajes y mercados de la región. La ausencia de una significativa historiografía de las relaciones entre Canadá y Colombia demuestran el hecho de que existe una considerable carencia gran vacío que debe ser cubierto por aquellos que estudian el hemisferio occidental. Un estudio más robusto sobre el papel de los poderes medios en América Latina brindará claridad y generará un mayor entendimiento sobre los procesos de modernización, desarrollo económico y la adaptación al capitalismo experimentada por la región.This article revises Canadian-Latin American historiography as well as the existing historiography that deals specifically with Canada and Colombia, in order to point out that Canada’s role in the study of Latin American History has, for the most part, been disregarded by scholars. I make the case that even  though there is a vast history of Canadian presence in the region, historians have  opted to center their hemispheric analysis on British-Latin American and United States-Latin American relations. This, I argue, leaves many gaps in the analysis of modern hemispheric history since the role of middle powers such as Canada,  Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, Ireland, Israel,  Russia, and Japan were influential in shaping societies, economies, landscapes, and markets across the region. The absence of a significant historiography of  Canadian-Colombian relations highlights the fact that there is a gap to be filled by scholars studying the Western Hemisphere. Further study of the role f middle powers in Latin America will bring greater clarity to the understanding of the region’s modernization, economic development, and adaptation to capitalism.Este artigo é uma revisão historiográfica do tema o Canadá e a América Latina, assim como do tema o Canadá e a Colômbia, com propósito de demonstrar que o papel da Canadá no estudo da história da América Latina tem sido em grande parte ignorado pelos círculos acadêmicos. Sustento que mesmo que existe uma longa história da presencia da Canadá na região, os historiadores têm optado por centrar sua análise hemisférica nas relações entre a Inglaterra e a América Latina, e os Estados unidos e a América Latina. Argumento que esta aproximação deixa grandes vazios na análise moderna da história hemisférica, tendo em conta que outros poderes meios como o Canadá, a Alemanha, a França, a Itália, a Holanda, a Suíça, a Irlanda, o Israel, a Rússia, e o Japão também tiveram grande influência na transformação das sociedades, economias, paisagens e mercados da região. A ausência de uma significativa historiografia das relações entre o Canadá e a Colômbia, demonstra que o fato de que existe uma considerável carência, grande vazio que deve ser coberto por aqueles que estudam o hemisfério ocidental. Um estudo mais robusto sobre o papel dos poderes meios na América Latina brindará claridade e gerará um maior entendimento sobre os processos de modernização, desenvolvimento econômico e a adaptação ao capitalismo, experimentada pela região