Primena menadžmenta ishrane, zdravlja, proizvodnje i reprodukcije mlečnih krava

Main goal of each livestock production is profit. On dairy cow farms aim is to produce as much milk as possible, similarly on beef farms main aim is to produce as much meat as possible. Both productions (dairy and beef) are directly dependant on fertility since if there is no calf there is no milk or meat either. Cow fertility is influenced by numerous genetic and paragenetic factors. It is thought that nutrition and proper reproduction management can affect fertility up to 70%. Goal of our work was to compare four different productive systems and point out on problems that occurred, possible mistakes and solutions. On the basis of conducted research in Appling of protocols in feeding, control of health and reproduction of dairy cows in a period of three years we have concluded that adequate and monitored nutrition is a key for successful reproduction. Beside that it is necessary to constantly monitor of health and reproduction and to conduct therapeutic protocols in order to achieve herd fertility of 80%.Cilj svake stočarske proizvodnje je profit. Na farmama visoko-mlečnih krava cilj je što veća proizvodnja mleka, sličan je slučaj i na farmama za tov, ali sa krajnjim ciljem proizvodnje što veće količine mesa. I jedna i druga proizvodnja direktno zavise od plodnosti jer bez teleta nema ni mleka ni mesa. Na plodnost krava utiču brojni genetski i paragenetski faktori. Smatra se da ishrana i pravilan menadžment reprodukcije mogu uticati na plodnost i do 70%. Cilj našeg rada je bio da prikažemo 4 različita proizvodna sistema krava i ukažemo na probleme, moguće propuste i njihova rešenja. Na osnovu sprovedenih ispitivanja u primeni protokola ishrane, kontrole zdravlja, proizvodnje i reprodukcije mlečnih krava, u trogodišnjem periodu, zaključili smo da je adekvatna i konstantno kontrolisana ishrana ključ za uspešnu reprodukciju. Uz to je neophodno konstantno praćenje zdravlja i reprodukcije i primena terapijskih protokola. Samo sinhronizovanim praćenjem ishrane i protokola zdravlja i reprodukcije može se postići plodnost krava preko 80% na godišnjem nivou

Study of the Impact of Technical Malfunctioning of Vital Vehicular Parts on Traffic Safety

The paper aims to present the results of study on how certain types of vehicles with malfunctioning technical parts affect traffic safety in the Republic of Serbia between 1997 and 2014. The following methods were used in the paper: statistical method, comparative method, analysis of frequency of defined traffic accident causes, Pearson linear correlation with a modelled algorithm for data processing. The technical malfunction of vehicles as a cause for accident occurrence has a share of 0,72% in the total number of accidents. The most common cause of accidents lies with malfunctioning lights or light-signalling devices on vehicles. The technical malfunction of vehicles has the highest value of 1,65% in accidents with fatalities and the biggest correlation between accidents at police district and accidents on national level is recorded with accidents in which only material damages were sustained. The research results can be used for comparison on regional level, so as for developing of the model of analysis of the causes of traffic accidents in Serbia and in the region

Razina znanja i stavovi zdravstvenih radnika iz Doma zdravlja Inđija, Srbija o profesionalnoj izloženosti virusima prenosivim krvlju

Exposure to blood-borne infections (HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C) poses a serious risk to health care workers (HCWs). The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the level of knowledge and attitudes on occupational exposure in primary health care. In 2009, a total of 100 health care workers from the Primary Health Care Centre in Inđija, Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Serbia were included in the study. The results suggested that the health care workers who participated in the survey possess basic knowledge about blood-borne virus transmission routes. Most incorrect answers were related to the transmission of blood-borne viruses by tears, saliva, urine and stool. This study also demonstrated that health workers tend to unrealistically estimate the risk of HIV infections. As for the level of education about the prevention and control of blood-borne infections, 49 % of the participants had never had any education on this topic, while 22 % had been educated during the last five years. Around 75 % consider education on blood-borne infection and protective measures at work unnecessary.Infekcije virusima prenosivim krvlju (HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C) ozbiljan su rizik za zdravstvene radnike. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se utvrdi nivo znanja i stavova zdravstvenih radnika o profesionalnoj izloženosti u primarnoj zdravstvenoj zaštiti. Istraživanje je provedeno kao presječna studija. U istraživanju provedenom 2009. godine sudjelovalo je 100 zdravstvenih radnika Doma zdravlja Inđija. Zdravstveni radnici uključeni u istraživanje pokazali su osnovno znanje o infekcijama prenosivim krvlju i putovima prijenosa. Najviše netočnih odgovora odnosilo se na put prijenosa virusa putem suza, sline, mokraće i stolice. Ova je studija također pokazala da zdravstveni radnici pokazuju tendenciju nerealnoj procjeni rizika od infekcije HIVom. Kada je u pitanju edukacija, 49 % ispitanika nikada nije imalo edukaciju iz ovog područja, 22 % bilo je u prilici da se obrazuje tijekom posljednjih pet godina, dok 75 % ispitanika smatra da je edukacija o infekcijama prenosivim krvlju i mjerama prevencije nepotrebna

Procedure u reprodukciji mlečnih krava

Success in diary industry depends upon good management practices in all stages of production. Profitable milks production demands good nutrition, health, and optimal cow reproduction. Adequate feeding is base point for milk cow in ingesting sufficient amounts of feed dry matter (DM) which is a key factor in providing good body condition and high milk yield. Satisfactory ingestion of DM in transition period enables cows to be as shorter as possible in negative energy balance after calving. Most critical period for cows is a week before and week after calving. If negative energy balance is shorter, milk yield and fertility will be improved. In dairy cows it is important to prevent metabolic disorders caused by inadequate nutrition since they can have negative repercussions on production and fertility. By monitoring of cow body condition score in dry period, puerperal infective and metabolic diseases up to 42nd day after calving infertility can be significantly reduced. Heat detection, early pregnancy diagnosis by use of milk progesterone test and ultrasound enables achieving of fertility of 85% which is deemed optimal. In this paper review of certain procedures used in achieving optimal fertility in dairy cattle is given.Uspeh u govedarstvu i proizvodnji mleka podrazumeva dobar menadžment svih faza u proizvodnji. Za profitabilnu proizvodnju mleka neophodna je dobra ishrana, dobro zdravlje i optimalna reprodukcija krava. Pravilna ishrana je polazna tačka za mlečne krave, da unesu optimalne količine suve materije (SM) hrane, koja je ključna za obezbeđenje dobre telesne kondicije (BSC) i visoke proizvodnje mleka. Zadovoljavajući unos SM u tranzicionom periodu, omogućava da krave posle teljenja budu što je moguće kraće vreme u negativnom energetskom bilansu (NEB). Najkritičniji period za krave je nedelja pre i posle teljenja. Ako negativan energetski bilans kraće deluje na kravu, to ima pozitivan efekat na proizvodnju mleka i reprodukciju, tj. servis period mlečnih krava. Kod mlečnih krava veoma značajno je sprečiti metaboličke poremećaje izazvane neadekvatnom ishranom, jer oni imaju reprekusije na proizvodnju i plodnost. Praćenjem zasušenja krava, toka teljenja, puerperalnih oboljenja i metaboličkih poremećaja u puerperijumu, do 42. dana posle telenja, značajno se smanjuje neplodnost mlečnih krava. Otkrivanje estrusa, rana dijagnoza graviditeta preko progesteronskog profila mleka, upotreba ultrazvuka u dijagnostici graviditeta, omogućavaju postizanje optimalne plodnosti mlečnih krava od oko 85%. U ovom radu dat je pregled nekih od procedura koje omogućavaju postizanje optimalne reprodukcije mlečnih krava

Predicting Road Traffic Accidents—Artificial Neural Network Approach

Road traffic accidents are a significant public health issue, accounting for almost 1.3 million deaths worldwide annually, with millions more experiencing non-fatal injuries. A variety of subjective and objective factors contribute to the occurrence of traffic accidents, making it difficult to predict and prevent them on new road sections. Artificial neural networks (ANN) have demonstrated their effectiveness in predicting traffic accidents using limited data sets. This study presents two ANN models to predict traffic accidents on common roads in the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina) using objective factors that can be easily determined, such as road length, terrain type, road width, average daily traffic volume, and speed limit. The models predict the number of traffic accidents, as well as the severity of their consequences, including fatalities, injuries and property damage. The developed optimal neural network models showed good generalization capabilities for the collected data foresee, and could be used to accurately predict the observed outputs, based on the input parameters. The highest values of r2 for developed models ANN1 and ANN2 were 0.986, 0.988, and 0.977, and 0.990, 0.969, and 0.990, accordingly, for training, testing and validation cycles. Identifying the most influential factors can assist in improving road safety and reducing the number of accidents. Overall, this research highlights the potential of ANN in predicting traffic accidents and supporting decision-making in transportation planning

Experimental Testing of Combustion Parameters and Emissions of Waste Motor Oil and Its Diesel Mixtures

The production of hydrocarbon fuel from waste engine oil is an excellent way to produce alternative fuels. The aim of the research in this paper is obtaining fuel with a mixture of waste engine oil (WMO) and diesel fuel that can be used as an alternative fuel for internal combustion engines and low power heat generators. With this goal in mind, tests were conducted to estimate the combustion parameters and emissions at a low heat output of 40 kW. Waste motor oils (WMO) and four of its diesel mixtures were used, varying in weight from 20% WMO to 50% WMO. Test results were analysed and compared with diesel fuel. Higher NO, CO and CO2 emissions were determined for WMO and its mixtures compared to diesel fuel. The flue gas temperature in the kiln was high for all WMO and diesel blends, which indicates the efficiency of the input energy. The absorption of flue gases in the scrubber with distilled water showed higher presence of sulphates, sulphides, nitrates and nitrites compared to allowable values

Transcranial theta-burst stimulation alters GLT-1 and vGluT1 expression in rat cerebellar cortex

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) induces changes in expression of proteins engaged in activity of excitatory and inhibitory systems as well as redox homeostasis. Our aim was to investigate the effect of single (SS) and repeated session (RS) of intermittentand continuous theta-burst stimulation (iTBS; cTBS) on the expression of vesicular and plasmatic glutamate transporters 1 (vGluT1 and GLT-1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and influence on oxidative status in rats cerebellar tissue and plasma. Redox state parameters in cerebellar tissue and plasma were assessed 24 h after single and 48 h after the last TBS session. Molecular changes were examined by immunofluorescence. Stimulation significantly increased thiol groups (SH) in tissue of SS iTBS group, and decreased in iTBS RS. Activity of glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G6PD) was increased markedly in cTBS RS. Immunoreactivity of vGluT1 in cTBS RS decreased, while GLT-1 increased in cTBS SS and cTBS RS, compared to control. Present study gives insight in molecular and biochemical mechanisms by which iTBS and cTBS exerts its effects on rats cerebellar cortex

Model for Sustainable Evaluation of the Impact of the Total Number of Centers for Technical Inspections of Motor Vehicles on the Occurrence and Consequences of Traffic Accidents in an Area

Along with the development of capacities for the improvement of traffic safety, this work creates a model that analyzes the impact of the total number of centers for technical inspections of motor vehicles on the occurrence and consequences of accidents in a selected area. By using the statistical program SPSS26 and applying standard multiple regression, an analysis of the statistical correlations between a continuous dependent variable (number of accidents caused by technical malfunctions of vehicles) and two independent variables (number of centers for technical inspections of vehicles and number of vehicles registered by police jurisdictions) was performed. The aim of this work was to determine the influence of a part of the dependent variable’s variance that was explained by the variance of independent variables. The research results showed that the total number of technical inspections in relation to the number of registered vehicles in the selected area included a much larger part of the dependent variable’s variance, which referred to the total number of accidents caused by vehicles’ technical inspections. The results also showed a negative correlation value, i.e., that a larger number of technical inspections in relation to the number of registered vehicles did not have a positive impact on the increase in the number of accidents and consequences where the cause was technical malfunction, as well as that the number of centers and the number of registered vehicles had different influences on the occurrence of accidents and their consequences