VIVA– A NEW RED CLOVER (Trifolium pratense L.) CULTIVAR

Sorta crvene djeteline Viva stvorena je na Poljoprivrednom institutu Osijek nakon pet ciklusa fenotipske rekurentne selekcije. Viva je srednje rana diploidna sorta, tolerantna na niske temperature, polijeganje i ekonomski najznačajnije bolesti. Ova sorta posjeduje visok genetski potencijal za prinos i kvalitetu krme, a odlikuje se brzom regeneracijom biljaka nakon košnje. Visoku agronomsku vrijednost ove sorte potvrdili su i službeni rezultati ispitivanja gospodarski važnih svojstava Povjerenstva za priznavanje sorti Republike Hrvatske. S obzirom na sve navedeno očekuje se da će sorta Viva potvrditi visoku proizvodnu vrijednost i u širokoj proizvodnji, doprinijeti popularizaciji i širenju ove krmne kulture u našoj zemlji te unaprijediti daljnji oplemenjivački program crvene djeteline na Poljoprivrednom institutu Osijek.Viva red clover cultivar was developed at the Agricultural Institute Osijek after five cycles of phenotypic recurrent selection. Viva is a medium-early flowering diploid cultivar, tolerant to low temperatures, lodging and economically important diseases. This cultivar has a high genetic potential for forage yield and quality, and is characterized by rapid regeneration after cutting. The official test results of the economically important traits of the Commission for Varieties Recognition of Republic of Croatia have confirmed high agronomic value of this cultivar. In accordance with this, it is expected confirmation of the high production values in wide production, contribution to the popularization and propagation of this fodder crop in our country and improvement of further breeding program of red clover at the Agricultural Institute Osijek

FENOTIPSKA RAZNOLIKOST GERMPLAZME LUCERNE (MEDICAGO SATIVA L.)

The objective of this study was to evaluate phenotypic diversity in the alfalfa germplasm collections using multivariate analysis to examine the extent of genetic diversity and contribution of selected characters to the total diversity and finally to select the most promising clusters/populations for further breeding work. Forty alfalfa populations/cultivars of different geographical origin were evaluated for 12 agro-morphological characters during two consecutive years. The populations/ cultivars were grouped into six clusters. In most cases populations/cultivars within clusters were not associated with their geographical origin. Intercluster distances were larger than the intracluster ones. This research revealed a broad phenotypic diversity within and between the alfalfa germplasm collections. The following characters contributed most to the total phenotypic diversity: dry matter yield in the first production year, plant height and length of central leaflet. Based on the mean value of the evaluated characters and determined distances between clusters, the most promising populations/cultivars belong to the clusters IV and V. Selected populations/cultivars could be considered as a valuable genetic material for the yield and quality improvement of alfalfa in our breeding programme.Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je procijeniti fenotipsku raznolikost u kolekciji germplazme lucerne pomoću multivarijatne analize, utvrditi doprinos izabranih svojstava u ukupnoj raznolikosti i izabrati najzanimljivije grupe/populacije za daljnji oplemenjivački rad. Tijekom dvogodišnjega razdoblja analizirano je 12 agromorfoloških svojstava kod 40 populacija/sorti lucerne različitoga geografskoga porijekla. Proučavane populacije/sorte bile su grupirane unutar šest grupa. U najvećem broju slučajeva grupiranje populacija/sorti nije bilo povezano s njihovim geografskim porijeklom. Udaljenost između grupa bila je veća u odnosu na udaljenost između populacija/sorti unutar grupe. U provedenom istraživanju otkrivena je velika fenotipska raznolikost u proučavanoj kolekciji germplazme lucerne. Najveći doprinos u ukupnoj fenotipskoj raznolikosti imala su svojstva prinos suhe tvari u prvoj vegetacijskoj godini, visina biljaka i dužina srednjeg listića. Na osnovi ostvarenih prosječnih vrijednosti ispitivanih svojstava te utvrđene udaljenosti između grupa, najperspektivnije populacije/sorte pripadaju grupama IV i V. Izabrane populacije/sorte predstavljaju vrijedan genetski materijal za poboljšanje prinosa i kvalitete lucerne u okviru našega oplemenjivačkoga programa

PHENOTYPIC VARIABILITY OF ALFALFA BREEDING POPULATION

Cilj je istraživanja bio procijeniti varijabilnost 10 fenotipskih svojstava unutar i između 21 oplemenjivačke populacije lucerne te izabrati najzanimljivije populacije, s obzirom na visoke vrijednosti značajnih agronomskih svojstava, u svrhu razvoja novih sintetičkih kultivara. Istraživanje je provedeno na selekcijskome polju Poljoprivrednoga instituta Osijek tijekom dvije godine (2008.-2009.). Poljski je pokus postavljen po shemi randomiziranoga bloka u tri ponavljanja. Proučavane oplemenjivačke populacije lucerne značajno su se razlikovale u prinosu zelene mase i suhe tvari, broju stabljika, visini i regeneraciji biljaka, broju i dužini internodija, debljini stabljike te širini srednjega listića. Statističkom analizom također je utvrđena značajna varijabilnost u svim proučavanim svojstvima unutar i između populacija lucerne, osim za dužinu srednjega listića. Oplemenjivačkim populacijama OPL-10, 12, 14, 15, 17, 20 i 21 ostvarene su visoke vrijednosti prinosa i najvažnijih komponenti prinosa (broj stabljika, visina i regeneracija biljaka) te poželjne vrijednosti ostalih ispitivanih svojstava. Utvrđene superiorne biljke unutar najboljih populacija predstavljaju potencijalne roditeljske komponente za razvoj novih sintetičkih kultivara.The objectives of this research were to assess the variability of 10 phenotypic traits within and among of 21 alfalfa breeding populations, and to select the most promising populations regarding high values of important agronomic traits in order to develop new synthetic cultivars. The investigation was conducted at the experimental field of the Agricultural Institute Osijek. Field trial was arranged according to the randomized block design in three replications in two consecutive years (2008-2009). Studied alfalfa breeding populations were significantly different in yields of green mass and dry matter, number of stems, height and regeneration of plants, number and length of internodes, stem thickness and width of central leaflet. Significant variability was determined within and among populations for all observed traits, except for length of central leaflet. High yields and major yield components (number of stems, height and plant regeneration), as well as favorable values for other studied traits were found for breeding populations OPL-10, 12, 14, 15, 17, 20 and 21. Determined superior plants within the best populations are potential parental components for a new synthetic cultivars development

VIVA– A NEW RED CLOVER (Trifolium pratense L.) CULTIVAR

Sorta crvene djeteline Viva stvorena je na Poljoprivrednom institutu Osijek nakon pet ciklusa fenotipske rekurentne selekcije. Viva je srednje rana diploidna sorta, tolerantna na niske temperature, polijeganje i ekonomski najznačajnije bolesti. Ova sorta posjeduje visok genetski potencijal za prinos i kvalitetu krme, a odlikuje se brzom regeneracijom biljaka nakon košnje. Visoku agronomsku vrijednost ove sorte potvrdili su i službeni rezultati ispitivanja gospodarski važnih svojstava Povjerenstva za priznavanje sorti Republike Hrvatske. S obzirom na sve navedeno očekuje se da će sorta Viva potvrditi visoku proizvodnu vrijednost i u širokoj proizvodnji, doprinijeti popularizaciji i širenju ove krmne kulture u našoj zemlji te unaprijediti daljnji oplemenjivački program crvene djeteline na Poljoprivrednom institutu Osijek.Viva red clover cultivar was developed at the Agricultural Institute Osijek after five cycles of phenotypic recurrent selection. Viva is a medium-early flowering diploid cultivar, tolerant to low temperatures, lodging and economically important diseases. This cultivar has a high genetic potential for forage yield and quality, and is characterized by rapid regeneration after cutting. The official test results of the economically important traits of the Commission for Varieties Recognition of Republic of Croatia have confirmed high agronomic value of this cultivar. In accordance with this, it is expected confirmation of the high production values in wide production, contribution to the popularization and propagation of this fodder crop in our country and improvement of further breeding program of red clover at the Agricultural Institute Osijek

PRECIPITATION INFLUENCE ON THE YIELD OF PEA SEEDS

Ozimi stočni grašak (Pisum arvense L.) sve se više sije u Hrvatskoj i njenom okruženju za proizvodnju kvalitetne voluminozne krme. Sjemenska proizvodnja ozimog stočnog graška vrlo je složena, a time i neizvjesna najviše radi same građe i visine stabljike. Stabljika na kraju vegetacije je visine između 1,5 i 2 metra i pod težinom mahuna poliježe što znatno otežava žetvu i povećava gubitke sjemena. U poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji ostvarivanje većeg ili manjeg prinosa, osim genetike sijane sorte ili hibrida, najčešće se povezuje s okolinskim uvjetima tijekom vegetacije, a prije svih s količinom oborina. U radu je napravljena analiza sjemenske proizvodnje ozimog stočnog graška, sorte Osječki zeleni na površinama Poljoprivrednog instituta Osijek za devetogodišnje razdoblje (2004.-2012. godina) i klimatskih prilika te je utvrđeno veliko variranje kako u prinosu, klijavosti i masi 1000 sjemenki tako i u količini oborina tijekom vegetacijskog perioda ozimog graška u analiziranim godinama. Korelacijska analiza po Pearsonu pokazala je nepostojanje veze između prinosa, klijavosti i mase 1000 sjemena te analiziranih parametara i ukupne količine oborina u vegetacijskom periodu graška, ali niti s količinom oborina po mjesecima, iz čega se može zaključiti da su promatrani parametri pod znatnim utjecajem drugih čimbenika.Forage pea (Pisum arvense L.), is increasingly being planted in Croatia and its environment to produce high-quality forage. Seed production of pea is very complex process, mostly because of the plant structure and plant height. Plant height at the end of the growing season varied between 1.5 to 2 meters due to which lodging can occur because of the weight of the pod, which significantly complicates harvest. In agricultural production the yield is under the influence of plant genetic potential and environmental factors especially of the amount of precipitation during the growing season. In the work an analysis of seed pea production of variety Osječki zeleni at the Agricultural Institute Osijek depending of climatic conditions for the nine year period (2004-2012) were made. Analyses showed the large fluctuations in sin yield, germination and 1000 seed weight and oscillations in the amount of precipitation during the growing period of winter peas in the analysed years. Pearson correlation analysis showed a lack of relation between yield, germination and 1000 seed weight. There was no correlation observed between tested parameters and the total amount of precipitation during the growing period, and between analysed parameters and the amount of precipitation per month, from which it can be concluded that the observed parameters were substantially influenced by other environmental factors

PHENOTYPIC VARIABILITY OF ALFALFA BREEDING POPULATION

Cilj je istraživanja bio procijeniti varijabilnost 10 fenotipskih svojstava unutar i između 21 oplemenjivačke populacije lucerne te izabrati najzanimljivije populacije, s obzirom na visoke vrijednosti značajnih agronomskih svojstava, u svrhu razvoja novih sintetičkih kultivara. Istraživanje je provedeno na selekcijskome polju Poljoprivrednoga instituta Osijek tijekom dvije godine (2008.-2009.). Poljski je pokus postavljen po shemi randomiziranoga bloka u tri ponavljanja. Proučavane oplemenjivačke populacije lucerne značajno su se razlikovale u prinosu zelene mase i suhe tvari, broju stabljika, visini i regeneraciji biljaka, broju i dužini internodija, debljini stabljike te širini srednjega listića. Statističkom analizom također je utvrđena značajna varijabilnost u svim proučavanim svojstvima unutar i između populacija lucerne, osim za dužinu srednjega listića. Oplemenjivačkim populacijama OPL-10, 12, 14, 15, 17, 20 i 21 ostvarene su visoke vrijednosti prinosa i najvažnijih komponenti prinosa (broj stabljika, visina i regeneracija biljaka) te poželjne vrijednosti ostalih ispitivanih svojstava. Utvrđene superiorne biljke unutar najboljih populacija predstavljaju potencijalne roditeljske komponente za razvoj novih sintetičkih kultivara.The objectives of this research were to assess the variability of 10 phenotypic traits within and among of 21 alfalfa breeding populations, and to select the most promising populations regarding high values of important agronomic traits in order to develop new synthetic cultivars. The investigation was conducted at the experimental field of the Agricultural Institute Osijek. Field trial was arranged according to the randomized block design in three replications in two consecutive years (2008-2009). Studied alfalfa breeding populations were significantly different in yields of green mass and dry matter, number of stems, height and regeneration of plants, number and length of internodes, stem thickness and width of central leaflet. Significant variability was determined within and among populations for all observed traits, except for length of central leaflet. High yields and major yield components (number of stems, height and plant regeneration), as well as favorable values for other studied traits were found for breeding populations OPL-10, 12, 14, 15, 17, 20 and 21. Determined superior plants within the best populations are potential parental components for a new synthetic cultivars development

UTJECAJ VREMENA SKLADIŠTENJA NA KAKVOĆU SJEMENA LUCERNE

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a crop characterised by presence of hard (dormant) seed that are viable but do not germinate in seed quality testing. In Republic of Croatia seed are frequently stored for three to four years due to low needs for seed of alfalfa and considerable import. The share of hard seed is decreased by storage time, temperature and air moisture changes and therefore directly keeps the level of seed germination in a longer period of storage.Lucerna (Medicago sativa L.) je kultura za koju je karakteristična prisutnost tvrdog (dormantnog) sjemena, koje je živo ali ne klija pri ispitivanju kvalitete sjemena. Zbog malih potreba za sjemenom lucerne i velikog uvoza u Republiku Hrvatsku, nerijetko se događa da sjeme stoji u skladištu tri do četiri godine. Udio tvrdog sjemena sa starenjem, promjenom temperature i vlage zraka se smanjuje, te s tim neposredno utječe na zadržavanje razine klijavih zrna kroz duže vrijeme skladištenja

Agronomic Evaluation and Utilization of Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) Germplasm

Germplasm collection as a source of variability and genetic diversity must be evaluated for an efficient management and effective utilization. This research was aimed to evaluate the agronomic value of red clover germplasm collection, to group the cultivars and population according to their morpho-agronomical traits, and to select valuable materials for future breeding programs. Thirty red clover cultivars and populations of different geographical origin were included in the study. Investigation was carried out at the experimental field of the Agricultural Institute Osijek in Croatia. The field trial was arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. Each plot included twenty spaced plants (50 x 50 cm) of each cultivar/population. During two consecutive years (2006, 2007) the following data were collected: yields of green mass, dry matter and seed (g/plant), plant height (cm), dry matter content (%), persistence (%), flowering time. The analysis of variance was carried out for all the traits, with the exception of seed yield and flowering time (which were not recorded as replicated data), using PROC GLM of SAS 9.1. Differences among cultivars/populations were highly significant for all analyzed traits. Hierarchical cluster analysis (Ward method) based on the seven morpho-agronomic traits allowed the identification of six groups of red clover cultivars/populations. This research shows that there is a great genetic variability in the investigated germplasm collection. The most promising materials were selected to form a new breeding gene pool that could be helpful for the improvement of our red clover breeding programme

STUDY OF QUALITY TRAITS IN ALFALFA LANDRACES

Prinosi suhe tvari i bjelančevina važan su čimbenik u stvaranju novih kultivara krmnih kultura. Kroz dugi niz godina oplemenjivanja postignut je mali genetski napredak u povećanju kakvoće lucerne. Stoga smo istraživali mogućnost korištenja lokalnih populacija lucerne u svrhu povećanja kakvoće direktnom i indirektnom selekcijom. Dobiven je jak i opravdan utjecaj genotipa i okoline na svojstva prinosa suhe tvari i odnos list/stabljika kao i njihove interakcije na razini značajnosti P<0,01. Najveći koeficijent varijabilnosti je zabilježen kod prinosa vlakana (51,89%), a najmanji kod odnosa list/stabljika (11,74%). Za svojstvo odnos list/stabljika po biljci utvrđen je veliki udio varijance genotipa u ukupnoj varijanci, kao i visoka heritabilnost.Yields of dry matter and protein are important factors in selection of fodder crop cultivars. During the long time of fodder crops breeding for quality alfalfa a small genetic gain was achieved. Therefore we investigated possibility of using local populations of alfalfa to increase quality with direct and indirect selection. Strong and significant influence of genotypes and environments was recorded for yield of dry matter and leaf/stem ratio examined traits and their interactions at the level p<0.01. The highest variation was recorded for fiber yield 51,89 %, while the lowest variation was for leaf/stem ratio 11,74%. For the traits leaf/stem ratio high heritability and high share of genotype variance in total variance were recorded

AGRONOMIC VALUE OF SPRING FIELD PEA BREEDING LINES AND VARIETIES FOR GREEN FORAGE PRODUCTION (Pisum sativum L.)

Jari stočni grašak jedna je od najznačajnijih krupnozrnih mahunarki. Kod većine oplemenjivačkih programa graška selekcijski je proces usmjeren na razvoj visokoprinosnoga i kvalitetnoga sortimenta za proizvodnju zrna i/ili visokokvalitetne voluminozne stočne hrane. Proizvodnja zrna bogatoga bjelančevinama uglavnom je povezana s jarim sortama, dok je proizvodnja voluminozne mase, odnosno korištenje cijele biljke, koja je, osim bjelančevina, značajan izvor minerala i vitamina, odlika ozimih sorti. Zbog nemogućnosti jesenje sjetve (kasno napuštanje polja prethodne kulture, obilne kiše u vrijeme pripreme tla i sjetve, promjena poslovnoga plana, veći broj stoke i sl.), sve su češći zahtjevi proizvođača za jarim sortama graška, koje daju veliku masu u kratkome periodu (100 dana) i omogućuju sjetvu druge kulture na istoj površini. Ciljevi ovoga istraživanja bili su: tijekom dvije uzastopne godine (2012. i 2013.) procijeniti agronomsku vrijednost sorti (jarih, fakultativno ozimih) i novostvorenih oplemenjivačkih linija jaroga stočnoga graška (7 linja, 6 sorti) te odabrati najperspektivnije linije za daljnji selekcijski proces i/ili pokretanje postupka prijave nove potencijalne sorte jaroga graška za proizvodnju voluminoznoga krmiva. Najveće prosječne prinose zelene mase ostvarile su oplemenjivačke linije MBK-7 (33 t ha-1), MBK 41 (28 t ha-1) i MBK-51(28 t ha-1) te sorte Dora (35 t ha-1) i Poneka (34 t ha-1). Navedene sorte predstavljaju vrijedan materijal za daljnji oplemenjivački rad, a identificirane superiorne linije imaju potencijal za nove sorte.Spring field pea is one of the most important coarse legumes. In most pea breeding programs, the selection process is focused on the development of high-yielding and top-quality varieties for grain and/or green forage production. Production of protein rich grain is mainly associated with spring varieties, while production of green mass rich in protein, minerals and vitamins is characteristic for winter varieties. Due to problems with planting in autumn (late harvest of previous crop, heavy rains during soil preparation and planting, business plan modifications, abundance of cattle etc.), farmers often prefer spring pea varieties that can produce large green mass over shorter period of time, as well as ensure planting of the next crop in the same field. Objectives of this research were: agronomic value assessment of (spring and potentially winter) varieties and new breeding lines of spring field pea over a two-year period (2012-2013), as well as the selection of lines with the most potential for further breeding process and/or registration of new spring field varieties for green forage production. The highest mean yields of green mass and dry matter, as well as favourable values of other assessed traits were obtained by breeding lines MBK-7, MBK-41, MBK-51, and varieties Dora and Poneka. These varieties represent valuable germplasm for further breeding process, while selected lines have high potential for the development of new varieties