Style Lines

Tiffany Boyle reviews the publication 'The Inventors of Tradition II,' discussing memories of childhood competitive gymnastics, uniform, belonging through dress and local design histories. The Inventors of Tradition II is published by Koenig Books, £38, and is distributed worldwide. It is sold in Scotland through www.wearepanel.co.uk and selected bookshops. Essay contributions are from Michael Bracewell, Rebecca Gordon-Nesbitt, Fiona Jardine, Juliet Kinchin, Mason Leaver-Yap, Mairi MacKenzie, Ray McKenzie, Bernie Reid, Rebecca Wober and Linsey Young. These give insights to 1980s football casual style and culture, perfume scents and their social significance, Glasgow’s cultural policy, city branding, the architect Peter Womersley, his friend and fabric designer Bernat Klein, filmmaker Murray Grigor and artist Gerald Laing. Interviews with Jill Bryson from 1980s new wave duo Strawberry Switchblade, choreographer and dancer Ellen Van Schuylenburch and Mockintosh jeweller Eric Michael. Archive photography and photographic compositions by Kimberley O’Neill and Eileen Quinlan with Jack Miskell. The publication was launched at The Art School (Glasgow School of Art Student Association building) on Wednesday 30 November 2016. The launch included a recreated performance-installation by Jill Bryson of Strawberry Switchblade, inspired by her 1981 degree show work. The Inventors of Tradition II is a project by Atelier E.B and Panel. An exhibition took place at the Palace of Art from 2–30 May 2015 and was conceived in partnership with the Palace of Art and Steff Norwood. A special programme of events connected to the exhibition included the work of acclaimed film director Murray Grigor and four performances of the dance piece ‘O YES’, a recreation of ‘Yes O Yes’ from the production I Am Curious, Orange, 1988, by Michael Clark

‘These gymnasts do not simply perform gymnastics’ - an analysis of visual representations of the gymnastic body

The shape of the Olympic discipline of Artistic Gymnastics is a legacy distilled from a wealth of gymnastic forms of movement, practiced against military, didactic, medicinal, political, dance and aesthetic objectives. Gymnastics is a form of movement for which no complete, global history exists. It has largely been neglected by research in the arts and humanities, with sports history largely contributing studies of specific gymnastic leaders, or regional or national practices. The majority of existing research derives from sports science, focusing on biomechanics, issues of bodily development, nutrition, eating disorders, and sports psychology. This thesis seeks to add to the modest existing literature a visual analysis of the manner in which the gymnastics body has been represented, tracing the genealogy of these representations back to the re-invention of gymnastics in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Specific areas of analysis cover the whiteness of gymnastics; the relation of this whiteness to the reverence for classical imagery and the statuesque; gender; posing; performativity; movement notation; the tension between stillness and movement; the various clothing worn for gymnastics; and ways of watching and capturing gymnastics. This thesis takes a thematic methodology, consulting a range of interdisciplinary resources and literature, and stems out of my own childhood experience of competitive gymnastics. A range of archives have been consulted, as well as items from the sport’s visual culture: from gymnastics magazines; posters; and advertisements; to competition coverage; commentary; fan montages; leotards; badges; coaching manuals; teaching aids; and films. A practice-based thesis, specific lines of enquiry from the thesis have been explored in exhibition texts and curated public programming, with a particular focus on film, artist moving image, and exhibiting items of dress designed for the body in motion

Adjuvant enzalutamide for the treatment of early-stage androgen-receptor positive, triple-negative breast cancer: a feasibility study.

PURPOSE: Chemotherapy with or without immunotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). A subset of TNBCs express the androgen receptor (AR), representing a potential new therapeutic target. This study assessed the feasibility of adjuvant enzalutamide, an AR antagonist, in early-stage, AR-positive (AR +) TNBC. METHODS: This study was a single-arm, open-label, multicenter trial in which patients with stage I-III, AR ≥ 1% TNBC who had completed standard-of-care therapy were treated with enzalutamide 160 mg/day orally for 1 year. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of 1 year of adjuvant enzalutamide, defined as the treatment discontinuation rate of enzalutamide due to toxicity, withdrawal of consent, or other events related to tolerability. Secondary endpoints included disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), safety, and genomic features of recurrent tumors. RESULTS: Fifty patients were enrolled in this study. Thirty-five patients completed 1 year of therapy, thereby meeting the prespecified trial endpoint for feasibility. Thirty-two patients elected to continue with an optional second year of treatment. Grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse events were uncommon. The 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year DFS were 94%, 92% , and 80%, respectively. Median OS has not been reached. CONCLUSION: This clinical trial demonstrates that adjuvant enzalutamide is a feasible and well-tolerated regimen in patients with an early-stage AR + TNBC. Randomized trials in the metastatic setting may inform patient selection through biomarker development; longer follow-up is needed to determine the effect of anti-androgens on DFS and OS in this patient population

Cluster M Mycobacteriophages Bongo, PegLeg, and Rey with Unusually Large Repertoires of tRNA Isotopes

Genomic analysis of a large set of phages infecting the common hostMycobacterium smegmatis mc2155 shows that they span considerable genetic diversity. There are more than 20 distinct types that lack nucleotide similarity with each other, and there is considerable diversity within most of the groups. Three newly isolated temperate mycobacteriophages, Bongo, PegLeg, and Rey, constitute a new group (cluster M), with the closely related phages Bongo and PegLeg forming subcluster M1 and the more distantly related Rey forming subcluster M2. The cluster M mycobacteriophages have siphoviral morphologies with unusually long tails, are homoimmune, and have larger than average genomes (80.2 to 83.7 kbp). They exhibit a variety of features not previously described in other mycobacteriophages, including noncanonical genome architectures and several unusual sets of conserved repeated sequences suggesting novel regulatory systems for both transcription and translation. In addition to containing transfer-messenger RNA and RtcB-like RNA ligase genes, their genomes encode 21 to 24 tRNA genes encompassing complete or nearly complete sets of isotypes. We predict that these tRNAs are used in late lytic growth, likely compensating for the degradation or inadequacy of host tRNAs. They may represent a complete set of tRNAs necessary for late lytic growth, especially when taken together with the apparent lack of codons in the same late genes that correspond to tRNAs that the genomes of the phages do not obviously encode

Characterization of the 1st and 2nd EF-hands of NADPH oxidase 5 by fluorescence, isothermal titration calorimetry, and circular dichroism

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Superoxide generated by non-phagocytic NADPH oxidases (NOXs) is of growing importance for physiology and pathobiology. The calcium binding domain (CaBD) of NOX5 contains four EF-hands, each binding one calcium ion. To better understand the metal binding properties of the 1^stand 2^ndEF-hands, we characterized the N-terminal half of CaBD (NCaBD) and its calcium-binding knockout mutants.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The isothermal titration calorimetry measurement for NCaBD reveals that the calcium binding of two EF-hands are loosely associated with each other and can be treated as independent binding events. However, the Ca²⁺binding studies on NCaBD(E31Q) and NCaBD(E63Q) showed their binding constants to be 6.5 × 10⁵and 5.0 × 10²M^-1with ΔHs of -14 and -4 kJ/mol, respectively, suggesting that intrinsic calcium binding for the 1^stnon-canonical EF-hand is largely enhanced by the binding of Ca²⁺to the 2^ndcanonical EF-hand. The fluorescence quenching and CD spectra support a conformational change upon Ca²⁺binding, which changes Trp residues toward a more non-polar and exposed environment and also increases its α-helix secondary structure content. All measurements exclude Mg²⁺-binding in NCaBD.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We demonstrated that the 1^stnon-canonical EF-hand of NOX5 has very weak Ca²⁺binding affinity compared with the 2^ndcanonical EF-hand. Both EF-hands interact with each other in a cooperative manner to enhance their Ca²⁺binding affinity. Our characterization reveals that the two EF-hands in the N-terminal NOX5 are Ca²⁺specific.</p> <p>Graphical abstract</p> <p><display-formula><graphic file="1752-153X-6-29-i1.gif"/></display-formula></p

Effect of cytomegalovirus infection on breastfeeding transmission of HIV and on the health of infants born to HIV-infected mothers

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection can be acquired in utero or postnatally through horizontal transmission and breastfeeding. The effect of postnatal CMV infection on postnatal HIV transmission is unknown