49 research outputs found
Bindung im Adoptionskontext
Das Ziel dieser Arbeit bestand in der Beschreibung der komplexen Situation der Beziehungsgestaltung in Adoptivfamilien aus Sicht der Adoptiveltern. Mehrheit der Adoptiveltern gab in dem Elterninterview an, dass sie sich noch vor dem ersten Treffen oder ab diesem als Eltern von ihren Adoptivkindern gefĂŒhlt haben und ihre Kinder sie sechs Monate nach der Adoption als ihre Eltern wahrgenommen haben. Die Beziehungsgestaltung von Adoptiveltern und ihren Kindern wird nach Aussagen der Adoptiveltern durch folgende Faktoren beeinflusst: Ablehnung der Adoptiveltern durch die Adoptivkinder, GeschwisterrivalitĂ€t, gemeinsamer Familienurlaub und Kindergartenbesuch. Zahlreiche Studien zum Thema BindungsqualitĂ€t sowie die vorliegende Arbeit beschreiben, dass Kinder mit bindungsdeprivierenden Erfahrungen im Vergleich zu nicht deprivierten Adoptivkindern ein höheres Risiko fĂŒr unsichere Bindung und Bindungsdesorganisation aufweisen (Chisholm, 1998; Dozier et al., 2001; Katsurada, 2007; OÂŽConnor et al., 2003; Singer, Brodzinsky, Ramsay, Steir, & Waters, 1985; Stovall-McClough & Dozier, 2004). Eines der Ziele von Vorbereitung der kĂŒnftigen Adoptiveltern sollte aus diesem Grund die Information ĂŒber Beziehungsgestaltung und Bindung von deprivierten Kindern darstellen.Attachment of adopted childre
Gastrectomy and D2 Lymphadenectomy for Gastric Cancer: A Meta-Analysis Comparing the Harmonic Scalpel to Conventional Techniques
The ultrasonic Harmonic scalpel has demonstrated clinical and surgical benefits in dissection and coagulation. To evaluate its use in gastrectomy, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing the Harmonic scalpel to conventional techniques in gastrectomy for patients with gastric cancer. International databases were searched without language restrictions for comparisons in open or laparoscopic gastrectomy and lymphadenectomy. The meta-analysis used a random-effects model for all outcomes; continuous variables were analyzed for mean differences and dichotomous variables were analyzed for risk ratios. Sensitivity analyses were conducted for study quality, type of conventional technique, and imputation of study results. Ten studies (N=935) met the inclusion criteria. Compared with conventional hemostatic techniques, the Harmonic scalpel demonstrated significant reductions in operating time (â27.5âmin; P<0.001), intraoperative blood loss (â93.2âmL; P<0.001), and drainage volume (â138.8âmL; P<0.001). Results were numerically higher for conventional techniques for hospital length of stay, complication risk, and transfusions but did not reach statistical significance. Results remained robust to sensitivity analyses. This meta-analysis demonstrates the clear advantages of using the Harmonic scalpel compared to conventional techniques, with improvements demonstrated across several outcome measures for patients undergoing gastrectomy and lymphadenectomy
Clinical Pharmacy Services in Ambulatory Oncology: An Environmental Scan of the Canadian Practice Landscape
Background: Canadian clinical pharmacy key performance indicators (cpKPIs) have been developed for inpatient hospital practice but are not established for ambulatory oncology. This study represents the first step in developing cpKPIs for ambulatory oncology.
Objectives: To describe the current landscape of pharmacy services in ambulatory oncology in Canada and to identify perspectives related to the development and implementation of cpKPIs in this practice setting.
Methods: In this national cross-sectional study, a web-based questionnaire was distributed to pharmacists working in ambulatory oncology settings. Potential participants who self-identified as pharmacists practising in an ambulatory oncology setting were eligible. Survey questions focused on participantsâ demographic characteristics, oncology pharmacy services provided, metrics captured, and pharmacistsâ perceptions of cpKPIs. All data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results: A total of 44 responses were received, with most respondents practising in community hospitals in British Columbia, Ontario, and Atlantic Canada. The services most commonly provided were chemotherapy order verification, laboratory monitoring, identification and resolution of drug therapy problems, and counselling on anticancer medications. Twenty-six of the 44 respondents (59%) indicated that performance metrics or patient outcomes were tracked at their respective institutions, with none being universally captured. Overall, 43 (98%) of the respondents favoured the development of cpKPIs for ambulatory oncology practice.
Conclusions: Despite growing patient care needs in ambulatory oncology, there is significant heterogeneity in the scope of pharmacy services offered and the outcomes used to qualify their impact within this setting across Canada. This study demonstrates a clear need for national consensus cpKPIs to inform pharmacy resource utilization and patient-centred quality improvement initiatives.
RĂSUMĂ
Contexte : Des indicateurs clĂ©s de performance de la pharmacie clinique canadienne (cpKPI) ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©laborĂ©s pour la pratique hospitaliĂšre en milieu hospitalier, mais nâont pas Ă©tĂ© dĂ©finis pour lâoncologie ambulatoire. Cette Ă©tude constitue la premiĂšre Ă©tape de lâĂ©laboration de cpKPI pour lâoncologie ambulatoire.
Objectifs : Décrire le paysage actuel des services pharmaceutiques en oncologie ambulatoire au Canada et cerner les perspectives liées au développement et à la réalisation de cpKPI dans ce contexte de pratique.
MĂ©thodes : Dans cette Ă©tude transversale nationale, un questionnaire en ligne a Ă©tĂ© distribuĂ© aux pharmaciens qui travaillent en oncologie ambulatoire. Les participants potentiels qui se sont identifiĂ©s comme des pharmaciens exerçant dans ce contexte Ă©taient autorisĂ©s Ă participer. Les questions de lâĂ©tude portaient sur les caractĂ©ristiques dĂ©mographiques des participants, les services de pharmacie offerts en oncologie, les paramĂštres saisis et les perceptions des pharmaciens Ă lâĂ©gard des cpKPI. Toutes les donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©es Ă lâaide de statistiques descriptives.
RĂ©sultats : Au total, 44 rĂ©ponses ont Ă©tĂ© reçues, la plupart des rĂ©pondants exerçant dans des hĂŽpitaux communautaires de la Colombie-Britannique, de lâOntario et du Canada atlantique. Les services les plus couramment fournis Ă©taient : la vĂ©rification des ordonnances de chimiothĂ©rapie, la surveillance en laboratoire, lâidentification et la rĂ©solution des problĂšmes de pharmacothĂ©rapie et les conseils portant sur les mĂ©dicaments anticancĂ©reux. Vingt-six des 44 rĂ©pondants (59 %) ont indiquĂ© que les indicateurs de performance ou les rĂ©sultats pour les patients faisaient lâobjet dâun suivi dans leurs Ă©tablissements respectifs, bien quâaucun ne soit universellement saisi. Dans lâensemble, 43 rĂ©pondants (98 %) Ă©taient favorables Ă lâĂ©laboration de cpKPI pour la pratique de lâoncologie ambulatoire.
Conclusions : MalgrĂ© les besoins croissants des patients en oncologie ambulatoire, la portĂ©e des services pharmaceutiques offerts et les rĂ©sultats utilisĂ©s pour qualifier leur effet dans ce contexte au Canada sont fortement hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšnes. Cette Ă©tude dĂ©montre un besoin Ă©vident de consensus portant sur les cpKPI Ă lâĂ©chelle nationale pour Ă©clairer lâutilisation des ressources pharmaceutiques et les initiatives dâamĂ©lioration de la qualitĂ© centrĂ©es sur le patient
Gene-Directed Enzyme/Prodrug Therapy of Rat Brain Tumor Mediated by Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Suicide Gene Extracellular Vesicles In Vitro and In Vivo
MSC-driven, gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT) mediated by extracellular vesicles (EV) represents a new paradigmâcell-free GDEPT tumor therapy. In this study, we tested the efficacy of yeast cytosine deaminase::uracilphosphoribosyl transferase (yCD::UPRT-MSC)-exosomes, in the form of conditioned medium (CM) to inhibit the growth of C6 glioblastoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. MSCs isolated from human adipose tissue, umbilical cord, or dental pulp engineered to express the yCD::UPRT gene secreted yCD::UPRT-MSC-exosomes that in the presence of the prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC), inhibited the growth of rat C6 glioblastoma cells and human primary glioblastoma cells in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. CM from these cells injected repeatedly either intraperitoneally (i.p.) or subcutaneously (s.c.), applied intranasally (i.n.), or infused continuously by an ALZET osmotic pump, inhibited the growth of cerebral C6 glioblastomas in rats. A significant number of rats were cured when CM containing yCD::UPRT-MSC-exosomes conjugated with 5-FC was repeatedly injected i.p. or applied i.n. Cured rats were subsequently resistant to challenges with higher doses of C6 cells. Our data have shown that cell-free GDEPT tumor therapy mediated by the yCD::UPRT-MSC suicide gene EVs for high-grade glioblastomas represents a safer and more practical approach that is worthy of further investigation