The Impacts of the Chinese Anti-Monopoly Law on IP Commercialization in China & General Strategies for Technology-Driven Companies and Future Regulators

After thirteen years of discussion and three revisions, China\u27s Anti-Monopoly Law (AML) was promulgated on August 30, 2007 and has come into effect on August 1, 2008. It is the first anti-monopoly law in China and has been viewed as an economic constitution and a milestone of the country’s efforts in promoting a fair competition market and cracking down on monopoly activities. However, the wording of some provisions of the AML, including the sections dealing with Intellectual Property (IP) protection, is not very clear. And juridical interpretations and more specific implementing regulations on the AML have not yet appeared. This has led to a lot of uncertainty for the operations of foreign enterprises, particularly IP related enterprises in China. This iBrief will provide an overview of possible impacts of the AML on the IP protection and commercialization in China. First, it will provide a brief overview of the AML, including both major compliments and criticism. Second, it will examine both opportunities and potential legal risks of foreign IP holders and investors when operating in China, particularly focusing on the impacts of Article 55, the IP-related provision. Thirdly, it will provide some practical suggestions and strategies for foreign IP holders and technology-driven companies to operate in China, such as some useful defenses for potential IP lawsuits. Finally, it will provide some suggestions for future interpretation and implementation of Article 55 in the AML by drawing on lessons from the experiences of the United States and the European Union

China’s New Transfer Pricing Rules & Their Implications to Cloud-related Multinationals - Blockchain as a Supplementary Solution

Technology companies are at the forefront of multinationals operating in a developing new global tax environment. Their ever-evolving and increasingly borderless cloudbased business models have set off a scramble among companies and governments around the world to grasp cloud taxation issues and impacts

Switchable metamaterial reflector/absorber for different polarized electromagnetic waves

We demonstrate a controllable electromagnetic wave reflector/absorber for different polarizations with metamaterial involving electromagnetic resonant structures coupled with diodes. Through biasing at different voltages to turn ON and OFF the diodes, we are able to switch the structure between nearly total reflection and total absorption of a particularly polarized incident wave. By arranging orthogonally orientated resonant cells, the metamaterial can react to different polarized waves by selectively biasing the corresponding diodes. Both numerical simulations and microwave measurements have verified the performance.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure

Statistical Investigation of the Widths of Supra-arcade Downflows Observed During a Solar Flare

Supra-arcade downflows (SADs) are dark voids descending towards the post-reconnection flare loops and exhibit obvious variation in properties like width. However, due to the lack of further statistical studies, the mechanism behind such variations hitherto remains elusive. Here we statistically investigated widths of 81 SADs observed in one flare by the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). For each of SADs, six moments were selected with equal time intervals to measure their widths at different stages of their evolution. It is found that most SADs show a roughly monotonous width decrease during their descents, while some SADs with small initial widths can have complex evolutions. 3D reconstruction results based on SDO and Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory Ahead (STEREO-A) images and thermal properties analysis reveal that differences in magnetic and plasma environments may result in that SADs in the north are overall wider than those in the south. Additionally, correlation analysis between the width and other parameters of SADs was further conducted and revealed that: (1) SADs with different initial widths show no significant differences in their temperature and density evolution characteristics; (2) SADs with small initial widths usually appear in lower heights, where more frequent collisions between SADs could lead to their intermittent acceleration, width increment, and curved trajectories. These results indicate that SADs with different initial widths are produced the same way while different environments (magnetic field or plasma) could affect their subsequent width evolutions.Comment: 15 pages, 12 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in MNRA

Class-Imbalanced Learning on Graphs: A Survey

The rapid advancement in data-driven research has increased the demand for effective graph data analysis. However, real-world data often exhibits class imbalance, leading to poor performance of machine learning models. To overcome this challenge, class-imbalanced learning on graphs (CILG) has emerged as a promising solution that combines the strengths of graph representation learning and class-imbalanced learning. In recent years, significant progress has been made in CILG. Anticipating that such a trend will continue, this survey aims to offer a comprehensive understanding of the current state-of-the-art in CILG and provide insights for future research directions. Concerning the former, we introduce the first taxonomy of existing work and its connection to existing imbalanced learning literature. Concerning the latter, we critically analyze recent work in CILG and discuss urgent lines of inquiry within the topic. Moreover, we provide a continuously maintained reading list of papers and code at https://github.com/yihongma/CILG-Papers.Comment: submitted to ACM Computing Survey (CSUR

Infrared carpet cloak designed with uniform silicon grating structure

Through a particularly chosen coordinate transformation, we propose an optical carpet cloak that only requires homogeneous anisotropic dielectric material. The proposed cloak could be easily imitated and realized by alternative layers of isotropic dielectrics. To demonstrate the cloaking performance, we have designed a two-dimensional version that a uniform silicon grating structure fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator wafer could work as an infrared carpet cloak. The cloak has been validated through full wave electromagnetic simulations, and the non-resonance feature also enables a broadband cloaking for wavelengths ranging from 1372 to 2000 nm.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure