Orquídeas epifíticas de uma Floresta Sazonal na encosta da Serra Geral, Itaara, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

The epiphytic Orchidaceae in a seasonal deciduous forest located at the Centro Tabor, 29° 37' 30" Se 53° 47' 30" W, Itaara, Serra Geral of the Rio Grande do Sul State were listed. In this research 18 species in eight genera were found: Bulbophyllum, Capanemia, Cyrtopodium, Gomesa, Isochilus, Lophia ris, Oncidium, Pleurothallis and Sophronitis.São listadas as espécies de Orchidaceae de hábito epifítico ocorrentes em uma Floresta Estacional Decidual na área denominada Centro Tabor, 29° 37’ 30’’ S e 53° 47’ 30’’ W, na encosta meridional da Serra Geral, município de Itaara, Rio Grande do Sul. Foi constatada a ocorrência de 18 espécies distribuídas em nove gêneros: Bulbophyllum, Capanemia, Cyrtopodium, Gomesa, Isochilus, Lophiaris, Oncidium, Pleurothallis e Sophronitis

Prática pedagógica com Plantas Alimentícias Não Convencionais (PANC) como temática geradora sociocientífica

Ao utilizar as Plantas Alimentícias Não Convencionais (PANC) como tema gerador sociocientífico, é possível despertar o interesse dos alunos e conscientizá-los sobre a importância da conservação natural e da diversidade alimentar. Através de práticas pedagógicas de plantio e culinária, buscamos fomentar a reflexão crítica e o engajamento de estudantes do sétimo ano do ensino fundamental em questões socioambientais relevantes. O estudo, qualiquantitativo, ocorreu durante as aulas de ciências das turmas no período de um bimestre. Os dados foram mensurados por meio de fichas avaliativas discursivas e um jornal ambiental coletivo. Resultados demonstraram que, embora a oficina culinária tenha despertado um interesse significativo dos alunos por pratos doces e coloridos, e houve uma maior interação nessa prática lúdica, a proposta do jornal ambiental não obteve dados expressivos devido à baixa compreensão científica dos alunos.  Apesar, A pesquisa aponta caminhos para a elaboração de modelos de desenvolvimento político-pedagógicos socioambientais e interdisciplinares. Sugerimos a adoção de práticas pedagógicas semelhantes durante todo o ano letivo escolar, explorando mais temáticas ambientais e ampliando o tempo de realização para tornar o processo de construção da aprendizagem significativa, contínuo e dinâmico

Contribuição dos poleiros artificiais na dispersão de sementes e sua aplicação na restauração florestal

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509814590The use of artificial perches is an efficient technique to forest restoration. We aimed to (1) evaluate the effect of the presence of artificial perches on the number of forest seeds deposited on seed fall collectors, (2) identify the seed dispersal syndromes, and (3) to analyze the effect of distance from the forest border on seed input. Field work was performed in the municipality of Iguaba Grande, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We installed 70 seed fall collectors (with diameter of 0.50 m) distributed in transects parallelly distant 5, 15 e 35 m from the forest border in abandoned pasture, and in one transect 10 m from the border, in the forest interior. Each transect outside the forest patch received ten seed fall collectors, installed under artificial perches, and ten seed fall collectors, installed without perches. In the forest interior, we installed ten collectors. During three weeks of sampling, we obtained 418 seeds, classified into 242 zoochoric seeds (57.9%) and 176 anemochoric seeds (42.1%). The average seed with the presence of artificial perch was 7.4 (± 3.9) seeds/m2/month while in the absence of artificial perch the average was 1.7 (± 1.8) seeds/m2/month, considering anemochoric and zoochoric seeds. Different distances from the forest edge, up to 35 m, did not influence the number of zoochoric and anemochoric seeds. The presence of artificial perches increased at 118 times the number of seeds dispersed by animals when compared to traps without perches. Artificial perches work as catalyzing structures for forest restoration, with a significant increase in the input of zoochoric seeds. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509814590O uso de poleiros artificiais é uma técnica eficiente para a restauração florestal. Os objetivos desse trabalho foram: (1) avaliar o efeito da presença de poleiros artificiais no número de sementes florestais depositadas em coletores; (2) identificar as síndromes de dispersão das sementes, e (3) analisar o efeito da distância da borda da floresta no aporte de sementes. As atividades de campo foram realizadas no município de Iguaba Grande, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Foram instalados 70 coletores de sementes (com 0,50 m de diâmetro) distribuídos em transectos distantes paralelamente 5, 15 e 35 m da borda da floresta em área de pasto abandonado e em um transecto de 10 m no interior da floresta. Cada transecto fora do fragmento recebeu dez coletores, instalados sob poleiros artificiais, e dez coletores, instalados sem poleiro. No interior do fragmento foram instalados dez coletores, sem presença de poleiro artificial. Durante três semanas de amostragem foram coletadas 418 sementes, sendo 242 zoocóricas (57,9%) e 176 anemocóricas (42,1%). A média de sementes com presença de poleiro artificial foi de 7,4 (± 3,9) sementes/m2/mês, enquanto na ausência de poleiro artificial, a média foi de foi de 1,7 (± 1,8) sementes/m2/mês, considerando simultaneamente sementes anemocóricas e zoocóricas. Diferentes distâncias da borda da floresta, até 35 m, não influenciaram no aporte de sementes zoocóricas e anemocóricas. A presença de poleiros artificiais levou a um aporte 118 vezes maior de sementes zoocóricas quando comparada aos coletores sem poleiros. Poleiros artificiais podem funcionar como estrutura catalisadora da restauração florestal, com significativo incremento no aporte de sementes zoocóricas

Quality parameters of pink pepper seeds as sustainability indicators

The poor management and marketing of rose pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) in São Pedro D’Aldeia - RJ called the local governments’ attention to adopt measures that favor the value chain, increase income, train rural producers, and launch the first Simplified Forest Management Plan. All of this, to authorize the sustainable management of this species. This study aimed to evaluate the quality parameters of pink pepper as sustainability indicators. The following was measured: the moisture content, purity, uniformity in the sieve, and the weight of one thousand seeds in samples obtained from three different batches. The germination test was only carried out for samples from lot 3. The results showed that the high moisture content of the seeds (22.99%) has a negative effect on their quality, facilitating the action of spoilage organisms. The degree of purity was satisfactory (97.1%). The seeds from lot 1 were larger and more uniform than the seeds from lots 2 and 3. Only lot 1 presented the weight of seeds compatible with that required by MAPA. The germination rate was 72%, which did not vary between seeds of different sizes. The settlement’s extractive activity is moving towards sustainability, which can be improved by incorporating good seed collection, processing and storage practices

Physiological quality of pink pepper seeds (Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi.) as a function of storage

Seeds of native forest species for food and seedling production have a growing demand that impacts the need for studies involving seed storage in order to maintain good levels of germination quality. Thus, scientific analyzes that explore the physiological potential of the seeds of these species are necessary, especially for the pink pepper (Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi.), a species used as an alternative source of income for traditional communities and which has been arousing interest due to the consumption of its fruits as a condiment in the national and international market. This work aimed to assess the physiological quality of pink pepper seeds according to the storage period and seed size. The seeds came from a rural settlement, a pioneer in the extraction of pink pepper, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The seeds were evaluated for moisture content, germination, first count, length and dry weight of the germinated seedlings, during the period of time that they remained stored and the size of the seeds. The results allowed to conclude that: i) the germinative percentage of the stored pink pepper seeds decreased over the months; ii) the moisture content of the seeds decreased over the months evaluated iii) the different sizes of seeds did not show differences in germination and storage time and iv) values of length and dry weight of the seedlings did not differ according to the period of storage

Pollination and breeding system in two sympatric Fuchsia (Onagraceae) species at the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Brazil): Hummingbirds, insects and facultative self-pollination

Fuchsia regia and F. campos-portoi (Onagraceae) belong to section Quelusia; a group native to the Patagonian, Southern and South eastern Brazilian regions. To date, no studies coupling detailed pollinator observations and breeding system experiments have been published for these species. Studies were performed at the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Rio de Janeiro), in altitudes ranging from 1300 to 2790 meters a.s.l. The flowers are nectariferous and protogynous. Yet, both species are self-compatible and facultatively autogamous, since more than 43% of the intact flowers undergo delayed self-pollination. Hummingbirds (four species), Acroceridae flies and bees (Apis mellifera and Bombus brasiliensis), in that order of importance, were recorded as pollinators of F. regia. In F. campos-portoi, bees of B. brasiliensis were the most frequent pollinators, followed by hummingbirds (three species). Experimental crosses between the two species yielded no fruits, in spite of their sharing of pollinators and of the existence of hybrids mentioned in literatur

Campos e florestas no curso médio do rio Toropi, Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil). Retrato de um admirável patrimônio ameaçado

É analisada a vegetação campestre e florestal na região do curso médio do rio Toropi, no centro do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, confirmando-se a existência de diversas espécies endêmicas, raras e/ou ameaçadas de extinção. Dada a importância desse patrimônio florístico e natural, conclui-se que a construção das centrais hidrelétricas previstas exige a criação de uma unidade de conservação para preservar os ecossistemas remanescentes

Quality parameters of pink pepper seeds as sustainability indicators

The poor management and marketing of rose pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) in São Pedro D’Aldeia - RJ called the local governments’ attention to adopt measures that favor the value chain, increase income, train rural producers, and launch the first Simplified Forest Management Plan. All of this, to authorize the sustainable management of this species. This study aimed to evaluate the quality parameters of pink pepper as sustainability indicators. The following was measured: the moisture content, purity, uniformity in the sieve, and the weight of one thousand seeds in samples obtained from three different batches. The germination test was only carried out for samples from lot 3. The results showed that the high moisture content of the seeds (22.99%) has a negative effect on their quality, facilitating the action of spoilage organisms. The degree of purity was satisfactory (97.1%). The seeds from lot 1 were larger and more uniform than the seeds from lots 2 and 3. Only lot 1 presented the weight of seeds compatible with that required by MAPA. The germination rate was 72%, which did not vary between seeds of different sizes. The settlement’s extractive activity is moving towards sustainability, which can be improved by incorporating good seed collection, processing and storage practices

Physiological quality of pink pepper seeds (Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi.) as a function of storage

Seeds of native forest species for food and seedling production have a growing demand that impacts the need for studies involving seed storage in order to maintain good levels of germination quality. Thus, scientific analyzes that explore the physiological potential of the seeds of these species are necessary, especially for the pink pepper (Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi.), a species used as an alternative source of income for traditional communities and which has been arousing interest due to the consumption of its fruits as a condiment in the national and international market. This work aimed to assess the physiological quality of pink pepper seeds according to the storage period and seed size. The seeds came from a rural settlement, a pioneer in the extraction of pink pepper, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The seeds were evaluated for moisture content, germination, first count, length and dry weight of the germinated seedlings, during the period of time that they remained stored and the size of the seeds. The results allowed to conclude that: i) the germinative percentage of the stored pink pepper seeds decreased over the months; ii) the moisture content of the seeds decreased over the months evaluated iii) the different sizes of seeds did not show differences in germination and storage time and iv) values of length and dry weight of the seedlings did not differ according to the period of storage.Las semillas de especies forestales nativas para la producción de plántulas y alimentos tienen una demanda creciente que impacta la necesidad de estudios que involucren el almacenamiento de semillas para mantener buenos niveles de calidad de germinación. Así, son necesarios análisis científicos que exploren el potencial fisiológico de las semillas de estas especies, especialmente para la pimienta-rosa (Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi), especie utilizada como fuente alternativa de ingresos para las comunidades tradicionales y que ha despertado interés por la consumo de sus frutos como condimento en el mercado nacional e internacional. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la calidad fisiológica de las semillas de pimienta-rosa según el período de almacenamiento y el tamaño de la semilla. Las semillas provienen de un asentamiento rural, pionero en la extracción de pimienta rosa, en el estado de Río de Janeiro, Brasil. Las semillas fueron evaluadas por contenido de humedad, germinación, primer conteo, longitud y peso seco de las plántulas germinadas, durante el período de tiempo que permanecieron almacenadas y el tamaño de las semillas. Los resultados permitieron concluir que: i) el porcentaje germinativo de las semillas de pimienta-rosa almacenadas disminuyó a lo largo de los meses; ii) el contenido de humedad disminuyó durante los meses evaluados; iii) los diferentes tamaños de semilla no mostraron diferencias en la germinación y el tiempo de almacenamiento y iv) los valores de longitud y peso seco de las plántulas no difirieron según el período de almacenamiento