27 research outputs found
European integration (theory) in times of crisis. A comparison of the euro and Schengen crises
National Identity as a General Principle of EU Law and Its Impact on the Obligation to Recover State Aid
Unlike other general principles of EU law, which derive from the CJ jurisprudence, the principle of national identity is based on a clear legal provision. Article 4(2) TEU stipulates that the Union shall respect important State functions, like the territorial integrity of the State, maintaining law and order and safeguarding national security. The list of values covered by the national principle identity is open and it is for the Member State to decide what values should be protected by its national identity, while the CJ is only empowered to determine the relevance of national identity under EU law.
This article analyses if the principle of national identity could influence the EC examination of State aid and if the EC should refrain from issuing an order to recover incompatible aid, if that aid was to be protected by the Member Stateâs national identity. There has not yet been a single judgment by the CJ on that issue and the question stays open. The analysis also focuses on the division of competences between Member States and EU institutions in carrying out that analysis, as well as on the requirements for that analysis, including the scope of an examination carried out by EU institutions.Contrairement aux autres principes gĂ©nĂ©raux du droit de lâUnion europĂ©enne, qui dĂ©coulent de la jurisprudence de la Cour de justice de lâUnion europĂ©enne, le principe de l'identitĂ© nationale est basĂ© sur une disposition lĂ©gale claire. Lâarticle 4(2) du TraitĂ© sur lâUnion europĂ©enne prĂ©voit que l'Union doit respecter les fonctions essentielles de l'Ătat, comme l'intĂ©gritĂ© territoriale de l'Ătat, le maintien de l'ordre public et la sauvegarde de la sĂ©curitĂ© nationale. La liste des valeurs couvertes par le principe de l'identitĂ© nationale est ouverte et câest aux Ătats membres de dĂ©cider quelles valeurs doivent ĂȘtre protĂ©gĂ©es par son identitĂ© nationale, tandis que la Cour de justice de lâUnion europĂ©enne est uniquement compĂ©tente Ă dĂ©terminer la pertinence de l'identitĂ© nationale en vertu du droit de lâUnion europĂ©enne.
Cet article analyse si le principe de l'identitĂ© nationale pourrait influencer lâexamen dâaide d'Ătat par la Commission europĂ©enne et si la Commission europĂ©enne devrait s'abstenir dâordonner la rĂ©cupĂ©ration de lâaide incompatible, et Ă la fin si cette aide devait ĂȘtre protĂ©gĂ©e par l'identitĂ© nationale de l'Ătat membre. Vu que jusquâau prĂ©sent il nây avait pas un seul jugement de la Cour de justice de lâUnion europĂ©enne concernant ce problĂšme, la question reste ouverte. L'analyse entrepris dans cet article se focalise Ă©galement sur la rĂ©partition des compĂ©tences entre les Ătats membres et les institutions de lâUnion europĂ©enne dans le traitement de ce problĂšme, ainsi que sur les exigences pour lâanalyse entrepris par lâautoritĂ© compĂ©tente, y compris sur la portĂ©e d'un examen effectuĂ© par les institutions de lâUnion europĂ©enne