Profile of cortisol, glycaemia, and blood parameters of American Bullfrog tadpoles Lithobates catesbeianus exposed to density and hypoxia stressors

The aim of this study was to evaluate alterations to the physiological profile (cortisol, glycaemia, and blood parameters) of Lithobates catesbeianus caused by the stressors density and hypoxia. The organisms were in the prometamorphosis stage and exposed to different tadpole densities: 1 tadpole/L (T1), 5 tadpoles/L (T2), and 10 tadpoles/L (T3) for 12 days. The blood was collected through the rupture of the caudal blood vessel and collected under normoxia (immediate collection) and hypoxia (after 15 minutes of air exposure) conditions. Cortisol levels rose on the fourth and eighth days of treatment and returned to basal levels by the end of the experiment. The stressor mechanisms tested did not affect glycaemia. White blood cells (total number of lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils) showed a significant difference at the twelfth day of the experiment when compared with the start of the experiment. We concluded that, under controlled conditions, a density of up to 10 tadpoles/L and air exposure for 15 minutes did not cause harmful physiological alterations during the experimental period. The answer to these stressors maybe was in another hormonal level (corticosterone)

Munc18-1 Regulates First-phase Insulin Release by Promoting Granule Docking to Multiple Syntaxin Isoforms

Attenuated levels of the Sec1/Munc18 (SM) protein Munc18-1 in human islet β-cells is coincident with type 2 diabetes, although how Munc18-1 facilitates insulin secretion remains enigmatic. Herein, using conventional Munc18-

Doc2b Is a Key Effector of Insulin Secretion and Skeletal Muscle Insulin Sensitivity

Exocytosis of intracellular vesicles, such as insulin granules, is carried out by soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) and Sec1/Munc18 (SM) proteins. An additional regulatory protein, Doc2b (double C2 domain), has recently been implicated in exocytosis from clonal β-cells and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Here, we investigated the role of Doc2b in insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, and the maintenance of whole-body glucose homeostasis. Doc2b heterozygous (Doc2

Infecção pelo vírus da leucose enzoótica bovina(BLV) Enzootic bovine leukosis infection(BLV)

O vírus da leucose bovina (BLV) é o agente causal de duas condições clínicas relacionadas aos bovinos: o linfossarcorma, doença neoplásica comum no gado adulto, e linfocitose persistente, proliferação benigna das células linfóides. A identificação do BLV em 1969 e o subseqüente desenvolvimento de técnicas sorológicas sensíveis permitiram o reconhecimento da infecção como prevalente em muitos países, principalmente no gado leiteiro. Devido a inexistência de tratamento ou de uma vacina eficaz, as pesquisas concentram-se nos modos de transmissão e no desenvolvimento de programas de controle e prevenção da infecção. Este trabalho faz uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o BLV, incluindo modos de infecção, sinais clínicos e diagnóstico laboratorial, além de descrever medidas que o produtor deve seguir para prevenir ou controlar a disseminação do vírus no rebanho.<br>Bovino leukaemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of tvo related conditions in cattle: the lymphosarcoma, common neoplastic disease of cattle, and persistent lymphocytosis, a benign proliferation of lymphoide cells. The identification of BLV in 1969 and the subsequent development of sensitive serological techniques allowed the recognition that infections of BLV are prevalent in many countries, especially in dairy cattle. Because of there 's no effective therapy or vaccine, the investigations concentrate on modes of transmission and the development of control and prevention programmes. This paper reviews the BLV, as to their modes of infection, clinical disease and laboratory diagnosis and also describes measures which the owner may take to prevent or control the dissemination of the virus in the herd