The human secretome

The proteins secreted by human cells (collectively referred to as the secretome) are important not only for the basic understanding of human biology but also for the identification of potential targets for future diagnostics and therapies. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of proteins predicted to be secreted in human cells, which provides information about their final localization in the human body, including the proteins actively secreted to peripheral blood. The analysis suggests that a large number of the proteins of the secretome are not secreted out of the cell, but instead are retained intracellularly, whereas another large group of proteins were identified that are predicted to be retained locally at the tissue of expression and not secreted into the blood. Proteins detected in the human blood by mass spectrometry-based proteomics and antibody-based immuno-assays are also presented with estimates of their concentrations in the blood. The results are presented in an updated version 19 of the Human Protein Atlas in which each gene encoding a secretome protein is annotated to provide an open-access knowledge resource of the human secretome, including body-wide expression data, spatial localization data down to the single-cell and subcellular levels, and data about the presence of proteins that are detectable in the blood

Bill of Rights in Canada

Article deposited after permission was granted by LRC, June 11, 2013.The article discusses the Bills of Rights in Canada which consist of the Canadian Bill of Rights and the Alberta Bill of Rights. The authors state that a Bill of Rights contains only rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Crown which can truly be ensured by the public authority. They mention that individuals do not have any obligations under a Bill of Rights, they only have rights. They note that the Bill of Rights is reflected in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms of 1982.N

Targeting of the Drosophila protein CG2254/Ldsdh1 to a subset of lipid droplets

International audienceLipid droplets (LDs) are the principal organelles of lipid storage. They consist of a hydrophobic core of storage lipids, surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer with proteins attached. While some of these proteins are known to be essential for the regulation of cellular and organismic lipid metabolism, key questions concerning LD protein function, such as their targeting to LDs, are still unanswered. Intriguingly, some proteins are restricted to subsets of LDs by an as-yet-unknown mechanism. This finding makes LD targeting even more complex. Here, we characterize the Drosophila protein CG2254, which is targeted to subsets of LDs in cultured cells and in different larval Drosophila tissues, where the prevalence of subsets of LDs appears highly dynamic. We find that an amphipathic amino acid stretch mediates CG2254 LD localization. Additionally, we identified a juxtaposed sequence stretch limiting CG2254 localization to a subset of LDs. This sequence is sufficient to restrict a chimeric protein consisting of the subset-targeting sequence introduced to an otherwise pan-LD-localized protein sequence to a subset of LDs. Based on its subcellular localization and annotated function, we suggest that CG2254 is renamed Lipid droplet subset dehydrogenase 1 (Ldsdh1)

Mapping the nucleolar proteome reveals a spatiotemporal organization related to intrinsic protein disorder

Abstract The nucleolus is essential for ribosome biogenesis and is involved in many other cellular functions. We performed a systematic spatiotemporal dissection of the human nucleolar proteome using confocal microscopy. In total, 1,318 nucleolar proteins were identified; 287 were localized to fibrillar components, and 157 were enriched along the nucleoplasmic border, indicating a potential fourth nucleolar subcompartment: the nucleoli rim. We found 65 nucleolar proteins (36 uncharacterized) to relocate to the chromosomal periphery during mitosis. Interestingly, we observed temporal partitioning into two recruitment phenotypes: early (prometaphase) and late (after metaphase), suggesting phase‐specific functions. We further show that the expression of MKI67 is critical for this temporal partitioning. We provide the first proteome‐wide analysis of intrinsic protein disorder for the human nucleolus and show that nucleolar proteins in general, and mitotic chromosome proteins in particular, have significantly higher intrinsic disorder level compared to cytosolic proteins. In summary, this study provides a comprehensive and essential resource of spatiotemporal expression data for the nucleolar proteome as part of the Human Protein Atlas

Nutrition parenterale a domicile chez l'adulte: Enquete multicentrique en Europe en 1993

A retrospective survey was performed in 1994, involving 496 adult Home Parenteral Nutrition (HPN) cases newly enrolled in the year 1993 from 75 centres in 13 European countries. From the 8 countries having registered more than 80% of cases (423 patients), incidences and prevalences ranged from 0.2 to 4.6 and 0.3 to 12.2 patients/106 population/year. In the patients studied, the diagnosis was cancer in 42%, Crohn's disease in 15%, vascular diseases in 13%, radiation enteritis in 8%, AIDS in 4% and other non malignant non AIDS diseases in 18%. Short bowel syndrome and intestinal obstruction were the two major indications for HPN in 31% and 22%, respectively. Seventy-three percent of the centres had a nutrition team. The route of HPN was a tunnelled venous central catheter in 73%, cyclical nocturnal infusions were used in 90% of patients, intravenous feeding was the sole source of nutrition in 33%, and only 44% undertook HPN unaided. The present report indicates that cancer has now become the main indication for HPN in Europe; there was however a heterogeneous distribution of disease amongst the reporting countries. The observed 9 (6-12) month probability of survival was poor in AIDS (n = 8; 12%) and cancer patients (n = 78; 29%) but better for the other HPN indications (n = 115; 92%).SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe