Characterization of seediness attributes of blackberry genotypes

Fresh market blackberries can feel “seedy” when consumed. This “seediness” is associated with the presence of pyrenes which are comprised of a single seed enclosed in an endocarp. Small pyrene size

Evaluating Consumer Sensory and Composition Attributes of Arkansas-Grown Fresh-Market Blackberries

Blackberries are grown worldwide for commercial fresh markets. Three Arkansas-grown fresh-market blackberry genotypes (‘Natchez’, ‘Ouachita’, and A-2418) were evaluated for consumer sensory and compositional attributes at the University of Arkansas Food Science Department, Fayetteville. The compositional attributes of the blackberries were within an acceptable range for commercial markets (soluble solids=8.20-11.90%, pH=2.79-3.18, titratable acidity=1.09-1.32%). In terms of soluble solids to titratable acidity ratio, ‘Ouachita’ (10.92) had the highest ratio, followed by ‘Natchez’ (8.93) and A-2418 (6.25). A consumer sensory panel (n=80) evaluated fresh-market blackberry attributes using a 9-point hedonic scale for overall impression, overall flavor, sweetness, and sourness and a 5-point Just-about-Right (JAR) scale for sweetness and sourness. The participants also ranked the blackberries in order of overall liking from most to least liked. For overall impression, overall flavor, and sweetness, ‘Natchez’ scored higher than ‘Ouachita’ and A-2418, but the panelists did not detect differences in sourness. In terms of JAR for sweetness, 64% of consumers scored ‘Natchez’ JAR, followed by ‘Ouachita’ (39%) and A-2418 (34%). Whereas, 42% percent found A-2418 “Too Sour”, followed by ‘Ouachita (33%) and ‘Natchez’ (25%). In terms of ranking the blackberries, ‘Natchez’ was the most liked blackberry followed by ‘Ouachita’ and A-2418. When looking only at blackberries ranked first, 53% of consumers ranked ‘Natchez’ as their most liked berry, compared to A-2418 (26%) and ‘Ouachita’ (21%). The results from this research suggested that fresh-market blackberries with medium-level sweetness to sourness ratios were preferred though more consumers than expected preferred the blackberries with the more extreme ratios

Grape Plant Named ‘Indulgence’

Description and specifications of a new and distinct cultivar of wine grapevine which originated from a hand-pollinated cross of ‘Seyval Blanc’ (female parent) and ‘Muscat Ottonel’ (male parent) made in 1988. The seedlings fruited in the summer of 1992 in a vineyard near Clarksville, Ark. and one was selected for its potential as a wine grape for utilization in the Mid-South. The original vine was tested as ‘Ark. 2359’. The new cultivar of grapevine is a white wine grape which is adapted to the Mid-South of the United States with good winter hardiness and distinct muscat flavor

Grape plant named `Opportunity`

Description and specifications of a new and distinct wine grape cultivar which originated from a hand-pollinated cross of `Cayuga White` (Vitis labrusca L. by V. vinifera L., developed by the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, N.Y.; female parent, non-patented) x A-1754 (non-patented, non-released breeding genotype; male parent). This new wine grape cultivar can be distinguished by its quality juice attributes for wine production with hardy and productive grapevines adapted to Arkansas and the Mid-South of the United States

Grape plant named `Enchantment`

Description and specifications of a new and distinct wine grape cultivar which originated from a hand-pollinated cross of Ark. 1628 (non-patented, non-released breeding genotype; female parent) x Ark. 1481 (non-patented, non-released breeding genotype; male parent). This new wine grape cultivar can be distinguished by its quality juice attributes for wine production with hardy and productive grapevines adapted Arkansas and the Mid-South of the United States

Grape Plant Named ‘Dazzle’

Description and specifications of a new and distinct cultivar of grapevine which originated from a hand-pollinated cross of ‘Gewürztraminer’ (female parent) x ‘Melody’ (male parent) made in 1991. The seedlings fruited in the summer of 1992 in a vineyard near Clarksville, Ark. and one was selected for its potential as a wine grape for utilization in the Mid-South of the United States. The original vine was tested as ‘Ark. 2574’. The new cultivar of grapevine is intended for wine production and provides advancements in cold hardiness

Estimation of additive and dominance effects of a mutant glutathione S-transferase gene on anthocyanin content in muscadine grape (Vitis rotundifolia)

The skin color of muscadine grapes (Vitis rotundifolia) is typically classified as black or bronze. A glutathione S-transferase, VrunGST4, has been identified as a candidate gene for berry skin color in muscadine grapes. A molecular marker was developed within VrunGST4 to distinguish between muscadine genotypes (cultivars and selections) with bronze (T:T), heterozygote black (C:T), and homozygote black (C:C) berries. The objectives of this study were to determine whether there was a correlation between berry skin color and total anthocyanin content and to calculate additive and dominance effects of VrunGST4 in determining total anthocyanins in the berries of two biparental F1 muscadine populations with the intragenic VrunGST4 marker. No correlation was found between the berry skin color measurements of hue and lightness and anthocyanin content of black-fruited genotypes in either population. However, there was a slight correlation (r = 0.64) between anthocyanin content and chroma in one of the populations. There was no difference in total anthocyanin content of homozygote black (C:C) and heterozygote black (C:T) genotypes in either population, indicating that VrunGST4 had completely dominant gene action. The total anthocyanin content of the berry skins from black-fruited genotypes in one population was approximately four times greater than black-fruited genotypes in our other population. This finding suggests that other genetic loci may contribute to variation in total anthocyanin content in black-fruited muscadine grapes

Generalized Chaplygin gas model, supernovae and cosmic topology

In this work we study to which extent the knowledge of spatial topology may place constraints on the parameters of the generalized Chaplygin gas (GCG) model for unification of dark energy and dark matter. By using both the Poincar\'e dodecahedral and binary octahedral spaces as the observable spatial topologies, we examine the current type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) constraints on the GCG model parameters. We show that the knowledge of spatial topology does provide additional constraints on the $A_s$ parameter of the GCG model but does not lift the degeneracy of the $\alpha$ parameter.Comment: Revtex 4, 8 pages, 10 figures, 1 table; version to match the published on

Further restrictions on the topology of stationary black holes in five dimensions

We place further restriction on the possible topology of stationary asymptotically flat vacuum black holes in 5 spacetime dimensions. We prove that the horizon manifold can be either a connected sum of Lens spaces and "handles" $S^1 \times S^2$, or the quotient of $S^3$ by certain finite groups of isometries (with no "handles"). The resulting horizon topologies include Prism manifolds and quotients of the Poincare homology sphere. We also show that the topology of the domain of outer communication is a cartesian product of the time direction with a finite connected sum of $\mathbb R^4,S^2 \times S^2$'s and $CP^2$'s, minus the black hole itself. We do not assume the existence of any Killing vector beside the asymptotically timelike one required by definition for stationarity.Comment: LaTex, 22 pages, 9 figure

Detecting Topology in a Nearly Flat Spherical Universe

When the density parameter is close to unity, the universe has a large curvature radius independently of its being hyperbolic, flat, or spherical. Whatever the curvature, the universe may have either a simply connected or a multiply connected topology. In the flat case, the topology scale is arbitrary, and there is no a priori reason for this scale to be of the same order as the size of the observable universe. In the hyperbolic case any nontrivial topology would almost surely be on a length scale too large to detect. In the spherical case, by contrast, the topology could easily occur on a detectable scale. The present paper shows how, in the spherical case, the assumption of a nearly flat universe simplifies the algorithms for detecting a multiply connected topology, but also reduces the amount of topology that can be seen. This is of primary importance for the upcoming cosmic microwave background data analysis. This article shows that for spherical spaces one may restrict the search to diametrically opposite pairs of circles in the circles-in-the-sky method and still detect the cyclic factor in the standard factorization of the holonomy group. This vastly decreases the algorithm's run time. If the search is widened to include pairs of candidate circles whose centers are almost opposite and whose relative twist varies slightly, then the cyclic factor along with a cyclic subgroup of the general factor may also be detected. Unfortunately the full holonomy group is, in general, unobservable in a nearly flat spherical universe, and so a full 6-parameter search is unnecessary. Crystallographic methods could also potentially detect the cyclic factor and a cyclic subgroup of the general factor, but nothing else.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figure