1,266 research outputs found
Gravitational Waves from Orphan Memory
Gravitational-wave memory manifests as a permanent distortion of an idealized
gravitational-wave detector and arises generically from energetic astrophysical
events. For example, binary black hole mergers are expected to emit memory
bursts a little more than an order of magnitude smaller in strain than the
oscillatory parent waves. We introduce the concept of "orphan memory":
gravitational-wave memory for which there is no detectable parent signal. In
particular, high-frequency gravitational-wave bursts ( kHz) produce
orphan memory in the LIGO/Virgo band. We show that Advanced LIGO measurements
can place stringent limits on the existence of high-frequency gravitational
waves, effectively increasing the LIGO bandwidth by orders of magnitude. We
investigate the prospects for and implications of future searches for orphan
memory.Comment: 5 pages, 4figure
Suspending test masses in terrestrial millihertz gravitational-wave detectors: a case study with a magnetic assisted torsion pendulum
Current terrestrial gravitational-wave detectors operate at frequencies above
10 Hz. There is strong astrophysical motivation to construct low-frequency
gravitational-wave detectors capable of observing 10 mHz - 10Hz signals. While
space-based detectors provide one means of achieving this end, one may also
consider terretrial detectors. However, there are numerous technological
challenges. In particular, it is difficult to isolate test masses so that they
are both seismically isolated and freely falling under the influence of gravity
at millihertz frequencies. We investigate the challenges of low-frequency
suspension in a hypothetical terrestrial detector. As a case study, we consider
a Magnetically Assisted Gravitational-wave Pendulum Intorsion (MAGPI)
suspension design. We construct a noise budget to estimate some of the required
specifications. In doing so, we identify what are likely to be a number of
generic limiting noise sources for terrestrial millihertz gravitational-wave
suspension systems (as well as some peculiar to the MAGPI design). We highlight
significant experimental challenges in order to argue that the development of
millihertz suspensions will be a daunting task. Any system that relies on
magnets faces even greater challenges. Entirely mechanical designs such as
Zollner pendulums may provide the best path forward.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
Measuring eccentricity in binary black hole inspirals with gravitational waves
When binary black holes form in the field, it is expected that their orbits
typically circularize before coalescence. In galactic nuclei and globular
clusters, binary black holes can form dynamically. Recent results suggest that
of mergers in globular clusters result from three-body
interactions. These three-body interactions are expected to induce significant
orbital eccentricity when they enter the Advanced LIGO band at a
gravitational-wave frequency of 10 Hz. Measurements of binary black hole
eccentricity therefore provide a means for determining whether or not dynamic
formation is the primary channel for producing binary black hole mergers. We
present a framework for performing Bayesian parameter estimation on
gravitational-wave observations of black hole inspirals. Using this framework,
and employing the non-spinning, inspiral-only EccentricFD waveform approximant,
we determine the minimum detectable eccentricity for an event with masses and
distance similar to GW150914. At design sensitivity, we find that the current
generation of advanced observatories will be sensitive to orbital
eccentricities of at a gravitational-wave frequency of 10 Hz,
demonstrating that existing detectors can use eccentricity to distinguish
between circular field binaries and globular cluster triples. We compare this
result to eccentricity distributions predicted to result from three black hole
binary formation channels, showing that measurements of eccentricity could be
used to infer the population properties of binary black holes.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, 2 table
Sensitivity curves for searches for gravitational-wave backgrounds
We propose a graphical representation of detector sensitivity curves for stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds that takes into account the increase in sensitivity that comes from integrating over frequency in addition to integrating over time. This method is valid for backgrounds that have a power-law spectrum in the analysis band. We call these graphs “power-law integrated curves.” For simplicity, we consider cross-correlation searches for unpolarized and isotropic stochastic backgrounds using two or more detectors. We apply our method to construct power-law integrated sensitivity curves for second-generation ground-based detectors such as Advanced LIGO, space-based detectors such as LISA and the Big Bang Observer, and timing residuals from a pulsar timing array. The code used to produce these plots is available at https://dcc.ligo.org/LIGO-P1300115/public for researchers interested in constructing similar sensitivity curves
Sensitivity curves for searches for gravitational-wave backgrounds
We propose a graphical representation of detector sensitivity curves for stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds that takes into account the increase in sensitivity that comes from integrating over frequency in addition to integrating over time. This method is valid for backgrounds that have a power-law spectrum in the analysis band. We call these graphs “power-law integrated curves.” For simplicity, we consider cross-correlation searches for unpolarized and isotropic stochastic backgrounds using two or more detectors. We apply our method to construct power-law integrated sensitivity curves for second-generation ground-based detectors such as Advanced LIGO, space-based detectors such as LISA and the Big Bang Observer, and timing residuals from a pulsar timing array. The code used to produce these plots is available at https://dcc.ligo.org/LIGO-P1300115/public for researchers interested in constructing similar sensitivity curves
Evidence for a correlation between binary black hole mass ratio and black-hole spins
The astrophysical origins of the binary black hole systems seen with
gravitational waves are still not well understood. However, features in the
distribution of black-hole masses, spins, redshifts, and eccentricities,
provide clues into how these systems form. Much has been learned by
investigating these distributions one parameter at a time, however, we can
extract additional information by studying the covariance between pairs of
parameters. Previous work has shown preliminary support for an anti-correlation
between mass ratio and effective inspiral spin
in the binary black hole population. In this study, we test
for the existence of this anti-correlation using updated data from the third
gravitational wave transient catalogue (GWTC-3), and improving our copula-based
framework to employ a more robust model for black-hole spins. We find evidence
for an anti-correlation in with 99.8\% credibility.
This may imply high common-envelope efficiencies, stages of super-Eddington
accretion, or a tendency for binary black hole systems to undergo mass-ratio
reversal during isolated evolution. Covariance in may
also be used to investigate the physics of tidal spin-up as well as the
properties of binary-black-hole-forming active galactic nuclei.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures, 1 tabl
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