Long-term experiments as a platform for monitoring bread wheat quality

Both winter wheat and spring wheat have the potential for producing grain of bread wheat quality under North European conditions. The two crops may due to their different growth length respond differently to previous use of green manure and to the soil organic matter content. To compare winter wheat and spring wheat for their ability to produce quality grain for bread production, both crops are included in a long-term experiment (LTE) at Askov Experimental Station. The LTE provides a unique platform for such comparison, as the two crops can be grown under identical conditions regarding previous management, soil and climate. The bread wheat experiment is part of the project AGronomical and TEChnological methods to improve ORGanic wheat quality (AGTEC-Org) funded by CORE Organic

Effects of twin-beam squashed light on a three-level atom

An electro-optical feedback loop can make in-loop light (squashed light) which produces a photocurrent with noise below the standard quantum limit (such as squeezed light). We investigate the effect of squashed light interacting with a three-level atom in the cascade configuration and compare it to the effects produced by squeezed light and classical noise. It turns out that one master equation can be formulated for all three types of light and that this unified formalism can also be applied to the evolution of a two-level atom. We show that squashed light does not mimic all aspects of squeezed light, and in particular, it does not produce the characteristic linear intensity dependence of the population of the upper-most level of the cascade three-level atom. Nevertheless, it has nonclassical transient effects in the de-excitation.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure

The C*-algebra of an affine map on the 3-torus

We study the C*-algebra of an affine map on a compact abelian group and give necessary and sufficient conditions for strong transitivity when the group is a torus. The structure of the C*-algebra is completely determined for all strongly transitive affine maps on a torus of dimension one, two or three