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Several Conventional Risk Markers Suggesting Presence of Albuminuria Are Weak Among Rural Africans With Hypertension
The objective of this crossâsectional study was to investigate risk markers indicating the presence of albuminuria in patients with hypertension in rural subâSaharan Africa (SSA). Urine albuminâcreatinine ratio, glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)), blood pressure, anthropometry, and other patient characteristics including medications were assessed. We identified 160 patients with hypertension, of whom 68 (42.5%) were coâdiagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM). Among the included participants, 57 (35.6%) had albuminuria (microalbuminuria [n=43] and macroalbuminuria [n=14]). A backward multivariate logistic regression model identified age (per 10âyear increment) (odds ratio [OR], 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03â1.95), HbA(1c) >53 compared with <48Â mmol/mol (OR, 3.81; 95% CI, 1.74â8.35), and treatment with dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (OR, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.09â6.16) as the variables significantly associated with albuminuria. Only dysregulated DM and age were the conventional risk markers that seemed to suggest albuminuria among patients with hypertension in rural SSA