The Ursinus Weekly, December 22, 1905

Schaff anniversary • The eyes of the Chinese idol • Alumni • Philadelphia letter • Literary Supplement: From Romany to Rome; The dramatic interpretation of Irving; The professor\u27s Christmas present; Mind concentration; The need of reform in college athletics • Exchanges • Personals • Something left undonehttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/2962/thumbnail.jp

The Ursinus Weekly, April 5, 1907

The German-American patriot • Baseball outlook • Pictures for history room • Athletic Association • Musical clubs • Here and there • Intercollegiate • Alumni notes • Reserves\u27 baseball schedule • Literary Supplement: The college bell; Menominee; Rudyard Kipling; The passing of the American home; The methods of Thomas Morrishttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/2939/thumbnail.jp

The Ursinus Weekly, January 18, 1907

Ursinus Union • The rose of Savoy • Alumni notes • Society notes • College news • Exchanges • Literary Supplement: The new football; Che sara, sara; College fraternities; Two eighteenth century dramatistshttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/2928/thumbnail.jp

The Ursinus Weekly, November 1, 1907

Phantom party at Olevian • Football • Historical Political meeting • The Schubert string quartette • Editorial: Smiles • Society • Personals • Seminary notes • College world • Alumni notes • Literary Supplement: The lack of appreciation of the beautiful; A defense of American poetry; The danger of hero worship in a democracy; Hallowe\u27en; The price of an experience; Hannibalhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/2882/thumbnail.jp

The Ursinus Weekly, May 21, 1909

Brotherhood of St. Paul fletcherizes • Buffalo Bill in Philadelphia • Malcolm Shackelford entertains audience • Glee club • Lecture • Baseball • Ursinus Union • Tennis tournament • Society notes • Alumni notes • Personals • Field house fund • Literary Supplement: A day in May; The power of sentiment; A generation of vipers; Literary criticism on Tolstoy; The power of ideas; Money and hypocrisyhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/2873/thumbnail.jp

The Ursinus Weekly, April 17, 1908

Baseball • The Dean\u27s column • The young ladies entertain • Benefit social • Schaff prize debate • Literary societies • Second team game • College world • Personals • Literary Supplement: St. Valentine at Olevia; An adventure; Eugene Field; The present financial crisis; Railway rate regulation; James Russel Lowellhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/2904/thumbnail.jp

Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRISS

Transmission spectroscopy provides insight into the atmospheric properties and consequently the formation history, physics, and chemistry of transiting exoplanets. However, obtaining precise inferences of atmospheric properties from transmission spectra requires simultaneously measuring the strength and shape of multiple spectral absorption features from a wide range of chemical species. This has been challenging given the precision and wavelength coverage of previous observatories. Here, we present the transmission spectrum of the Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-39b obtained using the SOSS mode of the NIRISS instrument on the JWST. This spectrum spans $0.6 - 2.8 \mu$m in wavelength and reveals multiple water absorption bands, the potassium resonance doublet, as well as signatures of clouds. The precision and broad wavelength coverage of NIRISS-SOSS allows us to break model degeneracies between cloud properties and the atmospheric composition of WASP-39b, favoring a heavy element enhancement ("metallicity") of $\sim 10 - 30 \times$ the solar value, a sub-solar carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratio, and a solar-to-super-solar potassium-to-oxygen (K/O) ratio. The observations are best explained by wavelength-dependent, non-gray clouds with inhomogeneous coverage of the planet's terminator.Comment: 48 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables. Under review at Natur

Early Release Science of the Exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRSpec G395H

Measuring the abundances of carbon and oxygen in exoplanet atmospheres is considered a crucial avenue for unlocking the formation and evolution of exoplanetary systems. Access to an exoplanet's chemical inventory requires high-precision observations, often inferred from individual molecular detections with low-resolution space-based and high-resolution ground-based facilities. Here we report the medium-resolution (R$\sim$600) transmission spectrum of an exoplanet atmosphere between 3-5 $\mu$m covering multiple absorption features for the Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-39b, obtained with JWST NIRSpec G395H. Our observations achieve 1.46x photon precision, providing an average transit depth uncertainty of 221 ppm per spectroscopic bin, and present minimal impacts from systematic effects. We detect significant absorption from CO$_2$ (28.5$\sigma$) and H$_2$O (21.5$\sigma$), and identify SO$_2$ as the source of absorption at 4.1 $\mu$m (4.8$\sigma$). Best-fit atmospheric models range between 3 and 10x solar metallicity, with sub-solar to solar C/O ratios. These results, including the detection of SO$_2$, underscore the importance of characterising the chemistry in exoplanet atmospheres, and showcase NIRSpec G395H as an excellent mode for time series observations over this critical wavelength range.Comment: 44 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables. Resubmitted after revision to Natur

Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRCam

Measuring the metallicity and carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratio in exoplanet atmospheres is a fundamental step towards constraining the dominant chemical processes at work and, if in equilibrium, revealing planet formation histories. Transmission spectroscopy provides the necessary means by constraining the abundances of oxygen- and carbon-bearing species; however, this requires broad wavelength coverage, moderate spectral resolution, and high precision that, together, are not achievable with previous observatories. Now that JWST has commenced science operations, we are able to observe exoplanets at previously uncharted wavelengths and spectral resolutions. Here we report time-series observations of the transiting exoplanet WASP-39b using JWST's Near InfraRed Camera (NIRCam). The long-wavelength spectroscopic and short-wavelength photometric light curves span 2.0 - 4.0 $\mu$m, exhibit minimal systematics, and reveal well-defined molecular absorption features in the planet's spectrum. Specifically, we detect gaseous H$_2$O in the atmosphere and place an upper limit on the abundance of CH$_4$. The otherwise prominent CO$_2$ feature at 2.8 $\mu$m is largely masked by H$_2$O. The best-fit chemical equilibrium models favour an atmospheric metallicity of 1-100$\times$ solar (i.e., an enrichment of elements heavier than helium relative to the Sun) and a sub-stellar carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratio. The inferred high metallicity and low C/O ratio may indicate significant accretion of solid materials during planet formation or disequilibrium processes in the upper atmosphere.Comment: 35 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables, Nature, accepte

Genetic predisposition to mosaic Y chromosome loss in blood.

Mosaic loss of chromosome Y (LOY) in circulating white blood cells is the most common form of clonal mosaicism1-5, yet our knowledge of the causes and consequences of this is limited. Here, using a computational approach, we estimate that 20% of the male population represented in the UK Biobank study (n = 205,011) has detectable LOY. We identify 156 autosomal genetic determinants of LOY, which we replicate in 757,114 men of European and Japanese ancestry. These loci highlight genes that are involved in cell-cycle regulation and cancer susceptibility, as well as somatic drivers of tumour growth and targets of cancer therapy. We demonstrate that genetic susceptibility to LOY is associated with non-haematological effects on health in both men and women, which supports the hypothesis that clonal haematopoiesis is a biomarker of genomic instability in other tissues. Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies dysregulated expression of autosomal genes in leukocytes with LOY and provides insights into why clonal expansion of these cells may occur. Collectively, these data highlight the value of studying clonal mosaicism to uncover fundamental mechanisms that underlie cancer and other ageing-related diseases.This research has been conducted using the UK Biobank Resource under application 9905 and 19808. This work was supported by the Medical Research Council [Unit Programme number MC_UU_12015/2]. Full study-specific and individual acknowledgements can be found in the supplementary information