Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Work and pay in flexible and regulated labor markets A generalized perspective on institutional evolution and inequality trends in Europe and the U.S.

'In den letzten Jahren hat sich eine 'unified theory' aus der Arbeitsoekonomik herausgebildet, in der die Meinung vorherrscht, dass die Kombination makrooekonomischer Schocks und flexibler Arbeitsmarktinstitutionen in den USA eine starke Zunahme der Lohnungleichheit verursacht habe, waehrend die gleichen Schocks in Europa vor allem fuer gering qualifizierte Arbeitnehmer eine hohe Arbeitslosigkeit und geringe Beschaeftigungsniveaus gebracht haetten als (unerwuenschter) Nebeneffekt der durch die strikten institutionellen Regelungen des Arbeitsmarkts in Europa rigiden Loehne. In der vorliegenden Analyse wird hingegen argumentiert, dass Institutionen in Europa eigene Formen der Flexibilitaet entwickelt haetten, die - im Gefolge der in der 'unified theory' beschriebenen Schocks - ebenfalls zu einer zunehmenden Ungleichheit in Europa gefuehrt haetten, aber eben in anderer Gestalt. In Frankreich sei beispielsweise die Ungleichheit bei der Arbeitsplatzsicherheit schneller gewachsen als in den USA. Darueber hinaus haetten Entwicklungen auf dem franzoesischen Arbeitsmarkt dazu gefuehrt, dass sich gering qualifizierte Arbeitnehmer in unsicheren Beschaeftigungsverhaeltnissen konzentrierten. Diese Ergebnisse stellen eine Herausforderung an die Sichtweise dar, dass Arbeitslosigkeit der Hauptmechanismus sei, durch den die europaeischen Arbeitsmaerkte asymmetrische Schocks auf der Arbeitsnachfrageseite absorbierten. Ebenso wird in Frage gestellt, dass Europa nicht bereit sei, Ungleichheit zu tolerieren; vielmehr wird die Annahme gestuetzt, dass der Hauptunterschied auf den beiden Seiten des Atlantiks in dem Typus von Ungleichheiten liegt, den die jeweiligen Gesellschaften zu tolerieren bereit sind.' (Autorenreferat)'In recent years a 'unified theory' has emerged out of labor economics, which argues that a combination of 'macroeconomic shocks' and flexible labor market institutions in the U.S. has produced strong upward trends in wage inequality, while these same shocks have produced high unemployment and low employment growth in Europe as a side effect of the wage stability preserved by that continent's rigid labor market institutions. This paper argues instead that European institutions in fact have evolved their own form of flexibility, which, in combination with the macroeconomic shocks described in the unified theory, have also led to rising inequality in Europe, but of a different form. Taking France as an example, inequality of employment security has risen faster here than in the U.S. Furthermore, trends in the French labor market have led to increased concentration of low-skill workers in these insecure job statuses. These results challenge the view that unemployment is the main mechanism through which European labor markets absorbed asymmetric shocks to their demand for labor. They also challenge the view that Europeans have intolerance for inequality, but instead suggest that the main difference between the two sides of the Atlantic concerns the nature of the inequalities that each society is willing to tolerate.' (author's abstract)German title: Arbeit und Lohn in flexiblen und regulierten Arbeitsmaerkten: eine allgemeine Sicht auf institutionelle Evolution und ungleiche Trends in Europa und USAAvailable from UuStB Koeln(38)-20040106450 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Unraveling COVID-19: A Large-Scale Characterization of 4.5 Million COVID-19 Cases Using CHARYBDIS

Purpose: Routinely collected real world data (RWD) have great utility in aiding the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic response. Here we present the international Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI) Characterizing Health Associated Risks and Your Baseline Disease In SARS-COV-2 (CHARYBDIS) framework for standardisation and analysis of COVID-19 RWD. Patients and Methods: We conducted a descriptive retrospective database study using a federated network of data partners in the United States, Europe (the Netherlands, Spain, the UK, Germany, France and Italy) and Asia (South Korea and China). The study protocol and analytical package were released on 11th June 2020 and are iteratively updated via GitHub. We identified three nonmutually exclusive cohorts of 4,537,153 individuals with a clinical COVID-19 diagnosis or positive test, 886,193 hospitalized with COVID-19, and 113,627 hospitalized with COVID-19 requiring intensive services. Results: We aggregated over 22,000 unique characteristics describing patients with COVID-19. All comorbidities, symptoms, medications, and outcomes are described by cohort in aggregate counts and are readily available online. Globally, we observed similarities in the USA and Europe: More women diagnosed than men but more men hospitalized than women, most diagnosed cases between 25 and 60 years of age versus most hospitalized cases between 60 and 80 years of age. South Korea differed with more women than men hospitalized. Common comorbidities included type 2 diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease and heart disease. Common presenting symptoms were dyspnea, cough and fever. Symptom data availability was more common in hospitalized cohorts than diagnosed. Conclusion: We constructed a global, multi-centre view to describe trends in COVID-19 progression, management and evolution over time. By characterising baseline variability in patients and geography, our work provides critical context that may otherwise be misconstrued as data quality issues. This is important as we perform studies on adverse events of special interest in COVID-19 vaccine surveillance. © 2022 Kostka et al.Open access journalThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]