Publications on Chronic Disease in Coal Dependent Communities in Central Appalachia

CONTEXT: Agency and nonprofit reports have traditionally been the source of health information in Appalachia. Recently, publications have appeared in the literature associating coal mining, specifically mountain top mining, with numerous chronic health conditions spurring debate among environmental and industry interest groups. Publication quantity and quality were objectively assessed. This article reports on a literature review and analysis of publications on chronic disease in coal dependent communities in Appalachia. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a review and analysis of original, peer reviewed research publications on chronic health conditions in communities dependent on coal mining with a focus on central Appalachia and report on publication and research quantity and quality. DATA SOURCES: Thorough searches were conducted using PubMed, EBSCO, and CiNAHL computerized databases to identify original, peer-reviewed research articles addressing ‘Appalachia’, ‘health’ and ‘coal’. STUDY SELECTION: The computerized database search identified original research publications relevant to chronic health conditions (heart disease, lung disease, kidney disease, cancers, diabetes, obesity, etc.) and coal mining in central Appalachia. DATA EXTRACTION: Quantitative measures of the literature review provided information on author collaborations, year of publication, frequency of publication by contributing authors, etc. Journal impact factors were noted and other objective qualitative criteria were considered. DATA SYNTHESIS: Over 60 publications relevant to mining with 38 publications specific to Appalachia and health were identified. The publications were reviewed relative to relevance and article quality i.e., current, original research, application to central Appalachia and discussions of chronic human health and coal mining. Over the past five years most of the publications relevant to chronic disease and coal mining in central Appalachia resulted from a research group with a single common author. CONCLUSIONS: Science based evidence is needed and data must be provided by independent researchers from various disciplines of study to share different perspectives on how to alleviate the longstanding health disparities in central Appalachia. Studies will require the application of sound methodologies to validate the findings and support future interventions

Motivation and teaching organisation as elements of learning culture

Lernverhalten und Lehrorganisation werden als komplementäre Komponenten einer Lernkultur betrachtet. Auf der Grundlage eines Modells der Lernmotivation wurde das Lernverhalten Studierender mit einer Latenten Klassenanalyse untersucht. Die Gruppenprofile wurden zu Noten und Workload-Daten einer Zeitbudget-Erhebung in Bezug gesetzt. Es zeigte sich, dass nur eine Gruppe Studierender ihren Lernprozess unter herkömmlichen Bedingungen selbstbestimmt erfolgreich gestaltet. Eine andere Lehrorganisation könnte Lernende anderer Typen der Motivationsregulation besser unterstützen.Learning behavior and teaching organisation are regarded as complementary components of a learning culture. Using a model of learning motivation, we investigated the learning behavior of students using a latent class analysis. We then matched the group profiles to grades and to workload, as measured by a time-budget analysis. We found that only one group of students operating under conditions typical of traditional teaching organisation was able to regulate their learning behavior sucessfully. An alternative type of teaching organisation may assist groups of students with different profiles much more effectively

Design and Evaluation of a Smart-Glasses-based Service Support System

The character of IT transformed from an attached commodity to the center of new products and services. Especially in technical customer services, new technologies such as smart glasses offer great opportunities to overcome current challenges. Due to the complexity of service systems engineering, guidance on how to design smart glasses-based service support systems is necessary. To overcome this complexity and fill the research gap of design knowledge, we (1) analyze the domain in a multi-method approach eliciting meta-requirements, (2) propose design principles, and (3) instantiate them in a prototype. We follow a design science research approach combing the buildphase with four evaluation cycles obtaining focus groups twice, demonstration with prototype and, based on that, a survey with 105 experts from the agricultural sector. We address real-world problems of information provisioning at the point of service and, thereby, contribute to the methodological knowledge base of IS Design and Service Systems Engineering

Good Bye Traditional Budgeting, Hello Rolling Forecast: Has The Time Come?

This paper argues for a new approach to accounting textbook budgeting material. The business environment is not stable. Change is continuous, for large and small business alike. A business must act and react to generate shareholder value. The rolling forecast provides the necessary navigational insight. The traditional annual static budget does not. Managing a business, looking inwards and backwards and making decisions to hit the annual budget target no longer serves management in generating shareholder value. In most situations this approach to company management only leads to compromised performance. Leadership may not reach long-term shareholder wealth potential in using the traditional annual budget as a command and control device. Our research shows companies are moving to a rolling forecast as a management navigational tool. Leadership uses the forecast to navigate continuous change in creating shareholder value. This paper demonstrates how to build leadership concepts that go along with the rolling forecast, as well as the rolling forecast process itself into the classroom and accounting textbook material. Accounting and graduate business students need this type of education to help lead and increase a business’ chances of success

Evidence of positive selection at codon sites localized in extracellular domains of mammalian CC motif chemokine receptor proteins

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>CC chemokine receptor proteins (CCR1 through CCR10) are seven-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors whose signaling pathways are known for their important roles coordinating immune system responses through targeted trafficking of white blood cells. In addition, some of these receptors have been identified as fusion proteins for viral pathogens: for example, HIV-1 strains utilize CCR5, CCR2 and CCR3 proteins to obtain cellular entry in humans. The extracellular domains of these receptor proteins are involved in ligand-binding specificity as well as pathogen recognition interactions.</p> <p>In mammals, the majority of chemokine receptor genes are clustered together; in humans, seven of the ten genes are clustered in the 3p21-24 chromosome region. Gene conversion events, or exchange of DNA sequence between genes, have been reported in chemokine receptor paralogs in various mammalian lineages, especially between the cytogenetically closely located pairs CCR2/5 and CCR1/3. Datasets of mammalian orthologs for each gene were analyzed separately to minimize the potential confounding impact of analyzing highly similar sequences resulting from gene conversion events.</p> <p>Molecular evolution approaches and the software package Phylogenetic Analyses by Maximum Likelihood (PAML) were utilized to investigate the signature of selection that has acted on the mammalian CC chemokine receptor (<it>CCR</it>) gene family. The results of neutral vs. adaptive evolution (positive selection) hypothesis testing using Site Models are reported. In general, positive selection is defined by a ratio of nonsynonymous/synonymous nucleotide changes (dN/dS, or ω) >1.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of the ten mammalian CC motif chemokine receptor sequence datasets analyzed, only <it>CCR2 </it>and <it>CCR3 </it>contain amino acid codon sites that exhibit evidence of positive selection using site based hypothesis testing in PAML. Nineteen of the twenty codon sites putatively indentified as likely to be under positive selection code for amino acid residues located in extracellular domains of the receptor protein products.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results suggest that amino acid residues present in intracellular and membrane-bound domains are more selectively constrained for functional signal transduction and homo- or heterodimerization, whereas amino acid residues in extracellular domains of these receptor proteins evolve more quickly, perhaps due to heightened selective pressure resulting from ligand-binding and pathogen interactions of extracellular domains.</p