Outcomes of Durable Mechanical Circulatory Support in Myocarditis: Analysis of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support Registry

Myocarditis can be refractory to medical therapy and require durable mechanical circulatory support (MCS). The characteristics and outcomes of these patients are not known. We identified all patients with clinically-diagnosed or pathology-proven myocarditis who underwent mechanical circulatory support in the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support registry (2013-2016). The characteristics and outcomes of these patients were compared to those of patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM). Out of 14,062 patients in the registry, 180 (1.2%) had myocarditis and 6,602 (46.9%) had NICM. Among patients with myocarditis, duration of heart failure was22%, 1-12 months in 22.6%, and \u3e1 year in 55.4%. Compared with NICM, patients with myocarditis were younger (45 vs. 52 years, P \u3c 0.001) and were more often implanted with Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support profile 1 (30% vs. 15%, P \u3c 0.001). Biventricular mechanical support ( biventricular ventricular assist device [BIVAD] or total artificial heart) was implanted more frequently in myocarditis (18% vs. 6.7%, P \u3c 0.001). Overall postimplant survival was not different between myocarditis and NICM (left ventricular assist device: P = 0.27, BIVAD: P = 0.50). The proportion of myocarditis patients that have recovered by 12 months postimplant was significantly higher in myocarditis compared to that of NICM (5% vs. 1.7%, P = 0.0003). Adverse events (bleeding, infection, and neurologic dysfunction) were all lower in the myocarditis than NICM. In conclusion, although myocarditis patients who receive durable MCS are sicker preoperatively with higher needs for biventricular MCS, their overall MCS survival is noninferior to NICM. Patients who received MCS for myocarditis are more likely than NICM to have MCS explanted due to recovery, however, the absolute rates of recovery were low

The European Registry for Patients with Mechanical Circulatory Support (EUROMACS): first annual report†

The European Registry for Patients with Mechanical Circulatory Support (EUROMACS) was founded on 10 December 2009 with the initiative of Roland Hetzer (Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany) and Jan Gummert (Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany) with 15 other founding international members. It aims to promote scientific research to improve care of end-stage heart failure patients with ventricular assist device or a total artificial heart as long-term mechanical circulatory support. Likewise, the organization aims to provide and maintain a registry of device implantation data and long-term follow-up of patients with mechanical circulatory support. Hence, EUROMACS affiliated itself with Dendrite Clinical Systems Ltd to offer its members a software tool that allows input and analysis of patient clinical data on a daily basis. EUROMACS facilitates further scientific studies by offering research groups access to any available data wherein patients and centres are anonymized. Furthermore, EUROMACS aims to stimulate cooperation with clinical and research institutions and with peer associations involved to further its aims. EUROMACS is the only European-based Registry for Patients with Mechanical Circulatory Support with rapid increase in institutional and individual membership. Because of the expeditious data input, the European Association for Cardiothoracic Surgeons saw the need to optimize the data availability and the significance of the registry to improve care of patients with mechanical circulatory support and its potential contribution to scientific intents; hence, the beginning of their alliance in 2012. This first annual report is designed to provide an overview of EUROMACS' structure, its activities, a first data collection and an insight to its scientific contribution

Untersuchungen zu klinischem Stellenwert und zugrundeliegenden Mechanismen der transmyokardialen Laserrevaskularisation

Die transmyokardiale Laserrevaskularisation ist ein chirurgisches Therapieverfahren, das als ultma ratio bei Patienten mit schwerster diffuser koronarer Herzerkrankung eingesetzt wird. Es führt bei der Mehrzahl der operierten Patienten zu einem signifikanten Rückgang des Angina-pectoris-Syndroms und einer deutliche Steigerung der physischen Leistungsfähigkeit. Dieser Effekt hält offensichtlich mehrere Jahre an. Nach unseren Erfahrungen ist eine transmyokardiale Laserrevaskularisation dann relativ gefahrlos wiederholbar. Eine Zunahme der Myokardperfusion oder der myokardialen Kontraktilität in den laserbehandelten Arealen konnte bislang nicht sicher nachgewiesen werden. Ebenso wurde bislang nicht belegt, daß die myokardiale Kontraktilität in den TMLR-Gebieten postoperativ ansteigt. Eine präoperativ bestehende Diabetes mellitus ist möglicherweise ein Risikofaktor für eine erhöhte Sterblichkeit im ersten Jahr nach TMLR und eine geringere Wahrscheinlichkeit, von der Operation hinsichtlich des Angina-pectoris-Syndroms zu profitieren. Im Einklang mit zahlreichen anderen Arbeitsgruppen gehen wir nach histologischer Analyse der Herzen verstorbener TMLR-Patienten davon aus, daß sich transmyokardiale Laserkanäle im frühen postoperativen Verlauf wieder verschließen. In der Umgebung der Laserkanäle setzt in der Folgezeit eine ausgeprägte Angioneogenese ein, die möglicherweise durch den spezifischen Effekt der Laserstrahlung mitunter ein erhebliches Ausmaß erlangen kann. Diese Angioneogenese könnte durchaus den Hauptwirkmechanismus der TMLR darstellen. Durch eine TMLR mit dem CO2-Laser kommt es nicht zu einer nennenswerten Zerstörung von kontraktilem Myokard.Transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMR) has been increasingly used during the past years in patients suffering from severe diffuse coronary artery disease. The therapy is based upon the creation of transmyocardial channels in the free wall of the left ventricle by means of a laser. Several prospective, controlled, randomized studies were able to show that after TMR 70% of the patients operated on experienced a marked decline in angina symptoms and an increase in physical endurance and quality of life. These effects seem o last for years, and a TMR procedure can then be repeated. Whereas the regional and global myocardial function seems not to be influenced by transmyocardial laser revascularization, the question of an improvement in myocardial perfusion is still unanswered. Diabetic patients seem to be less likely to respond to the laser treatment and to carry a significant higher risk for death during the first postoperative year. Like several other study groups we found the TMR channels created by a CO2 laser closed by fibrin clots, erythrocytes and macrophages in the first postoperative days. There were no connections obvious between the channels and the ventricular cavity. Within the surrounding of the channels, however, we observed a marked neoangiogenesis. Induction of angioneogenesis seems to by the underlying principle of TMR. CO2 laser TMR does not result in significant injury to the myocardium

Management of complications in long-term LVAD support

INTRODUCTION: Management of complications in long-term LVAD support like aortic regurgitation, progressive decline of right ventricular function, or pump thrombosis are challenging.
 METHODS AND RESULTS: After 2.5 years on a HeartMate II left ventricular assist device (LVAD) a 59-year-old patient was admitted to hospital due to severe hemolysis caused by a partial occlusion and thrombosis caused by a shift of the LVAD inflow cannula towards the lateral wall of the left ventricle (LV). Preoperative assessment revealed additional severe aortic regurgitation and impaired right ventricular (RV) function (severe tricuspid regurgitation, RV ejection fraction 25%, central venous pressure 14 mmHg). After LVAD device exchange and aortic valve replacement (AVR) RV failure occurred and a temporary right ventricular assist device (RVAD) was employed. RVAD explantation was feasible 21 days after surgery. The patient was discharged to a rehabilitation center.
 DISCUSSION: In this case, LVAD exchange with concomitant AVR and temporary RVAD efforts saved the patient's life and restored a good quality of life

Mechanical circulatory support of systemic ventricle in adults with transposition of great arteries

We report the successful use of the implantable ventricular assist device HeartWare (HeartWare International Inc., Framingham, MA) to support the systemic circulation in two adult patients with transposition of the great arteries (TGA). One had undergone the Senning procedure as a neonate; the other had congenitally corrected TGA and dextrocardia with palliation in adulthood. It is possible to implant the HeartWare pump into the morphological right ventricle with cannulation of either the diaphragmal surface or the free wall without additional changes in implantation technique and employing off-pump insertion

Expeditious and less traumatic explantation of a heartware LVAD after myocardial recovery

After 169 days on left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support, a 62-year-old male patient suffering from idiopathic dilatative cardiomyopathy showed signs of left ventricular recovery. Off-pump trials were done, and our explantation criteria were met. The LVAD removal procedure was performed after 338 days on the device, using a left lateral thoracotomy in the sixth intercostal space. First, the outflow graft was transected and the distal end was sewed. Then, the pump was replaced by an individually manufactured titanium plug. Finally, the driveline was cut so that the device could be completely withdrawn. The rest of the driveline was accessed through a small abdominal incision and explanted through the percutaneous exit site