Loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detecting tumor markers and human papillomavirus: accuracy and supplemental diagnostic value to endovaginal MRI in cervical cancer

Objective: To establish the sensitivity and specificity of a human papillomavirus (HPV) and tumor marker DNA/mRNA assay for detecting cervical cancer that is transferrable to a Lab-on-a-chip platform and determine its diagnostic benefit in early stage disease when used in conjunction with high-resolution endovaginal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: Forty-one patients (27 with Stage1 cervical cancer [Group1] and 14 non-cancer HPV negative controls [Group2]) had DNA and RNA extracted from cervical cytology swab samples. HPV16, HPV18, hTERT, TERC/GAPDH and MYC/GAPDH concentration was established using a loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay. Thresholds for tumor marker detection for Group1 were set from Group2 analysis (any hTERT, TERC/GAPDH 3.12, MYC/GAPDH 0.155). Group 1 participants underwent endovaginal MRI. Sensitivity and specificity for cancer detection by LAMP and MRI individually and combined was documented by comparison to pathology. Results: Sensitivity and specificity for cancer detection was 68.8% and 77.8% if any tumor marker was positive regardless of HPV status (scenario1), and 93.8% and 55.8% if tumor marker or HPV were positive (scenario 2). Adding endovaginal MRI improved specificity to 88.9% in scenario 1 (sensitivity 68.8%) and to 77.8%% in scenario2 (sensitivity 93.8%). Conclusion: Specificity for cervical cancer detection using a LAMP assay is superior with tumor markers; low sensitivity is improved by HPV detection. Accuracy for early stage cervical cancer detection is optimal using a spatially multiplexed tumor marker/HPV LAMP assay together with endovaginal MRI

Sustainability in the Fashion brands websites: SEO keywords density analysis and consumers' behaviour

Sustainability is becoming one of the main trends within our society and there is the need to combine this value within fashion. The fashion industry is one of the leading industries which produces the highest amount of pollution in the world. The production requires an immense use of water and chemicals and the pollution created with the textile waste has a tremendous negative impact on the environment. Integrating sustainability, as a value within the fashion system, can be challenging; therefore, the perception towards sustainability has to be positive, has to be an opportunity. Online communication is crucial to influence customers and to deliver sustainable purchase behaviour. SEO keywords density analysis studies how fashion websites are implementing their online communication toward sustainability, focusing on specific keywords. The author chose keywords from previous literature and through online software which suggests the most similar keywords to the word “sustainability” and “sustainable fashion” used online. The objective of this paper is to observe and analyse the online keywords of fashion brands websites concerning sustainability. I plan to research its significance, taking into consideration the growing online marketplace. Keywords: sustainable, fashion, online, website, keyword