An AI framework for Change Analysis and Forecast Modelling of Temporal Series of Satellite Images

The study focuses on change analysis and predicting future LULC map of capital city of Karnataka state, India. The chosen study area is more prone to urbanisation and greatly affected by population in recent years. Spatial-temporal data from 1989-2019 are considered. LULC classes comprise of Water bodies, Urban, Forest, Vegetation and Openland. An optimal LULC maps from 1989 to 2019 obtained by deep neural network technique are used to perform change analysis which would mainly give the change LULC map with number and percentage of change pixels. According to the analysis performed major change as environmental affecting factor was noticed between 2009 and 2019 where in urban with the area of 189.3861 sq. km remain unchanged and noticeable transitions from other LULC classes to urban. Later, time series classification was performed using Cellular Automata, Cellular Automata-Neural Networks, techniques to predict the LULC map of 2024. Among these CA-NN outperformed with an average kappa coefficient of 0.83. Also, this was validated with projected LULC map of 2024 provided by USGS

Studies on the biology of the dog-whelk Nassastolata (Gmelin) of Portonovo waters

The morphology, anatomy and sex ratio of the mud snail Nassa stolata (Gmelin) were studied. The species, being a facultative omnivore. feeds mainly on dead animals and the digestive system is suited to this mode of feeding. The radula is of rachiglossate type and is well suited for tearing and rasping. The female reproductive system is more complicated than that of male- Studies on sex ratio clearly show the preponderance of males over females. The males mature at a size of 12.1 mm female at 12.5 mm

Exploratory Data Analysis for Textile Defect Detection

The capacity to recognize anomalies in real-world visual data is essential for many computer vision uses. New approaches and ideas in unsupervised defective garments identification require data for training and evaluation. Understanding the constraints of the currently employed approach of human inspection is crucial for improving clothing quality. Uses for digital image processing in the textile sector are suggested. This method proposes a novel quantitative measuring strategy by fusing digital image processing with the Lab view platform. As this study progresses, it becomes clear that the FLDA yields the best results, with 95% accuracy, while the Hoeffiding Tree yields the lowest results, with 60% accuracy. When compared to other models, the FLDA's precision of 0.96 is the best you'll find, while the Hoeffiding Tree's is the lowest at 0.62. The FLDA provides the best result, with a recall value of 0.95, while the Hoeffiding Tree shows the lowest result, with a recall value of 0.60. The FLDA yields the best results (0.90 kappa value), whereas the Hoeffiding Tree yields the worst (0.20 kappa value).The FLDA exhibits the best results, with an F-Measure value of 0.95, while the Hoeffiding Tree displays the lowest results, with an F-Measure value of 0.58. The FLDA provides the best results, with an MCC value of 0.91, while the Hoeffiding Tree displays the worst results, with an MCC value of 0.22. The FLDA yields the best results (0.98 ROC value), whereas the Decision Table produces the worst results (0.69 ROC value). The best prediction accuracy is shown by the FLDA, at 0.98 of the PRC value, while the worst is shown by the Decision Table, at 0.67. The MAE is lowest (0.07) for the FLDA and highest (0.39) for the Hoeffiding Tree. The MAE deviation of the Bayes Net is 0.19.  The best result is shown by the FLDA, with an RMSE of 0.22, while the largest RMSE deviation is found in the Hoeffiding Tree, at 0.62. The RMSEdeviation for Bayes Net is 0.41. The finest RAE is shown by the FLDA, at 13.39%, while the largest RAE deviation is 78.28% for the Hoeffiding Tree. The Bayes Net explains 38.74% of the variation in RAE.  The best result is shown by the FLDA, with an RRSE of 44.36%; the largest RRSE variation is shown by the Hoeffiding Tree, with 123.99%. When compared to other models, the IBK's preparation time of 0 seconds is by far the shortest. While the Bayes Net completes its task in 0.03 seconds, FLDA can take up to 0.17 seconds. The FLDA model is found to have superior performance in this study

Prevalence of Depression and its Associated Factors Among Adults during Third Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic in Malaysia, 2021

Malaysia recently entered third-wave of COVID-19 pandemic starting from October 2020 to end of January 2021. Therefore, objective of our study was to identify the prevalence of depression and its associated factors among adults during third wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia. A total of 1468 Malaysian adults participated in this cross-sectional web-based survey. A standardized questionnaire was generated using the Google Form, and the link was shared through social media such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and WhatsApp. Patient Health Questionnaires (PHQ-9) was used to assess the levels of depression. Among 1468 participants, 320 (22 %) and 358 (24.6 %) indicated to have moderate to severe depression during third-wave of COVID-19 in Malaysia. Multiple predictors were identified that contributed to depression. These included female gender, family’s source income affected by the pandemic, do not perform exercise, victim of abuse and those with family and/or friends infected with COVID-19 virus. COVID-19 pandemic had caused the implementation of lockdown and physical distancing in Malaysia and nations across the globe. The pandemic had brought serious negative impacts on mental health of the adults especially depression especially during third wave of pandemic. The findings of our study suggested that new interventions or strategies are needed to be developed to address the severity of depression among Malaysian adults

Energy Audit -A Case Study

Abstract: Energy is the gift of nature to mankind in various forms and has always been a vital resource in the development of any nation. Energy conservation is the key element in the Energy management. In any Industry, the three top operating expenses are often found to be energy (both electrical and thermal), labour and raw material. The energy audit is an inspection, survey and analysis of Energy flows in a building, process or system with the objective of understanding the energy dynamics of the system under study. In this paper Energy Audit is performed at Earth Movers Division (EMD) of BEML located in Kolar Gold Fields (KGF), Karnataka state, India. The contract demand from the electricity supply company to the Earth Movers division of BEML is 8000KVA per month. The annual savings are calculated through Energy audit

Gfi1b: a key player in the genesis and maintenance of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome

Differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells is regulated by a concert of different transcription factors. Disturbed transcription factor function can be the basis of (pre)malignancies such as myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Growth factor independence 1b (Gfi1b) is a repressing transcription factor regulating quiescence of hematopoietic stem cells and differentiation of erythrocytes and platelets. Here, we show that low expression of Gfi1b in blast cells is associated with an inferior prognosis of MDS and AML patients. Using different models of human MDS or AML, we demonstrate that AML development was accelerated with heterozygous loss of Gfi1b, and latency was further decreased when Gfi1b was conditionally deleted. Loss of Gfi1b significantly increased the number of leukemic stem cells with upregulation of genes involved in leukemia development. On a molecular level, we found that loss of Gfi1b led to epigenetic changes, increased levels of reactive oxygen species, as well as alteration in the p38/Akt/FoXO pathways. These results demonstrate that Gfi1b functions as an oncosuppressor in MDS and AML development

Die Rolle von Gfi1b in der akuten myeloischen Leukämie (AML)

Die akute myeloische Leukämie (AML) ist eine maligne Erkrankung des blutbildenden Systems, die durch eine Ansammlung unreifer, in der Entwicklung arretierter myeloischer Blasten gekennzeichnet ist. Myelodysplastisches Syndrom (MDS) und AML beeinflussen die myeloische Linie der Hämatopoese und sind durch eine Anreicherung von Blasten im Knochenmark gekennzeichnet. Transkriptionsfaktoren (TF) spielen eine fundamentale Rolle in der Hämatopoese. Eine Funktionsstörung dieser Faktoren kann zur Entstehung einer AML führen und eine Bedeutung für die Prognose darstellen. Gfi1b ist ein TF, der eine tragende Rolle in der Regulation der Hämatopoese für die Differenzierung der verschiedenen hämatopoetischen Linien spielt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass GFI1B in CD34-positiven AML-Blastzellen von Patienten im Vergleich zu gesunden Probanden niedriger exprimiert wird. Ebenso konnte in drei verschiedenen AML-Mausmodellen gezeigt werden, dass der Verlust von Gfi1b die AML-Entwicklung im Vergleich mit Tieren mit normalen Gfi1b-Expressionslevel beschleunigte. Ein niedriger Expressionslevel des Gfi1b-Gens erhöhte die Anzahl der funktionellen leukämischen Stammzellen im Knochenmark. In früheren Publikationen konnte gezeigt werden, dass der Verlust von Gfi1b bei Mäusen zu einer Expansion von hämatopoetischen Stammzellen führte und von erhöhten Mengen an reaktiven Sauerstoffspezies (ROS) begleitet wurde. Es wurde von verschiedenen Arbeitsgruppen beschrieben, dass ROS zur Entstehung und Progression der AML beitragen. Jedoch führen erhöhte ROS Level auch zu erhöhten Mengen an aktivierten p38 and Akt, was wiederum, die onkogene Potenzial der Zellen beschränkt. Im Falle von Gfi1b-defizienten leukämischen Zellen sind p38 and Akt Level reduziert. FoXO3 fungiert als ein onkogenes Element in AML Zellen und ich konnte zeigen, dass die Aktivität von FoXO3 in Gfi1b-defizienten leukämischen Stammzellen hochreguliert ist, was zu einer Repression von Atm und einer Aktivierung von Meis1 führte. Zusammenfassend lässt sich erschließen, dass der TF GFI1B/Gfi1b eine dosisabhängige Rolle in der Progression der AML spielt. Er kann daher als ein tendenzieller Marker für die AMLHeilung angewendet werden.Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a clonal hematopoietic blood disorder and is a preleukemic state of leukemia. In some cases, MDS can transform into acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Both diseases affect the myeloid lineage of hematopoiesis and are characterized by an accumulation of blast cells. Lineage-specific transcription factors (TFs) are required for a proper differentiation of mature cells. Dysfunctions of these TFs cause diseases such as MDS/AML. Gfi1b plays an important role in the hematopoiesis; it is important for the maintenance of HSC and for erythropoiesis and megakrayopoiesis. The aim of my thesis is to characterize the functional role of GFI1B/Gfi1b in the context of AML development. I show that a low GFI1B expression level in human blast cells is associated with an inferior outcome with regard to overall survival and event-free survival. Using three different AML mouse models (NUP98/HOXD13, Kras and MLLAF9), I showed that loss of Gfi1b accelerated AML. In addition, loss of Gfi1b showed an enhanced frequency of functional leukemic stem cells (LSCs) in the BM of Gfi1bdeficient leukemic mice compared to mice with normal Gfi1b levels. Previous studies have shown that loss of Gfi1b in mice leads to an expansion of HSCs accompanied with elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Different groups have shown that ROS can promote AML development. Yet,increased level of ROS lead in normal cells to elevated level of activated p38 and Akt, which in turn limit oncogenic potential of cells, However in case of loss of Gfi1b, despite increased level of ROS, level of activated p38 and Akt are downregulated. In addition, FoXO3, a known oncogenic element in AML, was upregulated in Gfi1b-deficient LSCs, which in turn led to a repression of Atm gene expression and an activation of Meis1. Collectively, these data represent, that loss of GFI1B/Gfi1b plays a key role in generating AML and this could open new therapeutic possibilities in the future