34 research outputs found

    ÉthĂ©rotopies : retour sur des espaces hĂŽtes

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    Ce texte propose d’aborder la multiplication d’espaces soustraits aux champs de la visibilitĂ© en s’attardant aux retours persistants de la mĂ©taphore de l’éther dans l’histoire. Saisie sous l’angle de la gĂ©nĂ©alogie, la brĂšve enquĂȘte prĂ©sentĂ©e ici s’attarde aux passages d’une instance de la mĂ©taphore Ă  l’autre afin de souligner certains rapports sympathiques qui marquent les discours technoscientifiques de la fin du 19e et ceux, cyberculturels, du dĂ©but du 21e siĂšcle. L’auteur cherche ainsi Ă  interroger autrement, par les biais de l’éther et de la mĂ©taphore, certaines des plus rĂ©centes formulations de la question de l’espace, une question au coeur du dĂ©veloppement des technologies de communication.In order to address the proliferation of imponderable and invisible spaces, this paper interrogates the persistence of the metaphor of “ether” in history. By theorizing the metaphor from a genealogical perspective, this brief inquiry focuses on transitions from one instance of the metaphor to another in order to highlight some of the sympathetic relations between late 19th century technoscientific discourses and early 21st century cybercultural discourses. Using both ether and metaphor, the author seeks other ways to investigate some of the latest conceptualizations of “space” fundamental to communication technologies

    Qu’est-ce qu’un entretien?

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    Cet article propose une rĂ©flexion conceptuelle et critique sur la notion d’“entretien” en sciences sociales, qui est le motif de ce numĂ©ro spĂ©cial de COMMposite. Dans un premier temps, nous distinguons l’entretien de l’entrevue qualitative pour ensuite explorer l’entretien comme un mode de communication particulier. Nous traçons les contours de trois grands enjeux liĂ©s au format de l’entretien : la problĂ©matique de la reprĂ©sentation et de l’interprĂ©tation; la problĂ©matique du passage d’un support Ă  un autre, c’est-Ă -dire de l’oralitĂ© Ă  l’écriture; et enfin la problĂ©matique de la pluralitĂ© des formes d’entretiens

    Risques, controverses et démocraties : le cas du pourriel

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    Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothÚques de l'Université de Montréal

    ÉthĂ©rĂ©alisation : amorces d'une contre-histoire

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    Cette thĂšse est une enquĂȘte Ă©pistĂ©mologique qui s’interroge sur la persistance de « l’éther » dans le champ de la technologie. De façon gĂ©nĂ©rale, le mot « Ă©ther » Ă©voque un modĂšle conceptuel de la physique prĂ©-einsteinienne, celui d’un milieu invisible permettant la propagation de la lumiĂšre et des ondes Ă©lectromagnĂ©tiques. Or, ce n’est lĂ  qu’une des figures de l’éther. Dans plusieurs mythologies et cosmogonies anciennes, le nom « Ă©ther » dĂ©signait le feu originel contenu dans les plus hautes rĂ©gions cĂ©lestes. Aristote nommait « Ă©ther », par exemple, le « cinquiĂšme ĂȘtre », ou « cinquiĂšme Ă©lĂ©ment ». La chimie a aussi sa propre figure de l’éther oĂč il donne son nom Ă  un composĂ© chimique, le C4H10O, qui a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ© comme premier anesthĂ©siant gĂ©nĂ©ral Ă  la fin du XIXe siĂšcle. L’apparition soutenue dans l’histoire de ces figures disparates de l’éther, qui a priori ne semblent pas entretenir de relation entre elles, est pour nous la marque de la persistance de l’éther. Nous dĂ©fendons ici l’argument selon lequel cette persistance ne se rĂ©sume pas Ă  la constance de l’attribution d’un mot ou d’un nom Ă  diffĂ©rents phĂ©nomĂšnes dans l’histoire, mais Ă  l’actualisation d’une mĂȘme signature, Ă©thĂ©rogĂšne. À l’invitation d’Agamben et en nous inspirant des travaux de Nietzsche et Foucault sur l’histoire-gĂ©nĂ©alogie et ceux de Derrida sur la dĂ©construction, notre thĂšse amorce une enquĂȘte historique motivĂ©e par un approfondissement d’une telle thĂ©orisation de la signature. Pour y parvenir, nous proposons de placer l’éther, ou plutĂŽt la signature-Ă©ther, au cƓur de diffĂ©rentes enquĂȘtes historiques prĂ©occupĂ©es par le problĂšme de la technologie. En abordant sous cet angle des enjeux disparates – la lĂ©gitimation des savoirs narratifs, la suspension des sens, la pseudoscience et la magie, les rĂ©volutions de l’information, l’obsession pour le sans-fil, l’économie du corps, la virtualisation de la communication, etc. –, nous proposons dans cette thĂšse autant d’amorces pour une histoire autre, une contre-histoire.This dissertation stands as an epistemological inquiry into the persistence of the notion of ether within technology’s discursive field. Most often, the word “ether” is understood as a conceptual model in pre-einsteinian physics which designates the medium responsible for the propagation of electromagnetic waves and light. However, this proves to be only one of the many figures of ether. In multiple mythologies and cosmogonies, ether was also the name employed to refer to a sublime and pure fire filling the highest spaces of the universe. Aristotle, for example, named “ether” what he considered to be the “fifth being,” or the “fifth element.” Chemistry also makes use of ether, where the name denominates the compound C4H10O, used as the first general anaesthetic agent at the end of the nineteenth century. From our point of view, the sustained occurrences of ether in these different figures, so disparate indeed that they appear unrelated, marks the manifestation of its persistence. We argue that this persistence should not be narrowed down to a constant attribution of a “word” or a “name” to several historical phenomenons, but rather should be viewed as the actualization of a same etherogeneous “signature.” Responding to an invitation by Italian philosopher Agamben, and building on Nietzsche’s and Foucault’s history-genealogy as well as on Derrida’s deconstruction, our dissertation proposes an historical program oriented towards a theorization of the signature. To do so, we suggest locating the ether, or rather the ether-signature, at the heart of several historical inquiries concerned with the contemporary problem with technology. Approaching some of theses issues –the legitimating of narrative knowledge, the suspension of the senses, pseudoscience and mysticism, information and industrial revolutions, wireless obsessions, body and corporeality, virtualization of communication, etc. –, our dissertation aims at locating and articulating as many baits towards an-other history, a counter-history

    Media hysteresis: persistence through change

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    For media scholars, locating the old in the new helps to debunk the inflation around the “newness” of contemporary media. Several approaches have been put to work in the exploration of these multiple temporalities within media: remediation, media revival, residual media, media archeology. In this article, we explore another temporal concept—hysteresis—as a way to think through the folding of time within and across media. The first part of the article presents a theoretical overview of the concept of hysteresis, from the field of experimental sciences in the late nineteenth century to Marx, Bourdieu, Baudrillard and others in the social sciences. In the second part, we introduce the concept of “media hysteresis” and illustrate it with two examples: the design of the keypad by Bell System’s push-button phones and the QWERTY keyboard. In the third and final part, we weave the concept of media hysteresis through a discussion of some of the major changes in cinema. More specifically, we examine how the aesthetic of the analogue persists in digital media and how media hysteresis can be useful to apprehend the celluloid revival. Our main argument throughout the article is the need for a theory of asynchronous simultaneity to analyse persistence and continuity across technological changes

    Streaming: A Media Hydrography of Televisual Flows

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    This paper situates the metaphor of ‘streaming’ in contrast to and connection with fluid analogies and metaphors that have been used to describe different models of media transmission. From the early use of aqueous vocabulary that shaped popular and scientific understandings of electricity transmission to the seminal studies of mass communication concerning the flows of information, images of fluidity have long shaped cultural and conceptual understandings of media. Building on the work of media archaeologist Erkki Huhtamo, I approach these metaphors as ‘recurrent topoi’ in media culture and show that the metaphor of streaming serves to keep the remediation of past media forms hidden while simultaneously revealing certain dominant features of digital culture

    Ce que nous appelions « l’histoire des mĂ©dias » : l’exercice de l’archĂ©ologie mĂ©diatique

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    Wolfgang Ernst is one of the leading voices of media archeology, a research field that has garnered a growing interest since the 2000s for its fresh theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of media. Ernst’s main contribution to media archeology in the recent years has been a radical critique of history through a reflection on media temporalities. In this interview, Ernst proposes to see media archaeology as an “exercise” for media studies scholars, a mode of attention that isolates the techno-logical components of media. As he addresses the technomathematical ontology of digital communication, the genealogy of symbolic machines and the question of humanism, Ernst offers here some more conceptual tools to help us navigate through his previous writings and to reflect on some of the new directions for media archaeology

    Excaver, tracer, réécrire : sur les renouveaux historiques en communication

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    This article looks at two emerging historical perspectives in the field of communication studies : the new history of communication studies and media archaeology. Looking at the context of emergence and contributions of these two new historical perspectives, this article aims at exploring the potential connections between them as well as their limits. This article contributes to this special issue of Communiquer in three specific ways: 1) it provides a general overview of two perspectives that have reinvigorated historical research in communication studies in the recent years; 2) it problematizes some of the challenges to the practice of historiography; 3) it outlines some of commonalities that could bridge together the history of communication studies and media history

    Éther 2.0: RĂ©volutions sans fil

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    Nous proposons ici de discerner le concept de mythe de celui de promesse pour ensuite prĂ©senter les discours sur le sans-fil s’apparentant Ă  l’un et Ă  l’autre. Du culte du sans-fil, nous retenons les deux principaux mythes (celui de ThĂ©sĂ©e et celui d’éther) et montrons comment ils s’articulent aux promesses rĂ©volutionnaires des technologies. À travers l’exploration historique des deux bulles du sans-fil (1870–1905 et 1973–2008), nous dĂ©fendons l’argument selon lequel la promesse, en actualisant le mythe, relance l’incertitude et transforme l’aporie paradoxale de celui-ci en pari sur l’avenir
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