34 research outputs found
ĂthĂ©rotopies : retour sur des espaces hĂŽtes
Ce texte propose dâaborder la multiplication dâespaces soustraits aux champs de la visibilitĂ© en sâattardant aux retours persistants de la mĂ©taphore de lâĂ©ther dans lâhistoire. Saisie sous lâangle de la gĂ©nĂ©alogie, la brĂšve enquĂȘte prĂ©sentĂ©e ici sâattarde aux passages dâune instance de la mĂ©taphore Ă lâautre afin de souligner certains rapports sympathiques qui marquent les discours technoscientifiques de la fin du 19e et ceux, cyberculturels, du dĂ©but du 21e siĂšcle. Lâauteur cherche ainsi Ă interroger autrement, par les biais de lâĂ©ther et de la mĂ©taphore, certaines des plus rĂ©centes formulations de la question de lâespace, une question au coeur du dĂ©veloppement des technologies de communication.In order to address the proliferation of imponderable and invisible spaces, this paper interrogates the persistence of the metaphor of âetherâ in history. By theorizing the metaphor from a genealogical perspective, this brief inquiry focuses on transitions from one instance of the metaphor to another in order to highlight some of the sympathetic relations between late 19th century technoscientific discourses and early 21st century cybercultural discourses. Using both ether and metaphor, the author seeks other ways to investigate some of the latest conceptualizations of âspaceâ fundamental to communication technologies
Quâest-ce quâun entretien?
Cet article propose une rĂ©flexion conceptuelle et critique sur la notion dââentretienâ en sciences sociales, qui est le motif de ce numĂ©ro spĂ©cial de COMMposite. Dans un premier temps, nous distinguons lâentretien de lâentrevue qualitative pour ensuite explorer lâentretien comme un mode de communication particulier. Nous traçons les contours de trois grands enjeux liĂ©s au format de lâentretien : la problĂ©matique de la reprĂ©sentation et de lâinterprĂ©tation; la problĂ©matique du passage dâun support Ă un autre, câest-Ă -dire de lâoralitĂ© Ă lâĂ©criture; et enfin la problĂ©matique de la pluralitĂ© des formes dâentretiens
Risques, controverses et démocraties : le cas du pourriel
Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothÚques de l'Université de Montréal
ĂthĂ©rĂ©alisation : amorces d'une contre-histoire
Cette thĂšse est une enquĂȘte Ă©pistĂ©mologique qui sâinterroge sur la persistance de « lâĂ©ther » dans le champ de la technologie. De façon gĂ©nĂ©rale, le mot « Ă©ther » Ă©voque un modĂšle conceptuel de la physique prĂ©-einsteinienne, celui dâun milieu invisible permettant la propagation de la lumiĂšre et des ondes Ă©lectromagnĂ©tiques. Or, ce nâest lĂ quâune des figures de lâĂ©ther. Dans plusieurs mythologies et cosmogonies anciennes, le nom « Ă©ther » dĂ©signait le feu originel contenu dans les plus hautes rĂ©gions cĂ©lestes. Aristote nommait « Ă©ther », par exemple, le « cinquiĂšme ĂȘtre », ou « cinquiĂšme Ă©lĂ©ment ». La chimie a aussi sa propre figure de lâĂ©ther oĂč il donne son nom Ă un composĂ© chimique, le C4H10O, qui a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ© comme premier anesthĂ©siant gĂ©nĂ©ral Ă la fin du XIXe siĂšcle. Lâapparition soutenue dans lâhistoire de ces figures disparates de lâĂ©ther, qui a priori ne semblent pas entretenir de relation entre elles, est pour nous la marque de la persistance de lâĂ©ther. Nous dĂ©fendons ici lâargument selon lequel cette persistance ne se rĂ©sume pas Ă la constance de lâattribution dâun mot ou dâun nom Ă diffĂ©rents phĂ©nomĂšnes dans lâhistoire, mais Ă lâactualisation dâune mĂȘme signature, Ă©thĂ©rogĂšne. Ă lâinvitation dâAgamben et en nous inspirant des travaux de Nietzsche et Foucault sur lâhistoire-gĂ©nĂ©alogie et ceux de Derrida sur la dĂ©construction, notre thĂšse amorce une enquĂȘte historique motivĂ©e par un approfondissement dâune telle thĂ©orisation de la signature. Pour y parvenir, nous proposons de placer lâĂ©ther, ou plutĂŽt la signature-Ă©ther, au cĆur de diffĂ©rentes enquĂȘtes historiques prĂ©occupĂ©es par le problĂšme de la technologie. En abordant sous cet angle des enjeux disparates â la lĂ©gitimation des savoirs narratifs, la suspension des sens, la pseudoscience et la magie, les rĂ©volutions de lâinformation, lâobsession pour le sans-fil, lâĂ©conomie du corps, la virtualisation de la communication, etc. â, nous proposons dans cette thĂšse autant dâamorces pour une histoire autre, une contre-histoire.This dissertation stands as an epistemological inquiry into the persistence of the notion of ether within technologyâs discursive field. Most often, the word âetherâ is understood as a conceptual model in pre-einsteinian physics which designates the medium responsible for the propagation of electromagnetic waves and light. However, this proves to be only one of the many figures of ether. In multiple mythologies and cosmogonies, ether was also the name employed to refer to a sublime and pure fire filling the highest spaces of the universe. Aristotle, for example, named âetherâ what he considered to be the âfifth being,â or the âfifth element.â Chemistry also makes use of ether, where the name denominates the compound C4H10O, used as the first general anaesthetic agent at the end of the nineteenth century. From our point of view, the sustained occurrences of ether in these different figures, so disparate indeed that they appear unrelated, marks the manifestation of its persistence. We argue that this persistence should not be narrowed down to a constant attribution of a âwordâ or a ânameâ to several historical phenomenons, but rather should be viewed as the actualization of a same etherogeneous âsignature.â Responding to an invitation by Italian philosopher Agamben, and building on Nietzscheâs and Foucaultâs history-genealogy as well as on Derridaâs deconstruction, our dissertation proposes an historical program oriented towards a theorization of the signature. To do so, we suggest locating the ether, or rather the ether-signature, at the heart of several historical inquiries concerned with the contemporary problem with technology. Approaching some of theses issues âthe legitimating of narrative knowledge, the suspension of the senses, pseudoscience and mysticism, information and industrial revolutions, wireless obsessions, body and corporeality, virtualization of communication, etc. â, our dissertation aims at locating and articulating as many baits towards an-other history, a counter-history
Media hysteresis: persistence through change
For media scholars, locating the old in the new helps to debunk the inflation around the ânewnessâ of contemporary media. Several approaches have been put to work in the exploration of these multiple temporalities within media: remediation, media revival, residual media, media archeology. In this article, we explore another temporal conceptâhysteresisâas a way to think through the folding of time within and across media. The first part of the article presents a theoretical overview of the concept of hysteresis, from the field of experimental sciences in the late nineteenth century to Marx, Bourdieu, Baudrillard and others in the social sciences. In the second part, we introduce the concept of âmedia hysteresisâ and illustrate it with two examples: the design of the keypad by Bell Systemâs push-button phones and the QWERTY keyboard. In the third and final part, we weave the concept of media hysteresis through a discussion of some of the major changes in cinema. More specifically, we examine how the aesthetic of the analogue persists in digital media and how media hysteresis can be useful to apprehend the celluloid revival. Our main argument throughout the article is the need for a theory of asynchronous simultaneity to analyse persistence and continuity across technological changes
Streaming: A Media Hydrography of Televisual Flows
This paper situates the metaphor of âstreamingâ in contrast to and connection with fluid analogies and metaphors that have been used to describe different models of media transmission. From the early use of aqueous vocabulary that shaped popular and scientific understandings of electricity transmission to the seminal studies of mass communication concerning the flows of information, images of fluidity have long shaped cultural and conceptual understandings of media. Building on the work of media archaeologist Erkki Huhtamo, I approach these metaphors as ârecurrent topoiâ in media culture and show that the metaphor of streaming serves to keep the remediation of past media forms hidden while simultaneously revealing certain dominant features of digital culture
Ce que nous appelions « lâhistoire des mĂ©dias » : lâexercice de lâarchĂ©ologie mĂ©diatique
Wolfgang Ernst is one of the leading voices of media archeology, a research field that has garnered a growing interest since the 2000s for its fresh theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of media. Ernstâs main contribution to media archeology in the recent years has been a radical critique of history through a reflection on media temporalities. In this interview, Ernst proposes to see media archaeology as an âexerciseâ for media studies scholars, a mode of attention that isolates the techno-logical components of media. As he addresses the technomathematical ontology of digital communication, the genealogy of symbolic machines and the question of humanism, Ernst offers here some more conceptual tools to help us navigate through his previous writings and to reflect on some of the new directions for media archaeology
Excaver, tracer, réécrire : sur les renouveaux historiques en communication
This article looks at two emerging historical perspectives in the field of communication studies : the new history of communication studies and media archaeology. Looking at the context of emergence and contributions of these two new historical perspectives, this article aims at exploring the potential connections between them as well as their limits. This article contributes to this special issue of Communiquer in three specific ways: 1) it provides a general overview of two perspectives that have reinvigorated historical research in communication studies in the recent years; 2) it problematizes some of the challenges to the practice of historiography; 3) it outlines some of commonalities that could bridge together the history of communication studies and media history
Ăther 2.0: RĂ©volutions sans fil
Nous proposons ici de discerner le concept de mythe de celui de promesse pour ensuite prĂ©senter les discours sur le sans-fil sâapparentant Ă lâun et Ă lâautre. Du culte du sans-fil, nous retenons les deux principaux mythes (celui de ThĂ©sĂ©e et celui dâĂ©ther) et montrons comment ils sâarticulent aux promesses rĂ©volutionnaires des technologies. Ă travers lâexploration historique des deux bulles du sans-fil (1870â1905 et 1973â2008), nous dĂ©fendons lâargument selon lequel la promesse, en actualisant le mythe, relance lâincertitude et transforme lâaporie paradoxale de celui-ci en pari sur lâavenir